knowledge management, dss, expert system
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Basic Concepts
Management Information Systems
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Agenda
IT and business
IT enabled Organization
Data Information and Knowledge
Discussion of Carrs Case
Development of MIS definition
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Why to invest in IT
Operational excellence
New products, services and business models
Customer and supplier intimacy
Improved Decision making
Competitive Advantage
Survival
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Framework for MIS
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Organization
Organizations are coalitions of shifting interestgroups that develop goals by negotiation; thestructure of the coalition, its activities, and itsoutcomes are strongly influenced by
environmental factors. OPEN SYSTEM
Input: Men, Materials, Money, Machines,Information
Output: Goods and Services
Middle: Resources are transformed to create asurplus (PROFIT)
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Every Organization has 3 parts:1. people: (workers, supervisors, consultants, engineers,
superintendents, etc.)
2. Tasks: the operations (paint, fix, print, compress, etc.)
3. Management: Planning, Organizing, leading, controllingthe performance of people engaged in the tasks
Management includes: arranging, conductingdiscussions and meetings during whichdecisions are made about how work would be
done.
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IT enabled companies
Agile Company
Highly responsive companies
Agility comes by making customers perceive
their products and solutions as solution to
customers individual problems.Agility comes by collaboration and cooperation.
Agility comes by expecting and being ready for
change
Agility comes by leveraging people and theirknowledge
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IT enabled companies
Virtual Company
A virtual company uses the Internet, intranets,
and extranets to form virtual workgroups and
support alliances with business partners.
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Data vs. Information
Data: raw facts
Information: collection of facts organized insuch a way that they have value beyond thefacts themselves
Raw data is rarely meaningful or useful asinformation.
To become information, data is manipulated
through tabulation, statistical analysis, or anyother operation that leads to greaterunderstanding of a situation
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Table 1.1
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Types of Information
Descriptive information What is.?
Diagnostic information What is wrong
.?
Predictive informationWhat would happen if.?
Prescriptive informationWhat should be done.?
Goals
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Attributes of Information
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Components of Information Systems
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Why Information System
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Goals of Information Systems
Support of
StrategicAdvantage
Support ofManagerial
Decision Making
Support ofBusiness Operations
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Components
Computer hardware platforms: Mainframes,Client machines and server machines.
Operating system platforms: Software thatmanage resources and activities of thecomputer and act as an interface for the user.Windows operating Systems, UNIX/Linux(servers)
Enterprise and other software applications:
SAP, Oracle and PeopleSoft
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Components (contd..)
Data management and storage: Databasemanagement software and storage devicesinclude traditional storage methods, such asdisk arrays and tape libraries, Oracle, DB2 etc.
Networking and telecommunications platforms:Windows server operating systems, Novell,Linux, and UNIX. Nearly all LAN and manyWANs use the TCP/IP standards for
networking.
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Internet platforms: The hardware, software andservices to maintain corporate Web sites,intranets, and extranets, including Web hostingservices and Web software applicationdevelopment tools.
Consulting and system integration services arerelied on for integrating a firms legacy systemswith new technology and infrastructure andproviding expertise in implementing new
infrastructure along with relevant changes inbusiness processes, training and softwareintegration.
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IT Infrastructure ecosystem
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Software program: Series of statements orinstructions to the computer
1. System software: Generalized programs,
manages computers resources
2. Application software: Programs written toperform functions specified by end users
The Major Types of Software
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Software Review
Enterprise Software is
Application Software
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Enterprise softwareEnterprise software
Set of integrated modules for major businessfunctions
Allows data to be used by multiple functions and
business processes
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MiddlewareAllows two disparate applications to communicate toexchange data
Web server
Manages requests for Web pages on the computerwhere they are stored
Software for Enterprise Integration
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Enterprise application integrationEnterprise application integration
softwaresoftware
Ties together multiple applications to supportenterprise integration
Software for Enterprise Integration
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TechnologyDr
ivers of IT Inf
rast
ructu
re
Moores Law 2x18, $/2-18
Law of Mass Digital Storage 2x/yr
Metcalfs Law network power/value increaseexponentially with new users (The number of possible cross-connections in a network grow as the square of thenumber of computers in the network increases. )
Declining Communication Costs as costs decline,
users increase
Standards and Network Effects standards reducecosts, increase productivity
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Integrating of computing and telecom platforms
Blending multiple types of clients to function withthe big stuff (PDA, telephones, etc. with network
systems Grid Computing
Connecting geographically separated computersto form higher level computing
Make use of excess capacity
Hardware Trends
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Utility computing (on-demand)
Switch workload to remote, off-load processing
Led by IBM & HP who created centers
Autonomic Computing
Computers configure, optimize and tunethemselves, heal themselves and protect fromoutside invasion
Hardwa
re T
rends
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Edge Computing
For web-based applications
Handles site content, logic and processing at less
expensive servers near users. Advantages:
Costs lowered
Service levels enhanced
Flexibility without major changes to system
Takes burden off main systems
Hardware Trends
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Hardware Trends
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a general term for anythingthat involves delivering hosted services over theInternet. These services are broadly dividedinto three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Thename cloud computing was inspired by the
cloud symbol that's often used to represent theInternet in flowcharts and diagrams.
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Knowledge
Information is processed data, knowledge isinformation in its applicable form.
Knowledge is a process. It is dynamic, personaland distinctly different from data (discrete,unstructured symbols) and information (amedium for explicit communication).
Knowledge Management concerns how theorganization best can nurture, leverage and
motivate people to improve and share theircapacity to act.
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Knowledge Management System
Making personal knowledge available to others
is the central activity of the knowledge creating
company.
It takes place continuously and at all levels of
the organization .
Many companies are building knowledgemanagement systems (KMS) to manageorganizational learning and business know-
how.
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Knowledge Management System
The goal of such systems is to help knowledgeworkers create, organize, and make availableimportant business knowledge, wherever andwhenever its needed in an organization.
This information includes processes,procedures, patents, reference works, formulas,best practices, forecasts, and fixes.
Knowledge management systems also facilitate
organizational learning and knowledge creation.
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What is MIS
MIS (management information systems) is ageneral term for the computer systems in anenterprise that provide information about itsbusiness operations.
Management Information Systems (MIS) is thestudy of people, technology, and organizationsand the relationships among them.
An organized approach to the study of the
information needs of an organization'smanagement at every level in makingoperational, tactical, and strategic decisions.
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Objective
Its objective is to design and implementprocedures, processes, and routines thatprovide suitably detailed reports in an accurate,consistent, and timely manner.
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Advantages of Management
It Facilitates planning
It Minimizes Information Overload
It Encourages Decentralization
It Brings Co-ordination
It makes control easier
It assembles, process , stores , Retrieves ,
evaluates and Disseminates the information
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