knowledge = information + context
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Folie 1
Knowledge = Information in Context:
on the Importance of Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana
Prof. Dr. Stefan GradmannHumboldt-Universitt zu Berlin / School of Library and Information Sciencestefan.gradmann@ibi.hu-berlin.de
Overview
Europeana: To Which End?
Knowledge: a Challenging Concept
DIKW / DIKT in Practice: Take Five
Europeana in the DIKT Continuum
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana
From 'Connecting' to 'Thinking'
Europeana: to Which End?
A first approximation
Europeana.eu is about ideas and inspiration. It links you to 6
million digital items.
(http://www.europeana.eu/portal/aboutus.html)
Evokes conceptualisation, reasoning,
semantics
but on its own remains too vague and imprecise to capture the
functionalpotential of an endeavour that has
too often been characterised in termsof sheer quantity!
Europeana: to Which End?
Opening Statement
Europeana is much more than a machine for mechanical accumulation of object representations!
One of its characteristics will be to enable the generation of knowledge pertaining to culture!
The rest of the paper deals with
the implications of this initial statement in terms of information science;
the way we technically prepare to implement the necessary data structures and functionality;
the semantic functionality Europeana will offer using these elements to go well beyond the 'traditional' digital library paradigm.
Knowledge: a Challenging Concept too challenging for some
There are thing[sic!] we know that we know. There are known
unknowns. That is to say there are things that we now know we don't
know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we
don't know we don't know. So when we do the best we can and we pull
all this information together, and we then say well that's
basically what we see as the situation, that is really only the
known knowns and the known unknowns. And each year, we discover a
few more of those unknown unknowns.
Donald Rumsfeld on analysis on intelligence information, 6th June
2002
No consensual definition but a hierarchical continuum
(DIKW)
Where is the Life we have lost in living?
Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?
Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?
(T.S. Eliot, "The Rock", Faber & Faber 1934)
Information Science has added Data to the hierarchy
DIKW: A Closer Look (1)
The stages are not discreet but form a continuum! No binary transitions!
Data
discrete, atomistic, small portions of 'givens' without inherent structure or necessary relationship between them.
Data have no meaning in themselves.
Phonetical level in linguistics
Information
Data + patterns
Meaningful data
Phonological / lexical level in linguistics
DIKW: A Closer Look (2)
Knowledge
Information as part of a context and useful in this context
Social or semantic context
Contextualisation enables (simple!) interpolative and deterministic reasoning.
Syntactic level in linguistics
Wisdom, facets of (Rowley & Slack, 2008)
is embedded in or exhibited through action;
sophisticated and sensitive use of knowledge;
is exhibited through decision making;
exercise of judgement in complex real-life situations;
requires consideration of ethical and social considerations;
builds on intuition, communication, and trust.
DIKW DIKT
Reduce complexity!
Replace the rich but diffuse concept 'wisdom' with 'thinking'
Mental activity we cannot (entirely) confer to machines
Non-deterministic
Semantic level in linguistics (wisdom would probably be on pragmatic level)
DIKW DIKT
DIKT: a Visualisation (1)
DIKT: a Visualisation (2)
DIKT: a Visualisation (3)
DIKT: a Visualisation (3)
DIKT in Practice:
(Very dirty) data
DIKT in Practice:
Data + Pattern: Information
DIKT in Practice:
Information + Context: Knowledge
..., 1941, 1943,
, 1947, 1949, ...
1939 -
DIKT in Practice: Take Five
... and creative thinking
http://itunes.apple.com/de/album/dave-brubecks-greatest-hits/id157427923
Europeana in the DIKT Continuum
Definitely not a huge data agglomeration (even though building on one)!
Neither a huge information repository (even though building on many of them, again)!
High volume aggregation of digital representations of cultural artefacts together with rich contextualisation data and embedded in a Linked Open Data architecture.
Enabling knowledge generation
and maybe even speculative thinking
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana: Class Model Context
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana: Property Model Context
Basic Object RepresentationModeling using Classes and Properties
Semantic Contextualisation
in Europeana
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana
And all this ends up in a huge datacloud: Linked Open Data
5
Europeana
An Example: Thoughtlab (1)
An Example (2)
The Datacloud Behind the
Example
An Example (3)
An Example (4)
An Example (5)
An Example (6)
An Example (7)
Adam & Eve
Conclusion:
from 'Connecting' to 'Thinking'
Thank you for your patience and attention!
And this transition in turn positions Europeana nicely in the DIKT continuum!
Europeana enables a crucial transition (as illustrated in its changing logos!)
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in Context
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
Poznan, Polish Digital Libraries Conference, 09-12-2009
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