job training analysis: integrating production with safety collaborative work - field testing a...
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Job Training Analysis: Integrating Production with Safety
Collaborative work - field testing a process for quickly developing information for use in skills training…
Train the Trainer
Salt Lake City
May, 2004
NIOSH / Morton Salt / MSHA
…a few questions…
If we wanted to create variability in how this loader was operated by different operators….
What would we likely do?
What might be the consequence of that variability?
Increased risk of injury?
Increased maintenance costs?
Increased production downtime?
Overall – increased operating costs?
..a picture of a table top JTA
Tasks• Steps
Why important? Consider -- Safety, Production, and Maintenance
ImportanceRanking
Obtain checklist• Mark hour
meter reading
Power off checks• Engine Oil• Hydraulic oil
Duty 2: Pre-shift operational checks
Different methods can be used to develop the job analysis (column 1)
Morton Salt Inc. (Lift Truck Example) Contact: Bruce Blakemore
Tasks• Steps
Why important? Consider -- Safety, Production, and Maintenance
ImportanceRanking
Obtain checklist Check with foreman• Mark hour
meter readingPreventative maintenance scheduling
Power off checks walk around inspection• Engine Oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not
overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below
• Hydraulic oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below
Duty 2: Pre-shift operational checks
Tasks• Steps
Why important? Consider -- Safety, Production, and Maintenance
ImportanceRanking
Obtain checklist Check with foreman 2• Mark hour
meter readingPreventative maintenance scheduling 2
Power off checks walk around inspection• Engine Oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not
overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below
3
• Hydraulic oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below
3
Duty 2: Pre-shift operational checks
… a practical JTA
3 level hierarchyShort descriptions of the tasks and steps
Makes sense to experienced workers Is a natural way of thinking about the job Is useful for chunking the job into parts
that can be taught and evaluated Is at a level of detail that is useful for
the trainee and the trainer
How is a JTA used?..to help structure skills training
Can reduce the time to learn a new skill
Can reduce the variability in how the task is performed
Good quality skills training…
Connects production, safety, maintenance, and crew coordination
Is planned
A trainer is present
Range of OJT
On-the-job exp. (OJE)
Self teaching Shadow another
employee No plan developed No evaluation other
than self-assessment
Structured OJT
Trainer present Plan developed Trainer has
learned skills in Teaching Evaluating
All jobs carry some risk – relative risk is an important consideration
Why structure OJT?
Why invest in a job training analysis?
Putting a JTA into context
Experienced workers define training / performance targets
JTA is fluid – can be easily modified over
time..
Roof bolting - Duty 2: TrammingObjective: Learner will be able to demonstrate and explain how to safely tram equipment.
Tasks / Steps Importance-Safety, Production, and Maintenance
Importance:
Walk roadway before tramming
Two people needed for moves: one to walk and one to operate bolter to avoid cables and give lamp signals. Also a good time to check and make sure no other equipment is parked in blind spots, e.g., on other side of curtains.
Depends on conditions:
2 - 3
Communicate intention to tram and cable reel coming on
Verbal: Include telling trainee importance of position in relation to cable & bolter. Note that splices can get hung up in the reel.
3
Some benefits of table top JTA…
Makes use of the experience of those who perform and have a stake in the job
Saves time over other methods for doing a training needs assessment (or job analysis).
Listing of duties, tasks and steps makes sense to those who do the job.
A good way of getting experienced performers on the same page
Puts a lot of key information on a single page
Can be readily used as a guide for OJT Is based on long term military ISD research
What might be gained? TimeTime
Less risk of downtime? Save timetime of maintenance and repair folks
Less risk of injury? Save timetime of the employee: less lostlost time
Quicker acceleration of learning? Less timetime to (learn) do a particular task
If we wanted to reduce variability in how these two would operate this equipment...
What would we likely do?
OJT / general training method…
Assess How?
Train How?
Evaluate How?
On-the-job training…
Prepare (training outline?) Define gap…is training necessary?
Trainer demonstrates / informs / discussOne job duty or task at a time…
Trainee demonstrates / practice / talks their way through the task…
Trainer offers feedback – ask questions – more feedback
Evaluate – determine if performance is acceptable (can be done in many different ways)
assess
training
evaluate
Different approaches to training…
Trainer centeredTrainer centered
Learner Learner centeredcentered
Enhancing OJT (skills training)..
Small, layered (time) investmentsPractical ways to do a job analysis
Considerations in selecting and training the OJT trainer
Limitations of OJT…
Teaching nonroutine skills
Teaching cognitive skills
The notion is to consider the training environment…the classroom is one, the work site (via OJT) is another…
The end…
Job analyses are not all alike..
Interview / observe individuals
Gather information Synthesize – tie
information together into a training plan / program
Group - table top method Prepare a plan Set up / conduct a 1-3 day workshop Verify / refine results Includes those who not only perform
the job, but who have a stake in the job
JTA….
Based on the group process - small groups of individuals who have relevant expertise and a stake in the job
The group makes consensus decisions on information contained within each of the three columns.
Based on extensive military research – Instructional Systems Development
A few more considerations…
Job analysis and On-the-job Training
1. Would you want to structure OJT for every job at the mine site?
2. What types of jobs would you select for structured OJT??
…other KEY considerations…
Skills of the OJT trainer….
..and small investments??
Select experienced workers who are interested in teaching
Give them time to develop a road map (JTA? + other material?)
Provide training in teaching and evaluating
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