land ownership and the coming of the railroad … · abstract resumo a central question of...

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LAND OWNERSHIP AND THE COMING OF THE RAILROAD TO THE AMERICAN MIDWEST, 1850-60PROPRIEDADE DA TERRA E O IMPACTO DA CHEGADA DO CAMINHO DE FERRO AO MIDWEST AMERICANO, 1850-60

Jeremy Atack (U. Vanderbilt, USA EUA)

Robert Margo (U. Boston, USA EUA)

The authors are, respectively, Professor of Economics and History, Vanderbilt University, and Research As-

sociate, National Bureau of Economic Research; Professor of Economics, Boston University, and Research

Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research

Jeremy Atack é Professor de Economia e História, Universidade de Vanderbilt (EUA) e investigador asso-

ciado, NBER National Bureau of Economic Research (EUA).

Robert Mago é Professor de Economia, Universidade de Boston, e investigador associado, NBER National

Bureau of Economic Research (EUA).

Abstract ResumoA central question of nineteenth century American economic history which has pre-

occupied scholars as diverse as Simon Kuznets, Peter Lindert and Jeffrey William-

son is whether economic development was accompanied by increasing inequality.

In this paper we study a particular indicator of economic inequality – the incidence

of land ownership among adult men – and its relationship to a putative causal factor

in nineteenth American growth – the so-called Transportation Revolution, focusing

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We will revise the earlier draft and also make use of a newer version of the trans-

portation database that contains distance-adjusted measures of rail access – for

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railroad. Preliminary analysis indicates that the new measures are better indicators

of rail access than the dummy variable indicator used in our earlier work.

Uma questão fundamental da história económica do século XIX, que tem preocupa-

do investigadores tão diversos como Simon Kuznets, Peter Lindert e Jeffrey

Railroads in historical context: construction, costs and consequences

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Williamson, é se o desenvolvimento económico foi acompanhado por uma desi-

gualdade crescente. Neste trabalho estuda-se um indicador de desigualdade – a

incidência da propriedade da terra entre homens adultos – e a sua relação putativa

com um factor causa do crescimento americano no século dezanove – a chamada

1"8*'09:*).* )),1&+ !*1," 5)#*4);+/& ") *<1")&)=0" ,:*)" !"#$%#&).&).$/0 :*).* )

caminhos de ferro.

Faz-se uma revisão de uma análise anterior e usa-se uma nova versão de uma

base de dados sobre transportes que usa medidas de distancias ajustadas pela

facilidade de acesso ao caminho de ferro - por exemplo, a fração de terrenos de

um concelho que se encontram a uma certa distancia da linha de caminho de ferro.

Os resultados obtidos indicam que as novas medidas são melhores indicadores do

acesso ao caminho de ferro do que os indicadores anteriormente usados.

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Land Ownership and the Coming of the

Railroad to the American Midwest, 1850-60

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Railroads in historical context: construction, costs and consequences

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A2=6'(!>2(!)'=!,2!)2;'!G?!,8'!-6(9.GA,G(-A!A-<<'(0!-=<!:2)'!=';'(!)-<'!9,!,2!,8'!

,2?!(G=60!S=!,89:!J-*0!2G(!-=-A*:9:!:82J:!82J!-!>G=<-)'=,-A!-=<!>-(!('-.89=6!

,'.8=2A269.-A!.8-=6'!T!,8'!<9>>G:92=!2>!,8'!(-9A(2-<!T!J-:!-!>-.,2(!3'89=<!,8'!

QGF=',:!.G(;'!9=!,8'!+)'(9.-=!.-:'4

Railroads in historical context: construction, costs and consequences

"d\!

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Social Science History!%\]$^k!"d"U"`d4

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!"d#

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Supplemented by Pertinent Data from Other Sources4!L-:89=6,2=00!Z2;,4!C(9=,4!H>>4

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Railroads in historical context: construction, costs and consequences

"db!

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the United States and Canada4!+==!+(32(0!59.840!?(9=,'<!>2(!,8'!K-,92=-A!1-9AJ-*!

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Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters!"d]C-(,!"^k!$\dU

$d\4

C89AA9?:0!YA(9.8!a2=='AA!]"`I_^4!A History of Transportation in the Eastern Cotton Belt to

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!"!#$%&'()*%+%,-.!"'%&/%0("1-

!"dd

7-*A2(0!Z'2(6'!126'(:!]"`#"^4!The Transportation Revolution 1815-18600!B2A,0!19='8-(,!{!

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L-:89=6,2=0!Y4!M4!Z2;,4!?(9=,4!2>>4

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Property, &C.,) in 1860 : Compiled from the Original Returns and Being the Final

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h2(/0!K4h40!K2()-=!12::!CG3A4

Y=9,'<!M,-,':4!N'=:G:!H>V.'4!-=<!&4!N4!Z4!Q'=='<*!]"_b$^4!Preliminary Report on the

Eighth Census, 18604!L-:89=6,2=0!Z2;'(=)'=,!C(9=,9=6!H>V.'4

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]"```^4!K-,92=-A!L-,'(J-*!K',J2(/0!Y4M4!+()*!N2(?:!2>!O=69=''(:!K-;96-,92=!W-,-!

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Works of Internal Communication4!C89A-<'A?89-0!R9??9=.2,,0!Z(-)32!{!N24

L9AA9-):2=0!&'>>('*!Z4!]"`d\^4!Late Nineteenth-Century American Development : A General

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C(2A',-(9-=9F-,92=pD!Agricultural History!b$]%^k!"_$U$I`4