january 6, 2011iclatip-3 kathmandu university nepal 1 proposal for the realization of...
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January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Proposal for the realization of Santilli's comparative test on the gravity of electrons and positrons via a
horizontal supercooled vacuum tube
Dr. ir. Victor de Haan BonPhysics Research and Investigations BV, Puttershoek, The Netherlands
www.bonphysics.nl
Under partial support by The R. M. Santilli Foundation, Grant Number RMS-AM-4673rs82810
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Outline
• Introduction
• Principle
• Requirements
• Conclusions
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Introduction
e-e+
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• Experimental detection: J. J. Thomson (1897)
• Mass: +9.10938215(45)×10−31 kg• Electric charge: −1.602176487(40)×10−19 C
• Magnetic moment: −1.00115965218111 μB (A. H. Compton 1917, G.E. Uhlenbeck S. Goudsmit 1926)
• Weight: ?
History
electrone-
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• Experimental detection: C. D. Anderson (1932)
• Mass / Charge *): +5.685629(1) 10−12 kg/C
• Weight: ?
History
positron e+
*) Mass and charge separately can only be determined from theoretical derived results from experiments on composed particles.
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Witteborn-Fairbank (1967)
History
51 peV
e-
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History
LEAR / PS200 (anti-proton) (1982 – 1996)
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Current at Cern
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Current:
Athena, CERN (anti-hydrogen) AEGIS, CERN (anti-hydrogen interferometer) AGE, Fermilab (anti-hydrogen)
Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter
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Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter
Reasons for not using anti protons / positrons:
• electrical forces by Surface potential patches Shift of the electrons in the tube due to gravitational forcesLeaking in at the end of the tube Possible off-axis movement of the particle
• forces due to magnetic fields• scattering on residual gas atoms• the low yield of eV positrons• questionable usefulness of its precision (1%–0.1%)
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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What about electron / positron anti-gravity?
Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter
Most objections can be overcome by using a
horizontal well shielded flight path
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Principle:
xo
ge
gp
L
Vacuum tube
Detector
Source
xo
ge
L
Vacuum tube
Detector
Source
xo
L
Vacuum tube
Detector
Source
xo
L
Vacuum tube
e-e+
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Principle including focussing:
xo
ge
gp
L
Vacuum tube
Detector
Source
Apertures
Lens
xo
L
Vacuum tube
Detector
Source
Apertures
Lens
xo
L
Vacuum tube
Detector
Source
Apertures
Lens
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Requirements:
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1 10 100 1000
Kinetic energ / micro eV
Def
lect
ion
/ mm
L = 10 m L = 100 m
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Requirements:
Based on wavelike properties of electron
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Requirements:
Wavelike properties of electron givefocal spot from point source: Airy disk
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Requirements:
Airy disk < Gravity deflection
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Requirements:
Resolution limited
0.001 < < 0.1 Lower level: source strengthUpper level: paraxial approximation
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Requirements:
Resolution limited
= 0.001
= 0.01
= 0.001
= 0.01
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Requirements:
Surface Patch effect
Optical phase along a trajectory:
Refractive index as function of potential:
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Requirements:
Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect
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Requirements:
Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect
Horizontal flight path (this proposal):
Vertical flight path (Witteborn & Fairbank):
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Requirements:
Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect
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Conclusions:
• With current technology the proposed experiment is perfectly feasible
• Largest challenge is the adequate shielding of the flight path
• Surface Patch effects have much less influence for the considered geometry
• Also the other reasons not to use positrons haveeither much less influence in this geometry or are not valid
January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal
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Thank you for your attention !
Under partial support by The R. M. Santilli Foundation, Grant Number RMS-AM-4673rs82810
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