j.c. r.e.-section c
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What have we learned?
We have an understanding of thehistorical situation that existed at thetime of the foundation of Judaismand Islam.
Judaism IslamWhen was thisreligion founded?
4000 years ago 1500 years ago
Where was it founded? The Fertile Crescent inthe Middle East
Saudi Arabia in theMiddle East
What was the lifestyleof the people?
Nomadic hunters andherders
Tribal people who led anomadic lifestyle
What was theland like?
Very fertile Rock covered by largedeserts
What was theclimate like?
Hot and dry, withseasonal flooding
Hot and dry
Where were the The states of Assyria The cities of Mecca and
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What have we learned?
We know that the primary sources ofinformation about Judaism and Islam are foundin their sacred texts.
Judaism Islam
The Tanakh The Quran
We can differentiate between faith documentsand historical documents.
Judaism: The Tanakh is the primarydocument of faith. TheMishnah and the Talmud are alsodocuments of faith.Islam: The Quran is the primary document
of faith. The Sunna and theHadith are documents of
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We have traced the development of Judaismand Islam from oral to written tradition.
JudaismThe Jewish people passed
on the story of their faithby word of mouth from
generation togeneration. Eventually,they began to writedown the stories fromtheir oral tradition. The
Hebrew Bible took overa thousand years berecorded in its presentform. There werehundreds of writers
involved in this great
IslamThe sacred text of Islam
also began with anoral tradition.
Muhammad learned byheartall the revelations that he
received from Allah, thenhe taught these to other
Muslims, who in turnlearned them off andrecited them. WhenMuhammad died, all thatwas revealed by Allah
was brought together
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What have we learned?
We have identified essential elements of thebeliefs and symbols of Judaism and Islam.
What are they?
We can recognise these beliefs and symbolsin the words and actions of the followers ofJudaism and Islam, past and present.
How?
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Name: Judaism
Founders: Abrahamand Moses
Date: 4000 years ago
Earliest Followers: Thedescendants of
Abraham and theIsraelite or Hebrew
people.
A follower of this
major world
religion is called: A Jew.
Beliefs: The Jewish peoplebelieve in
one God who is thecreator of everything. They believethat God has a unique relationshipwith the Jewish peoplebecause God established acovenant with them throughAbraham and Moses. The Jewish
people await the arrival ofthe Messiah.
Sacred Text: The HebrewScriptures
Location/
Place of Origin: Israel
Holy Day: Saturday.The Sabbath begins atsunset on Friday and continuesuntil after sunset on Saturday. Thetraditional Sabbath candles are litand special prayers are said,usually by the mother of the
family. The men and theboys attend the synagogue towelcome in the Sabbath. At theend of the day, there is a specialcelebratory meal, with prayersand singing.
Prayer: The Jewish people pray daily.The formal language for prayer isHebrew, though of course Jewishpeople can pray in any language.Devout Jewish people pray fivetimes a day: before going to bed,after rising in the morning and at
the three meal times. (The Jewishday begins in the evening.) In theevenin and in the mornin the
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Place of Worship: ThesynagogueSacred Times /Festivals:Autumn festivals Rosh
Hashanah/Yom Kippur/Sukkoth/Simchat Torah
Winter festivals Hanukah/Purim
Spring festival PesachSummer festivals
Shavuot/Tishah bAvPlace of Pilgrimage:TheWestern Wall in
Jerusalem is asacred place of
pilgrimage for theJewish people.
Leadership: ChiefRabbi/Rabbi.Rites of Passage: TheJewish peoplecelebrate all the important
Way of life: Jews live
their lives inaccordance with
then TenCommandments. Theyobserve the HebrewScriptures quite literally andtake instruction on manydaily events, including
dietary laws. Jewish peopleobserve their Sabbath daystrictly and take that time torest and pray. When in thesynagogue at prayer, Jewish
men wear the kippah, thetallit and tefillin.
Symbol of this religion:The symbolof Judaism
is called the Magen of David,also known as the Star of
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Name: Islam
Founder:Muhammad
Date: 1500 years ago
Earliest Followers: The familyofMuhammad and the
people of Mecca.
A follower of this
major world religion
Is called: A Muslim.
Beliefs: The Islamic peoplebelieve in
one God, Allah, and in the ProphetMuhammad.
The key beliefs are summed up by
the
Shahada: There is no God butAllah, and
Muhammad is his messenger.Muslims submit their lives to Allahand everything in their life is under
the control of Allah.Sacred Text: The Quran
Holy Day: Friday. Allmale Muslims areexpected to attend the mosque atmidday on Fridays for prayers.
They turn to an arched alcove or adecorated panel in the wall toshow them the direction of Mecca.Men and women sit in differentparts of the mosque. A leader,called the imam, leads theprayers.
Prayer: Muslims are calledto pray fivetimes a day. This is the secondpillar of Islam, Salat. WhenMuslims pray, they turn towards
Mecca. For a Muslim, life revolvesaround these prayer times. Theyhave specific ritual actions that arecarried out before prayer. Eachaction has a specific meaning.
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Place of Worship: Themosque
Sacred Times /Festivals: Eidul-Fitr
takes place at the end ofRamadan in the ninth month ofthe Islamic calendar. Eid ul-Adhatakes place during the twelfthmonth of the Islamic calendar.
Place of Pilgrimage: Theholy city ofMecca, home of the Kaba, is thesacred place of pilgrimage for theIslamic people. Every Muslim tries
to make the Hajj pilgrimage toMecca once in their lifetime.
Leadership: The imamleads the prayer in the mosqueon Fridays.
Rites of Passage: As withJudaism, theIslamic faith traditioncelebrates all the major eventsof life, from birth to death. At
birth, words from the Quranare whispered into the ear ofthe newborn baby. There isalso a Naming Ceremony.
Way of life: The people of
the Islamicfaith observe their religion as theirway of life. Muslims live their livesin accordance with the Five Pillarsof Islam. Like Jews, they have strictdietary laws and a sense of ritualaround their prayer times.Pilgrimage is one of the Five Pillars
of Islam and is to be observed atleast once in the life of a Muslim.
Symbol of this religion:Thecrescent moonand star is a symbol of Islam.
The five points of the star
symbolise the Five Pillars ofIslam. The moon and the stars
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What have we learned?
We can recognise importantmoments in the stories of Judaismand Islam.
Key Moments in the development of Islam
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Key Moments in the development of Islam
AD 570 Birth of Muhammad.
AD 595 Muhammad met and married Khadija.
AD 610 The Night of Power and Excellence.
AD 620 Muhammad preached to people from Yathrib, a city north ofMecca.
AD 622 The Hijra.
AD 630 Muhammad returned to Mecca and initiated a jihad (a holywar).
AD 632 Muhammad made his final pilgrimage to the Kaba shrine.
AD 650 After the death of Muhammad, Islamic armies convertedmany provinces of the eastern Roman Empire and also thePersian Empire to Islam.
AD 700 The conquest of the North African coast began. Roman Africa
was taken,and in AD 711 the Islamic armies crossed over into Spain andthe south of France.
Middle Ages During the Middle Ages, there was much conflict betweenIslam and the
(8th to 12th Century) Christian states of Europe.
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The WorldwideCommunity ofJudaism
There areapproximatelythirteen million Jewsworldwide: sixmillion in the USA,three million in Israeland the rest dividedthroughout theworld, includingcommunities inRussia and EasternEurope. Members ofthe Jewishcommunity who liveoutside of Israel are
The WorldwideCommunity ofIslam
The majority ofMuslims today live incountries of North
Africa (e.g. Algeria,Libya and Egypt)and in the MiddleEast. Muslims arealso present insignificant numbersin countries asvaried as Russia,China, India,England and theUnited States of
America. The
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What have we learned? We are able to compare and contrast the faith and practice
of early Jewish and Muslim communities with the faith andpractice of the modern communities.
For example:Early Jewish Community Orthodox Jews Follow the laws of the Torah and the Jewish tradition strictly Accept male rabbis only Use only Hebrew in their synagogues Men and women sit apart in the synagogue Keep strict dietary laws
Modern Jewish Community Reform Jews Adapt the laws of the Torah and the Jewish traditions to modern life Allow synagogue services to be led by rabbis and by others Accept both male and female rabbis Celebrate services in the local language Men and women sit together in the synagogue
Do not keep strict dietary laws
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Christianity and Judaism:Similarities and Differences
Christians and Jews believein
One God Life after death Gods final judgement of
us Prayer, fasting and
almsgiving Mary, the mother of Jesus
The books of the OldTestament
The existence of evil
Christians and Jewsdisagree on
God as Father, Son andHoly Spirit
Jesus as the Son of God Jesus death and
resurrection Jesus as saviour (The
Jewish people are still
waiting for the Messiah) The New Testament and
the Old Testament being Gods
final word
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Christianity and Islam:Similarities and Differences
Christians and Muslimsbelieve in
One God
Life after death
Gods finaljudgement of us
Prayer, fasting andalmsgiving
Mary, the mother ofJesus
Angels
The existence of evil
Christians andMuslims disagreeon
God as Father, Sonand Holy Spirit
Jesus as the Son ofGod
Jesus death andresurrection
Jesus as saviour
The Bible as Godsfinal word
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