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11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Earth’s Motion Around the Sun• The Moon orbits the Earth, but at the same time, the
Earth-Moon system orbits the Sun.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Earth’s Orbit• The path of Earth’s orbit is an ellipse.
• Earth is closest to the Sun in January.
• Earth is farthest from the Sun in July.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Earth’s Orbit Continued• Earth is closest to the Sun in January.
• Earth is farthest from the Sun in July.
Earth’s Rotation• Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours.
• The rotation causes day and night.
• Earth’s axis of rotation is 23.5° tilted to the plane of orbit around the Sun.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
The Moon—Earth’s Satellite• Earth has one moon revolving around it.
• A satellite is an object that revolves around a planet.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Formation of the Moon• Scientists think that the Moon formed when another large
object collided with Earth.
• A large amount of matter was ejected into space in the collision.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Formation of the Moon (cont.)
• The material eventually formed the Moon.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
The Motion of the Moon• Gravitational force between Earth and the Moon causes
the Moon to orbit the Earth.
• The Moon rotates on its axis once every 28 days.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
The Motion of the Moon (cont.)
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Phases of the Moon• The Moon reflects sunlight.
• As the Moon travels around Earth, the illuminated portion changes.
• The different appearances of the Moon are called lunar phases.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Eclipses• An eclipse is a total or partial blocking of a star , planet,
or moon by a different one.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
• There are two types of eclipses:
– Lunar
– Solar
Lunar Eclipses• A lunar eclipse occurs when a portion of the Moon is
shaded from direct sunlight by Earth.
• During a lunar eclipse, Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon when the Moon is full.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Solar Eclipses• For a total solar eclipse on Earth, there must be perfect alignment of the Moon
and the Sun.
• The Moon casts a small shadow on Earth.
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Lesson 2 Review
When is Earth farthest from the Sun?A JanuaryB AprilC JulyD October
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Lesson 2 Review
What is the phase of the Moon called when it is fully illuminated?A new moonB full moonC blue moonD harvest moon
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Lesson 2 Review
The light from the moon is produced by ____.A the Moon itselfB EarthC the SunD satellites
11.2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
End of Lesson 2
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
inner planetouter planet
The Inner Planets• The inner planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and
Mars.
• All are rocky in composition.
• All are within 1.5 AUs of the Sun.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
The Inner Planets (cont.)
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Mercury• Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.
• Mercury has a highly elliptical orbit and travels faster than any other planet.
• Surface temperatures often reach 467°C.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Venus• Venus is the second planet from the Sun.
• Venus is similar to Earth in size, mass, composition, and distance from the Sun.
• Venus is covered by thick clouds of carbon dioxide.
• Venus is often the brightest object in the sky except for the Moon.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Earth• Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
• Earth is the only body in our solar system known to have life on it.
• Earth’s atmosphere affects the climate, shields the surface from harmful radiation, and burns up most meteoroids before they strike the surface.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Mars• Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.
• Mars has two small moons, Phobos and Deimos.
• Mars may once have had flowing water.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
The Outer Planets• The outer planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune,
Uranus, and Pluto.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Jupiter• Jupiter is the largest planet in our
solar system.
• Jupiter’s composition of mostly hydrogen and helium and resembles a small star.
• Jupiter is the first planet from the Sun to have rings.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Jupiter (cont.)
• Jupiter has more than 60 moons; the four largest are Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Saturn• Saturn is composed mostly of hydrogen and helium.
• Saturn’s rings are composed mainly of ice and rock.
• Saturn has over 30 known moons, the largest is Titan.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Uranus• Uranus is a blue-green gas planet that rotates on its
side.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Uranus (cont.)
• Uranus has 27 known moons and a series of small rings.
• The atmosphere is mainly hydrogen and helium.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Neptune• Neptune was the first planet located by theoretical
predictions rather than through ordinary observations.
• Neptune has 13 known moons and several rings.
• Neptune’s atmosphere is mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Pluto• Pluto is the smallest and most distant of the planets.
• Pluto might be composed of a rocky core surrounded by ice.
• Pluto takes 248 years to complete one revolution around the Sun.
• Pluto has one moon, Charon, that is about the same size as Pluto.
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Lesson 3 Review
Which of the following is NOT one of the inner planets? A MarsB JupiterC VenusD Earth
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Lesson 3 Review
Which planet is unique in the position of its axis of rotation?A JupiterB SaturnC MercuryD Uranus
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
Lesson 3 Review
The outer planets are composed mostly of ____. A gasesB rocksC glaciersD dust
11.3 The Planets and Their Moons
End of Lesson 3
11.4 Asteroids, Comets and Meteoroids
asteroidcometmeteoroid
Asteroids• Asteroids are rocky objects, smaller than a planet, found
between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• There are hundreds of thousands of asteroids in the solar system.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Asteroids (cont.)
• Asteroids are thought to be leftover material from the formation of the solar system.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Comets• A comet is a small, icy body in orbit around the Sun.
• Some comets have highly elliptical orbits bringing them close to the Sun.
• The solid part of a comet is called the nucleus and is made of icy material.
• The comet also contains dust, frozen gases, and bits of rock.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Comets (cont.)
• When a comet passes near the Sun, the gases are vaporized forming a tail.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Comets (cont.)
• Short-period comets take less than 200 years to orbit the Sun and are highly predictable.
• Long-period comets have orbits that take more than 200 years to complete.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
A Tenth Planet?• In 2005, scientists detected an object larger than Pluto
and gave it the temporary name of 2003 UB313.
• Nicknamed Xena, it is undecided whether this object is a planet or not.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Meteoroids• Meteoroids are solid, interplanetary particles passing
through Earth’s atmosphere.
• A meteor is the streak of light seen in the sky produced by a meteorite.
• A meteorite is the remaining portion of the meteoroid that reaches Earth’s surface.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Meteoroids (cont.)
• Most scientists think that meteoroids came from planets that broke apart during the formation of our solar system.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Impact Craters on Earth• Most meteoroids burn up in the atmosphere.
• Some large meteors produce impact craters, such as the Barringer Crater in Arizona.
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Lesson 4 Review
A meteoroid that strikes the surface of the Earth is called a(n) ____.A asteroidB meteorC cometD meteorite
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Lesson 4 Review
What protects Earth from most meteoroids?A oceansB the atmosphereC the MoonD Mars
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
Lesson 4 Review
Where are most of the asteroids in the solar system found?A between Jupiter and SaturnB Saturn’s ringsC between Mars and JupiterD Kuiper Belt
11.4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids
End of Lesson 4
Chapter Assessment
California Standards Practice
Concepts in Motion
Image Bank
Science Online
Chapter Resources Menu
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.
Which planet has the two moons, Phobos and Deimos?A MercuryB MarsC JupiterD Neptune
Chapter Assessment 1
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth is in the Moon’s shadow.A TrueB False
Chapter Assessment 2
What is the phase of the Moon called when no part of it is illuminated? A full moonB black moonC harvest moonD new moon
Chapter Assessment 3
How many planets in our solar system are known to have had life?A 1B 2C 3D none of the above
Chapter Assessment 4
Which of the following summarizes Kepler’s third law of planetary motion?A Planets spin faster as they get closer to the Sun.B The farther a planet is from the Sun, the
longer it takes to complete one orbit.C Planets travel faster when they are closer to the Sun.D Planets travel in an elliptical orbit around
the Sun.
Chapter Assessment 5
Who discovered the 4 largest moons of Jupiter?A KeplerB NewtonC CopernicusD Galileo
CA Standards Practice 1
SCI 4.e
What is the closest outer planet to the Sun? A MercuryB JupiterC MarsD Saturn
CA Standards Practice 2
SCI 4.e
Which of the following consists of a frozen ball of rock?A a cometB an asteroidC a meteorD Mars
CA Standards Practice 3
SCI 4.e
What is the third planet from the Sun?A VenusB MarsC EarthD Titan
CA Standards Practice 4
SCI 4.e
What force keeps the Earth orbiting the Sun? A the magnetic field of EarthB the Moon’s gravityC the Sun’s gravityD the rotation of Earth on its axis
CA Standards Practice 5
SCI 2.g
Concepts in Motion 1
Image Bank
Image Bank
End of Resources
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