k. v. petrides trait emotional intelligence k.v. petrides london psychometric laboratory department...

K. V. Petrides

Trait emotional intelligence

K.V. PetridesK.V. Petrides

London Psychometric LaboratoryLondon Psychometric LaboratoryDepartment of Psychology, University College London, UKDepartment of Psychology, University College London, UK

E-mail: k.petrides@ucl.ac.ukE-mail: k.petrides@ucl.ac.ukwww.psychometriclab.comwww.psychometriclab.com

Google: trait EIGoogle: trait EI

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Aims

• To give an indication of the main divisions of the research programme

• To mention, as opposed to explain, core research findings– All papers are downloadable from

www.psychometriclab.com

• To bring to your attention the range of assessment materials available via LPL

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Background & milestones• Thornike’s ‘social intelligence’.• Gardner’s (1983) ‘multiple intelligences’.

– Intrapersonal intelligence– Interpersonal intelligence

• ‘Emotional intelligence’ as a term appears in Greenspan (1989), Leuner (1966), Payne (1986).

• Salovey & Mayer (1990)• Goleman (1995)• Petrides and colleagues (2000-)

– Trait EI versus Ability EI– Trait emotional intelligence research programme

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Operationalization of EI

• Two crucial issues are involved in the operationalization of EI (and of any other construct):– What is the sampling domain of construct?– How do we measure the various components of the

sampling domain?• Until recently – and even now – the first question was

resolved by having as many sampling domains and EI definitions as researchers in the field.

• Until recently – and even now – the second question was not even considered, with researchers assuming that the use of self-report or maximum-performance tests has no implications for operationalization.

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI vs ability EI

• Ability EI (or ‘cognitive-emotional ability’) in theory encompasses emotion-related cognitive abilities and should be measured via maximum-performance tests (although this has not proved possible).

• Trait EI (or ‘trait emotional self-efficacy’) encompasses emotion-related dispositions and self-perceptions and should be measured via self-report questionnaires.

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI vs ability EI II

October 2009, NTU Taipei

KV Petrides

Veridical scoring in IQ tests

Raven’s matricesNonverbal analogies

• The existence of single, invariant, and objectively derived correct response is a defining characteristic of intelligence testing.

K. V. Petrides

Operationalization of ability EI• If ability EI is a new cognitive ability, then items

or tasks with emotional content need to be developed such that they can be scored according to truly veridical criteria.

• In other words, the construct in its entirety ought to be assessed through items that can be responded to correctly or incorrectly.

• Is it possible to develop EI items along cognitive ability lines? – NO: emotional experience is inherently subjective

(Brody, 2004; Locke, 2005; Pérez, Petrides, & Furnham, 2005; Watson, 2000).

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

MSCEIT II• Brody, N. (2004). What cognitive intelligence is and what emotional intelligence

is not. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 234-238.• Conte, J. M. (2005). A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures.

Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 433-440.• Keele, S. M. & Bell, R. C. (2008). The factorial validity of emotional

intelligence: An unresolved issue. Personality and individual differences, 44, 487-500.

• Ortony, A., Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. (2007). Why emotional intelligence needs a fluid component. In G. Matthews, M. Zeidner, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), The science of emotional intelligence. Knowns and unknowns - Series in Affective Science (pp.288-304). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• O’Sullivan, M., & Ekman, P. (2005). Facial expression recognition and emotional intelligence. In G. Geher, (Ed.). Measuring emotional intelligence: Common ground and controversy. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishing.

• Rossen, E., Kranzler, J. H., & Algina, J. (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test V2.0 (MSCEIT). Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1258-1269.

• Wilhelm, O. (2005). Measures of emotional intelligence: practice and standards. In R. Schulze, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), International handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 131-154). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

K. V. Petrides

Trait emotional intelligence

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI• Trait emotional intelligence is a constellation of

emotion-related self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies (Petrides, Pita, & Kokkinaki, 2007).

• The trait EI sampling domain aims to provide comprehensive coverage of the emotion-related aspects of personality.

• Trait EI rejects the notion that emotions can be artificially objectified in order to be made amenable to veridical scoring, along IQ lines.

• An alternative label for the construct is “trait emotional self-efficacy”.

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

The sampling domain of trait EI

• Petrides & Furnham (2001; EJP):

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue , TEIQue-SF, TEIQue-ASF, TEIQue-CF,TEIQue 360o)

• 153 items, 15 subscales, 4 factors, global trait EI score.

• TEIQue translations– Greek

– French

– Spanish

– Chinese

– Portuguese

– Dutch

– Norwegian

– Croatian

– Serbian

– Italian

• TEIQue-SF– 30 items, global trait EI score

• Adolescent TEIQue-ASF

• TEIQue 360o

• Theory-based

• Research-based

• Peer-reviewed

• Open-access

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI factor structure

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI: Experimental studiesPetrides & Furnham, 2003; EJP

Tension & Depression Anger & Vigour Confusion & Total POMS

N = 30; Residualized Trait EI scores October 2009, NTU Taipei

July 2009, Athens GREECE

K. V. Petrides

November, 2007, UCLan, UK

Trait EI and academic performance I

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

KV Petrides

Trait EI and academic performance II

+1 SD +1 SD

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

KV Petrides

Trait EI and academic performance III

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

K. V. PetridesKV Petrides

Trait EI and behaviour at school• Pupils with high trait EI scores tend to have fewer unauthorised

absences (truancy).

• Pupils with high trait EI scores are less likely have been expelled from their school for serious breaches of discipline (exclusions).

<.05 <.05

Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; PAID

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. PetridesKV Petrides

Self- and other-ratings of trait EI

Pet

rid

es e

t al

., P

sico

them

a, 2

006

; N

= 3

5 ba

llet

stu

den

ts

Petrides, Sangareau, Furnham, & Frederickson, 2006; 10.8 years; Soc Dev

Mavroveli, Petrides, Rieffe, & Bakker, 2007; BJDP

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI in children I

Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAPOctober 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI in children II

Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAP October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI in children III

Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, & Furnham, 2009; BJEP October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI and teen self-harm

Mikolajczak, Petrides, & Hurry, 2009; BJHP

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI and communicative anxiety

Dewaele, Petrides, & Furnham, 2008; Language Learning

L1; N = 425 L2; N = 406

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI in Asperger’s Syndrome

October 2009, NTU Taipei

July 2009, Athens GREECE

K. V. Petrides

Behavioral genetics of trait EI Vernon, Petrides, Bratko, & Shermer, J. A. (2008); Emotion

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI and big five – Genetic analysis

Vernon, Villani, Aitken Schermer, & Petrides, 2008; TRHG

N E O A C

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait EI and humor styles – Genetic analysisV

ern

on e

t al

., 20

09;

JID

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Gender differences in trait EI

TEIQue data; N = 351; p = ns

• Overall, small or non-existent gender differences in global trait EI scores.

Modified EQ-i data; N = 166; p < .01

TEIQue-SF data; N = 668; p < .01 Schutte et al. scale data; N = 260; p = ns

Pet

rid

es, F

urn

ham

, & M

arti

n (

2004

); N

= 2

24;

JSP

K. V. Petrides

Incremental validity of trait EIN = 200

N = 212; Spain

Pet

ride

s, P

érez

, & F

urnh

am, 2

007;

C &

E

Trait SI - Definition

• The domain of SI lacks the objectivity required to be amenable to maximum-performance measurement.

• Trait SI (or trait social self-efficacy) is a constellation of social self-perceptions located at the lower levels of hierarchical personality structures.

K. V. Petrides

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

The sampling domain of trait SI• Sampling domain:

Negotiating Perspective taking

Communicative anxiety

Networking Savoir vivre

Social forecasting

Social relationships

Social confidence

Social attentiveness

Managing others

Understanding others

Social desirability

Teamwork/cooperation

Social adaptability

Social interest/social empathy

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

Trait Social Intelligence Questionnaire (v. 1.5)

(TSIQue & TSIQue-SF)

All versions and forms available free for research purposes

• Internal consistencies are high at all levels.

• Factor structure– 15 facets– 3 factors (Social acting, Social

thinking, Social relating)– Global trait SI

October 2009, NTU Taipei

K. V. Petrides

The trait intelligences research program

International linksUK, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, India, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain.

Current & past funding bodiesESRC

Nuffield Foundation

British Academy

University of London

wwwwww.psychometriclab.com

Research divisionsPsychometric

Educational

Industrial/Organizational

Child/Human Development

Behavioral Genetic

StudentsPhD: E. Cole

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, MPhil

October 2009, NTU Taipei