kuliah skb.pdf
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ANALISIS PROSES DAN
ALIRAN MATERIAL
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Kebutuhan Data dalam Tata Letak
Frekuensi perjalanan atau aliran material dari satudepartemen ke departemen lainnya
Bentuk dan ukuran suatu departemen
Ketersediaan ruangan (luas lantai)
Lokasi khusus untuk suatu departemen
Penyesuaian antar suatu departemen
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Possible Flow Patterns
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Tipe Layout (Tata Letak)
Product layout
Process layout
Fixed-position layout
Group-technology layout
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Types of Departments/LayoutsVolume
High
Medium
Low
Low Medium High Variety
Product
Department
Fixed Materials
Location
Department
Process
Department
Product
Family
Department
Product
Layout
Fixed Location
Layout
Group Technology
Layout
Process
Layout
Source: John S. Usher class notes
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Product Layout
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Product Layouts
L
L
L L
L M
M
M
DD
D
DG
G
G
G A
A
Product C Department
Product A Department
P
P
P
Product B Department
A
Shipping
Department
R
eceiving
Department
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Process layout
TM
TM TM
TM
DM
DM
DM
VMM VMM BM BM
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Process Layout
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
LM
M
M
M
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
G
G
G
G
G
G
A A AReceiving andShipping Assembly
Painting Department
Lathe DepartmentMilling
Department Drilling Department
GrindingDepartment
P
P
Source: John S. Usher class notes
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Aliran Material pada Process Layouts
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
LM
M
M
M
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
G
G
G
G
G
G
A A AReceiving andShipping Assembly
Painting Department
Lathe Department MillingDepartment Drilling Department
GrindingDepartment
P
P
Source: Russell & Taylor, 2007
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Group technology layout
TM
TM
TM
TM
DM
DM
DM
VMM
VMM
BMBM
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Product Family (Cellular) Layout
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
LM
M
M
M
D D
DD
D
D
D
G
G
G G
G
G
AA
Receiving andShipping
SpecialDepartment
RotationalPartsCell
P
P
RectangularParts
Cell
Source: John S. Usher class notes
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A Manufacturing Cell
Key:
S = Saw
L = Lathe
HM = Horizontal milling machine
VM = Vertical mill ing machineG = Grinder
Paths of three
workers moving
within cell
Material
movement
In Out
Worker 1
Worker 2
Worker 3
Directionofpartmov
ementwithincell
S
L
HM
VM
G
VM
L
Finalinspection
Finishedpart
Source: John S. Usher class notes
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Project (Fixed-Position) Layout
L
L
L
L
M
D DD
G
G G
G
A
A
Receiving andShipping
P
Storage
Storage
Source: John S. Usher class notes
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Karakteristik Umum
Characteris
tic
Produ
ct
Process Product
Family
Project
Throughput Time Low High Low Medium
Work in process Low High Low MediumSkill Level Choice High Med-High Mixed
Product Flexibility Low High Med-High High
Demand Flexibility Medium High Medium Medium
Mach Utilization High Med-Low Medium-High Medium
Worker Utilization High High High Medium
Reliability Can be
low
High High Medium
Unit production
cost
Low High Low High
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Automated Manufacturing Cell
Source: John S. Usher class notes
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Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Pengoperasian mesin dan perubahan tool dilakukan
secara otomatis
Material handling otomaits, dengan kontrol komputer
Ukuran part yang diproses tertentu
Dapat membuat part dengan variasi yang banyak
dalam waktu yang cepat
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Qualitative flow data
Diagram Hubungan/kedekatan A absolutely necessary
E especially important
I important
O ordinary
U unimportant X undesirable
Rating A. E, I, O, U and X (dalam persen) A 2-5%
E 3-10%
I 5-15% O 10-25%
U 25-60%
X depends
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Qualitative flow data
Kode warna
A Merah
E Oranye atau kunig I Hijau
O Biru
U Tidak berwarna X Coklat
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Contoh : Diagram Kedekatan
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Quantitative flow data
From-to frequency of trips matrix (FTC)
From\To 1 2 3 4
1 -- 10 15 202 -- 10 5
3 -- 5
4 --
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Pengukuran Jarak
Euclidean
Squared Euclidean
Rectilinear
Tchebychev
Aisle distance
Adjacency
Shortest Path
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Euclidean, Squared Euclidean, Rectilinear
and Tchebychev
Facility i
Facilityj
(xj,yj)
(xi,yi)
|yi-yj|
|xi-xj|
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Aisle Distance, Adjacency and Shortest
Path
Facility i
Facilityj
d
a
Facilityk
b
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Kriteria Evaluasi Layout
cij cost of moving a unit load of material unit distance
between departments iandj
fij number of loads or trips required between
departments iandj dij distance between departments iandj
ij ij ij
i j
c f d
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Tools for presenting layout design
Drawings
Templates
Three-dimensional physical models
CAD models
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Drawings
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Template
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CAD drawing
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