language and immanence in hamann
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X R
EIGHTEE TH ND NINETEE TH E TURY
GERMAN PHILO OPHY
E:NERAL
E IT R
f YU J I \ r u On
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Gr d t.· F ..,oIl \ P h i l ( , p l i ~ · .Juurnal
\ Hlultll
. -;-.
: oiulilher: .
: t,(J()
Language and Immanence in Hamann
Katie Terezakis
J.G.
Hamann 0730-1788)
is
usually the
wild
card
in scholarly discus
sion. of
linguistic philosophy, romantic aesthetics,
and
radical thaol
ogy,
played
as
hist.orical corroboration
when
the character
of
the
theory
under consideration
can
be
made independently
manifest.
Hamann s
playfully obscure style
has
not repelled
this
tendency.
Bu t Hamann
is
not only n provocateur,
not
on'y
the
orig1nator of a primitive but legiti
mat£ critiqut
of
Kantianism
that he
leaves
for
others
to d£'velop.
Hamann
designs eln
exceptional
theory
of
meaning that
resist5 contem
porary
designative-representative
and invocative-expressivt oppo i
tional c1as;;ifications. With
an
epistemological position
tempered
by his
idiosyncratic religious sensibility. Hamann begins to account for
the
constitutive,
discriminating,
clarifying,
and
evocative
features
of lan
guage,
and a rgues that established spoken and wri tt en l anguages
bould be underMood
as e lements of
symbolic form
and
action in gen
er l
Likewise,
Hamann
is closely concerned with
the
contextual social.
rhetorical. and grammatical activit ies in which
meaning
i.
transmit
ted:
all
of
which
justifies his ancestral
claim in modern expressivism,
Yet
Hamann
also places
the
literal
meanings
of
linguistic
terms
onto
a hierarchical
ladder of ascending orders, whereby
anegor)'.
metaphor,
and normative' :-;tandards
are
extended from
th e
Hteral
and
must be
understood in
term of
their
primary, l it eral meanings . Many of
Hamann :
claim.
about the correlations between signs
and
things are
consistent with
key
dements of later truth-conditional thporie
of
meaning. With this range, Hamann does not so much anticipate twenti
eth-cent
ur:--
de
hates about the
expressive
or designative
primacy of lan
guage
as
provide a densely packed account of
the
condition. for theoriz
ing about l n ~ g
and
meaning. In his contemporaries debate. about
the cithe'r divine
or human
origin of language,
Hamann
identifies many
of the
same issues
that
characterize
present-day
interest
in
the
princi
pal
mechanism of meaningful communication.
We , hould
therefore
reconsider
the gruund
on which Hamann redefine the notion of lin
guistic origin<ltion.
and
on which
he then distinguishes his
position
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frum crit ical idealism
appropriat Ion of
till'
('IIIlCl'pt
I l l
: I l r J ~ l a l , \
g l'ound f
rat ional and moral
g - e n c ~ .
ondes ension
H mann'
critical nterprise rests upon
thl:' nol illn 01 di,'ilW conde,.;cen
'j n
IHCl llfllalas wI/UJ
th e
idea
thal Beinl-{
iii proPI. r1y
unlh'l',.;tlllJd a
c n . equence o f
God's
i
nexpl icahle
s ( I l ~ n c g a t i o l l or Sl l I ~ r l d ud ion i1\ l ' I '( '
ation. The traditional notion
of
condc 'icen:;iun 11l1taiIs th(' l'lIllclu ion
that the creation l:ommemorall; ; R
pnmary
IntiS (,r withdrawal of'divin
ity, rat .her thl ln divil1l' nwgnitic('nce (,r crefltivl: ' ahundancl ' , To
Hamann',.;
Luthl'rom pred ('l·,.; nr,.;. thl' lite(
of'the
worlcl' 'i l:dlt'IHH''';s and
it s enduring k('/llltit:
Jill'('('
I' 'pl\'''l'nt
thcolog:cal
truth;;; 1111
I
bll1ann,
thl'
, '( 'r.\ ' idl';l
11
l tJndl''';('I'II illll
-U J\'(. ' l ' I.-
tl1l'ull,g,\
as
I) ,vlllol'onic,
Human
IIIg-inti
,md
discursl\ I' pJ'al'lil'I'''; n ; l l l d 111 (;lId nil\' ' :1 distinc
tive
{tll ' l l l in Hamann, hu t on(:
thaI
Iwlil' I
I ll
1',llil'I',t1 ;'''Illidl'lll'e con
veyed in
theoluhricalexpositioll,
Though Hamalill n'll);lIn ;111 l'lItlHlSi:ls
ti c
P i e t i ~ t aftPl' hi s t:Jotl,rious London COn\ t °,;iOllo L'lllbraci ng IhL ('harge
of
Sell carmen ;
wilh obviuus pl<:asurl'.
hi,,,
utilizatidn of' thl' (,Olll'l'pt of
condescensiun i intentiunally
cpistemolog'icaL Th('
Iill'k III cOlllpletion
that marks
uur
ulldl'rstanding
or
lb · world tl·lI:-
us
:'iollwthillg about
th e
fitn(',.;s 01
th e
hunwn mind
f<lr
C O I l l I J l ( l l l ~ n s i \ l intellL-t'l la l com
m
nd:
it
tl ll,.;
LIS l',,;sl'ntially
nothing
ahout llw
world.
01 (; 0, heyond
this
limitation, Humann adds to thl'
lrlldition;t1 discour ;l' un l P n c l l ~ c n -
sion
by
l o w i n ~ th
t
while t he cause 01
tIll' cllnHI <liut l'ann l bl' con
clusively
gr3spl'd.
it
s hows up
pl l'ci,.;ely
when'
I-JOsiti ....e l'Ialln
turn
back
upon them:-;el\'e,;, failing to reach a
cohl'n llt
unucl'standing of the
world I'
hidden
w rkings hu t returning to a linguistic ~ o r t l a y a l of
the a tt emp t. Afl.er
almust thirty ~ l a r s
01 lIlHinlaining this position,
Hamann
puts
it
; ; u l c i n c t l ~
in <tn April 17,-1/ I('ttl' ' tu .J;\l'lIbi: \\'hal
you
c JI
R ;lIg,
I would rather
name t he
W )rd,
Fo r
Hamann,
th e
n
tion
01
divine
cOlld ,,;(;c'nsil lI
leads
Ilut only
to
th e conclusion that we cannot kllow (iod 01 '
haH'
a
rich
conlprehensi n
of bi s worb, but that
our
,.;cemingly /j'lIiLless ,.;tri\'ings fill that aware
ne
f produce th e
:-;tulT 01 iI peculiar arbitratiol1, In
tb e
g-ult' I>ptween
human being an d i ts cause. we
find
only lncl cCl' l->isly i l rel1l'Ction of
urselves. Yet in £'l1visagin' ( \ ( ~ r : - 1 . h i n g Ub,lut th(' di\'ine in l (' l'ms of
th e hum n, we n{'\ ('rtheless conceive of
;1
br'lIlg who,.;e l'SSI'Il('l; d )es
ent
il
it s exi
-tenct': Itlnguagl'
itself',
TIlt
natural
\\odd, it...; ,;Ilurce,
inhabitant· , and haPIJl'nings t1ppear
tll
t 1 1 l ~ human
I hillkl'1' a a kind of
langu
ge ; what is
nwterialize:-;
a
:->Ign.
H I I l ~ a d y tUl 'ned toward
thought.
As
Hamann
writes
in 77:2:
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TEHEZ.\I<tS/I,f
GE
r\'l. / .\'lhll1g
dl\ II1C , , , is al.'lI hun an: bVGtll:'l'
n
hu 11.1 :
.. , ,
,:,\1
I l l ' l l lwr .teL n,)I' , ul' l'er excepl h,
H ~ d , , g - y
UJ ih nJlIlre , I f I
( , II/IIIIIIUI lIli
II' 11\'ine
and human 1<l1I IIU l11i1
I: ' ;
i l ' , , ' ' ' ' : ,, ,
1,1\\ :Ind pril1l'ipll'
k :,I' of
:t1I ur ]i.l1o\\'ll·dge and
l.hl' l Il1
I , ' ; :,
( \ (11 1'1111 \
By
hegillning
with the sclf-diminllLllln ul'
Ge,d
LIs
Lhl'
gnlund or :- 1
tent:l ,
Hamann
initialc':,; U radic:all,v itnlll<lIll.'1\t pm;ltioll
O il
lhl.: ..,t' ,,,' 1\
hun an kilt/wi 'dg-l', Jnsoliu' a:
l I t ·
1:.1VC all. 1 · \ p ~ n l . : n L L
IH'
kn'/wl 'dg-'
01
il , Li ing
ll)Htlil't',H
a:- '\ limited
SU'Uttllre. n'lll1l;d.\,
Il l11:lIl1fc , 1.., 11\
IIi('
particular lil111l 'dn =is
ollhe
human being: our exprt sSillll 01'
1)\' Ilmita·
tion, v v t, It-gin with
l l
os
ur
th e
\Vurd: ..
1 Illilrk
ur
ah 'elllt' . , ,'
.111.. ,
II I
tl1('
fil 'I;;
or
I ~ o c r ; ; : :
I f ~ l l e g a t i ( ) n .
that i ' our
only
posslhilit.\. We ii('1' ,I),
inaugural l' . nu
vi.liirlatc' a
way
ur rea
ling wurds,
IJI' a U'<tdlli ' l i l .
whld)
ass·'I'l.
that
llllr
human language
<:llllne('ts
us
In
di\'ill
l,V.
lll\
,dlllg
t ip ' U lhl.: 1 I 1 { ~ el
link,
Hamann
a
C pl s Ihat in ( 'l in.' '( Il l ' Ih ' t ' II I '(Ind.,
sc
n,'IOIl. L1w ernpiric<ll ,.,en,.,e
ol'''God,'' o u t ~ i e
or ti l l '
11-1 11/ .
IUI'IlI.tl LLlI
lizatl(ln in
thi:- Imguistit: strllt:lurc, ma
also UlJ
laken
nUL
\
f Inc.' I)IL
ture, The
term
C.ud indicative
ur
n liten.\)
a l> ; <': ll lT : ; (
ri I
a
I I()th·
ing-tl1C'
d l ' l I s ahs ullllilll....;-c\· 1\
if'
Jill I'JlVing 1 11 OJ
OIL
llL'lpdli'lll
U
God ,;peaks urgentl.',' rrom within the ;;,ll11l d/=iL:our.
1' '
H-lI lWI Jl linn depicts langua'
n
and kllll\vl >dg(' in gl n 'ntl 011111 hi ' ·
try and p l l l l o ~ l ) p l , in parLicul:lr H Lt Il S ' l l l l l l l - ' rni l l 01 LOllgU I'
ang I,.; inti/ n human longue (, Vy 11. I 99.4-liI, WI:' t:,lIlnO[
'nll l\
\111\ Ilr
on whal grounds
the.
wurld appear' to us. bUl i l l s o l ~ 1 1 ',,' it dOI ,-. il 1:
n ces, aril.v li:posed tu
thought
:w d
languagt',
LmguClg'(' 111<1,\ h 1I1l1
fYing pbenomenun whereby God re\'cal- ilJ1d extt'ncb hilll,.;,·I ' 1'1' il Incl.\
be
the field in whit:h
our
fantastic
desire
lor
th e
IJC
rnlUnE'n..:c
i. lIHi
L Uns\,
quel1c('
thaI a (;
lClcould guarantee
IS eXL'·rnalizc.ou,
Th('
IJ<ll'tIl:u1:tr 1,1I)
guage.s
w :-.p
'ak
del1lC1l1C
this
irre t)lutiun
as
mUl:h <1;
Lh
> 1 l l ~ l k l l l l l ' l l '
demaud.s
H'I s L l o u ~ l . and socially, We cxp l'iellCl' the s l l ~ i b i L IIl:lnd;,ld
a,
l evelutioll-
hlllgs
s 'ern
to
speak lo
ItS,
dellli.lndJng noli ' l ' :
,tnL
\\'.
encoumer o t h ~ r . in Ih('
l imn
of traditions thul
te:-;tiCv lo
th e
Uhll IUi l . \
of'
tran:,;miUeu rC';)sol1ing. Even
if,ve come- tv th worlcJ a s u lank slate:-,
'Jr
empty wineskins, ()Ul' seLl
·uous
~ ~ n c LInt ,)'
wiLh
n ~ l t u j ( and
our
acquailitanL'l' \\'iLh
human
con Illumty I'rom withlll t1w (I <llll
W
rk of'
tradill ns gLlurant ' · an
inl'ormed, dala-laden
inlLinti(\n
i n t o '
JIlSL'lllll:
life.' Hamann
maintains thu l r ~ l
11 is an
in t '1'IllinabIL' und
physic:..d
d v lopm 'ntal
proc 'ss, irr·ducibl
' aCling
Ihrllugh langullg' and :how
in
r up only in th 'S) <lCls of)' a ~ o n i n r;
l:<Jl1ve 's\;I.y.
Hamann
ar 'Lie' LI al
reason assimilate,;, rganizl'::',
and judg :oj l ls t what
is
ht]V\;1l
to it,
mat
'.
riuJizing
in
the form
,)('
natural d e c l l 1 r a t i o n ~ and sucial ~ i b l l S . Beiol'c it
can
be eflecti el. de. ignative or expressive,
then. language pl'rftlrms a
tran.
lation of
e
lJerience. which alr ead ' appear'
n,.; a
ki lid
0(' langl.lag ,
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RAD
E FA
LTY
PI IlL
Pffi J R;
L
COp
of
th Treati
he
immedi·
hen Hamann r iv
ate] writ del :
Ood tbrows languag thrau lz
pl who dQub it? Wh h ?
Tb b d no t thTOw my ticall b ut thriugh n animal a
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n
D ; our in
Y u vu n J I L
Th
ehemoth ext or Hamann n
Proje
t
h
P
riti al
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TEREZAKISILANGUAGE.
D
1MMANEN
E
general
grammar
i in the
Prolegom na w he re h e
admi ts in a paren
thetical a ide
that
th rul
for
th
ac tual u e of words in
grammar
ar
very
nearly
relat
d to our
de t
dian of t.h cone
pt s
that. ar e can Litu-
t v ofexperience, bu t not
dependent
upon any particular experi nee.
Rec nt attempt ; to reveal th am nability
ftran
eendental id ali m to
linguistic philo ophy mom ntarily a id Kant otherwi e con i
t
nt l
and clearly tate that language is no more than a n ible cloak for
idea which may b di card d where idea can b made ind p nd nily
clear. tn po try, words a
w
th reader t h at n at ur ca n be judged a
appearance
a nd thus prepare him for transcendent. 1 argum ntation
AI 5, 26fT ; in common or ordinar languag, statem nt
must
be
mad to xp r s th e c nceptua l regim on which they rest R6
213);
in pray r th m t.ure mind
en t
r into ta t of clarity an d m ral
devotedn . that
ur p
e l inguist ic crutch
AI<
6, 195ff.). Though
Kant r adily s rt s that t.he
capacit
for communicating a state of
mind a condition of any subjective judgment oftast , h doe
no t
find
the
m dium of communicability not worthy
(AK
5,217 . By hi
179
Anthropology Kant d fines nlight nmen
it
el f as th e differentiation
of the symbolic
outer
shell of idea
fj om th
intellectual, non-lingui '
tic content tAK 7 217-20 . Fo r Kant. c gnjtion , however intentional,
ar logically prior to an d ultimately indep nd nt of language.
Lik I
am an n h o w e r ,
Kant. claims h t a divine origin mani fes ts
in the inscrutability of a fundam
ntal
human activit . Th re i no con
e
ivabl
ground' f r
th
ad ption of mor J maxim , or
for ou r
impl
prop n ily for evil. r r
th
original m ral pr disposition, which Kant
ea an incompr h n-ibJ wand 1 ,
f
a divine origin
that
m u t exa lt
th
mind
AK
0, 50fr. .
Fo r
Kant,
no t
language but
human
morality
manifi t a my t ri u , divin de c n within
an imman
nt field of
l ll c . Kant
harp
ns th e e argument in hi
1793
Religion Within th
Boundaries of M re Reason Y taw all' ad beg n t foll w, in hi
1772 Philolu i r a l l d e a ~ and Doubt· (about. H rder Treati. e . Hamann
link th moral on
ci DC
t th whole n
t
of rational
f
cultie can ti
tutive of logos a cong nitally r la t d expre ions ofa more fundamen
tal freedom. Holding against Herder th idea that something can com
from an epi temic gap,' Hamann xplain
that it
i only in ou r ulti
mately inexplicable freedom
that we re pond to
the
world and di linc
tiv I· a rt
ou r
e Th n d to fr dam a fund am
ntal
t I
a·
on and mOl'alit is twofold: in
th
fir t plac
an
ori.ginar
fr
d m
overcom th e hollowne of any ingular, unitary origin of r a on.
Under tood
as
articulation
of th e
primacy of fre dom,
differ ntia
tion
and exprcs ion offreedom
Hamann
can giv a
subtler
ace un t of
the ac
iviti s of con ciousness and conscience
than
any
singular
origin
tory
could ncompas . Philo opbers have long tried to give
an
account
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ognitiv
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TEREZ KJ,
;UAGE
o
I M ~ J \ CE
all' ad
ee critical
idealism
as
Lhe lormuln fill
H
m
La-language.
Playing n Kant s love of
architectw al metapb )) S
in dC::lcribing
Lhe
crit
ical
proj cL. Hamann
allud
' ' to
the
tower of Babel
and
la ni all sk s
the readl r to n ti that
Kant s
Archimedean point (the id ntification
of the form of empirical intuitiun) tran cends
th ·
world it i:> uppo d to
move, and then cia his, bort r view,
[n
1.h cond rilif/lle Kl-1n caLIs Ll cone p t 0 f re d m th Uk -
ton f h wh I . ructur
,.
of hi.' ySle01 tAl fi,
-41.
H id ntiJie
and explain diff rent forms of freed 01, inclu lin , spontHn ous rational
agenc m
ra l autonomy. and
transcendental f reedom itsel f, with a
complexit. that still
require d ispute and
a
rigorousness
that Iamann
did
not
beg in to approximate.
Still. it
is
remarkable
tbat while
both
Hamann and
Kant
take
language
and moral eonsciou ne to be
expre i n
of
a
( I
dom in which r
n
iv
.·ubj c
ivit
i
con ti
uted
Hamann for e in th app licat ion f
critical
id ali
11 1
a purely formal
and thu
largely
it' ' l evant meta-langua
reo A Hamann
reads
him,
Kant want to inv nt lh , ,
rt
of lan1.ruage
that
fn'e, autunumou agent
can
exploit twill. Th heart of Ham:1nn critici-'m th n.
i
th
ven
if
such
an ab
olutcly formal
language
could b invl nted, w could not
fmd
or d velop ou r elves
within
it. The app
arance
oj'
such
a formalized
language \ ould d . troy
tb conditions that mak
the
articulation
of
freedom and ReHhood po 'sibl ,
4, ritin Without onclu ion
Hamann
Plato
ocrate
Hamann eud
his review
0 th e
fil :t Critique with an image.
Where
transcendental
phi lo ophy waf fl es over
it s
real affi lia tion
with
lan
guage,
the elf-proclaim d . c:hwarmer can nly treat languag as a
sacram nt r ian i t rail. finding gr c m taph ricall:-', in th 1 1 1
I
of
its elem nts, th . spirit of it in titution ( 'W [Il, 2 ~ 2 : . l - 3 . Aft r
reading Kant prop al . eh read r, on hi,- own, mu l c m
t
1 011 a
balled fL
into
a
flat
hand. s Dick. on larifie j 11 wing Ba r
Hamann i referring to Zeno',
reported
g stur >. whi I 1 during,
r
call
ing his one flat hand sens perception. Curling the finger
of his
hand
in slightl Zeno
said,
wa like ··the acceptance of the
evidenc
of th
sen
e. 1 ing hi. rlllger.' in t a Ii t. he call d thl,' ..
umpr
h n ion,
Knowledge Zeno i th n 1 - port d to hay
aid,
i.. had by only
fI w;
Zeno r pre
ented this
by taking hi
cond hand and
nc10Fiing th
fi t.
Jl1
It
i
no accident. for H::uJ1ann. that higher rd r
cognition
i
expre
d
by
a
iat ion with
th
s n uou w rld. We ,
peak
mboli
cally of relationships, f l i ng ,
in
,titution
and abstract concept
becau ewe mu t· building analogi s with th natural world, language
rou t draw from it own corpus in
order
to m ningfull xt nd itself.
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GRADUATE
e LTY
PHILO OPHY JOURNAL
Y t
fO
Hamann
language i
not
just
accident
11
bu t
inh
l
ntly
symbolic activity marking ab nce and allowing for mediation. There
can be no effective origin oflanguage because language. by d finition
negate and redouble upon whatever comes b fore it. Lik the
divine human oriRin of languag , theretor , the way in whi h language
hould b H ntially
de
ignativ r expr ive i und rmined by thi
a 'count, which find in
th
fundam
ntally
ymbolic ac ion of language
th e terms by which linguistic
study
mu t proceed.
Languag
work
symbolicaU ,
and
symbols, in theil ' rno t robus t form make the other·
wi
ov r-rich ab orbable; th y addr s
an
extra-linguistic manifold
and delivel' a reflection upon it. n iqu ly among l inguistic forms,
sym·
boIs accomplish m aningful cond cen ion. At
le a
t anaJogicalJ , peak·
ing the symbol mimics the primordial condescension of God, insofar as
divine
o n e s e n s i o n ~
is all'ead a ucce fill symbolic concept. At the
arne tim
the
uc ss of h symbol requires refer nce on a literal,
material I v I
whkh
is mapp d into tb symbol it If via an anagogic
a c
nt .
m aningful or succ ful s mboL
ther
r both lit rally
r
f rs
to a
thing
or b havior and expr
iv ly pre nc it wn condi·
t ions o f (m
ntall
po ibilily. Th configuration it If i ccentric:
Hamann d crib. ninv
rt
d mim i
that
cr
at
its mi . ing
obj
ct
b proj ctin
Th till und v lop d proj et f applying Hamann
th n, would begin by chart ing th ymboli con
tru
1 f one pt for
which there is no adequate sen ible intuition (such as cause, sub tance
regu]ati e
ideal, or transcend
ntal idea) and, moving
backward
through
their
conditions of meaningfuJne
,b y
reading tho e metaphor,
ical models
as
paradigmatic lingui tic forms. Such
an
application
would
addre the wa that languag orients our understanding of abstract
concept by cultivating its own re ources in action.
that
are fi.mdamen·
tall both de ignative and expressive in
charact
r.
Hamann
alludes
such
an
application; h does not
attempt
it.
But
he doe consistently
provide a narrativ exam pI of what h tak to b the same m rgent
in ight about th primacy and in
ernal
development
of language.
Hamann
b gin hi philo 'ophical-lit I'ar author hip with the
1759
Socrati M morobilia
and th
reaft
I
I
mains d voted to th ,ymbolic
oCTatic id
aI
Hamann
ocralic Memorabilia
i r 'olut : \Vhu vel''' crat wa
\vithout Plato, ur ocrates i Plato' achi v m nt.
Hamann hi
own m morabilia in the
tradition
r
Plato s work, lauding Plato's
Schwiirmerisch ndachl
or enthusiastic reverence for So rates.
In
the
short work. Hamann quote from n Ie s thEUl
ten
Platonic dialogues
and makes general reference to at
least six othel's
in
comment that
b p ak his easy familiarity with th m: In Hamann s la t r works thi
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TEREZAKIS/LAN A E
AN D rMMA.rE
E
appreciation
ior
Platonic philosoph ool deepens.
Hamann
often hold
Plato mi.micr of ocrate up again t other wri ter impl ing that
they knew the
hi
torical
ocrat
better
than Plato
did or
that
ocrates
would hav
better
recognized hjm Lf in
their work. Th
point,
for
Hamann, i
hat
Plato alone give expr s ion
to
the only ocrate w
now know, b in nting
and
imitating him into a ocial or public pace,
constitut d
in th
process, and
by
howing how in his ab ence or intan
gibility,
Socrates manifest
in
articulation. Plato
s
xp r
i
of
ocrates mak th life of ocrat
into
the matter of phil. oph . B;
drawing our attention to thi expre sive fact
and
to the fact that
oerate mu. l
have
been othenvi than Plato depicted Hamann i
looking
at
th difference between
what
w now call truth-c ndition
ta l
m
nt·
and th s h
tare
expr ive.
The
fact
that
th
wa One
a
hi
toricall.
1
al ocrat i a ru a th fact
that
th I
al ocr t .
i Plato xpr :ion of ocrate .
till, yen in thi announcement of Plato s acbievement,
Hamann
doe not bold
th
view
that
PLato ucce ful
expre
ion d termin
our
abili ty to r to anotheT. I colorful Socrate .
Th
level of
meaning we may discern between a once l it ral • ocrates and a
Platonic expres. ion of Socrate , which include allegorical and norma
tive strata.
are
them
e1\
e indica ive of a form of understanding
that
cannot
be
one-dim nsional ly cony ed.
Hamann
does
not
h
or any
where
a
ert anything
like
the
formulation
that meaning
compl tel
and
unconditionally d t rmin
r·
r nc . Hi
po
il ion, a
ha
be n
aid i b th ubtl and trang r, for
what
Hamann find mo t iI lL
r
e ling i the way
that .
ymbolic xpre ion
mu
t keep pace with a
changing world,
the gr
und
of
oth r
d
and i reflected in
th
t
expl ion. Plato 0 r
t.e
i
pI en t
for cony
ration fTom
which
Plato
mu t
b ab
nL
and th . e are cony
Lion tha
mak
l al,
in
conv ration. an oth rwi e invi ible ci - oul
tR
public , a pur B ing
that-beingl -i Pha
drus
Or an
image of p ct beaut , uncontami
nated by
visible
markers
or
other sm aI s
of mortal
sillin s
ymposi lln I-to nam a few dialogues from Hamann s
Memorabilia
citations. Plato s dialogu s circL around absence, pr encing the ideas,
image. and personalitie that come to can titute a meaningful history;
each
of
the
writing
eemingly transcendent claim
ar \
rapped in the
ironies
of the written whol . A a ymbolic unity.
the
Platonic work
i
lik
Zeno .
second hand closing momentarily
ov
th
first.
Th intru-
ion of the (enfolding) xternal i ymbolicall record d into the chang·
abl
, iot rnal horizon ofm aUing; th Plat nie di logu a a whole pro
vi multidimen i nal nag gic image of thi oddly familiar process
of
c ming to know and unknow.
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GRAD ATE FA Ul T PHILO. OPHY JO HNAL
De pi
hi
urren mi. appropriation.
Hamann
\
r t p ~
Plato
will
have to become
po
tically
under
toad by
tbe
people he rr ated . .iu.
t.
as
Pygmalion had to be f inal ly wld I toad b,\ his once marbl wife ( WII.
62.15-9). In gifting acraL symbolic lit . Plato cr ated philo oph in
, rat-s im ge,lu h a l o c r a
dth
p sibilJLy
r p h i J ~ p h r , w h o
do not et
gr a
p their p etic origination. An idol
in the
tempi
of
learn·
ing, baring t.h inscription
The
Hi to r of Philosoph . is ur rently
drawing di cipl of Lh sort ocrat <: would hay tormented (SW II
62.20-2). Non t.h Ie s auth lltic th inking about th c ha racter of
crat til
up th perva.
iv
quest.ion a.
t.o
how much Plat.o. or any
writer. could
dir cUy
tell U.· a out. thi. sil nt ell: ecking
man.
The
philosopher. Hamann writ . i
.iu·
as
suhj
ct
to to l a w ~ ofimitati n
a
the
poet ( W n 7 .9-10). In
Plato s d l u l o g u e ~ .
tho
law and
their
fine
t
application
tand
r
aled. The
Pic tunic
dialogues
show
that
human eli cur
ive
activities
ar
tran
lational
and
incomplete.
y
t capa·
bl of utilizing
pi
temi
limit. in I al inv ntiotl. As uch, t.h dialogu s
t.and
in
a la. Ling
xampl
sol h 1 m nt:11 w rk f .vmbolic action
in a fallen world. Pia a channel the primae and diating function of
louos Howing
l a n f . 1 1 u ~
to articulat th imag that it claim: mu t
bring i t inl bing.
Hamann
d clicat hi s S cmlic
M l l1wrahi ia
to Kant, and Kant,
mar than two d cados later in th tir:t ritiquc answers t.he chal
I ng b imagining that h
ha
und r (Iod Plato b tt l lh n PI to
und
I ood him elf.
I
For
hi
part.
Kant
Tedit: Plato wit.h a
theor of
idea
that
m a k e ~ concepts the appropriat.e
rule
for
under.
tanding
obj ct i e experi nee.
In
Kant
construal.
Platonic idt as how true
cau alit) as
l egard
both act ion
and the ir
objects.
and
concerning
natur it 1f( PRA317 374). Plato. to be cI ar.
i
cr dited with s abo
lishing
th conceptual
model of purposivenes. as well as
the
moral
image o f the world . two e senLial
Kantwn
d >signs. Those who take
philosoph to heart, Kant writes... hauld
preserve
the xpre sion i e
in OI iginal Platonic
meaning.
ha t it willilotcollapse under r ck
le and
c1isord
l
d designation PR A 3 1 9 1 B ; ~ 7 6 . According to Kant,
that
original Platonic m
auing
rur
ad
c nvey th
file
t.hat cognition
j conceptual or djscur iv-. And
Hamann
once again
ha
no objection to
an of thc,e claim . Hi 1inguistic po ilion and hi m t.a- rilici:m of
critical id ali 111 in. t ad
commit
him to
und
rscoring t h if context, in
the crafted.
writ.ten form that
Plato invent
d to llccommodat
hi
in i
hi , and to complet th m.
Hamann
b
gins hi: author
hip b. r claiming Plato for t.he :3m rea·
. on that. he I ac t again t
what
h t a k to be I ant idealist. lormal·
ization
ofr
flective language. Hamann ees that the Kant.ian cognitive
fram work all ws for crucial conceptual distinctions and ral l eflec·
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non, upon thC'm.
Whether
r
not Knnt
would :Ie/mit
II
HIII1\:1I111 ,
charge
that
he
intends
these formal r e l l t : c t i o n ~ to :,t:t l l i h:I ni '('1'
:Ii
philo ophicallanguage. he cert<:linlv allow,; th<1t U t I'rilnw
\'''I'k
(,I' u il i-
cal ideali, m r 'pre' nl5 a cumpl Led philu-ophical .'·'lelii. L'lllikl' 1 .111:.
Hamann' Plato know-
that u philo,:; phy
i
ani. cumpl 1(·d
III
LI,,'
I ;d l
guage that
reveal it .
Properly con·trucL d.
philo:-'ophl HI
1:1I1;r I : I ~ ~ \
work La UP l final appropriation or :-'lbbr vialion. which \\ 1 llin n m , '
th featul'e- fit Lheory from th>ir meaningful
I'r<lI11( '<'I'I:.
\ ,litlll l i\
phil0.ophi al Ian
uage, ther
fore,
it:-.
inwrlocutl l r h;tck to
ito.;
symbolic con,:tl'llction. For Hamanl , . ymholic
loml: '
;.;uell
.1.-' 11',l'
<II'. It l
1
line, th all a l y of
th
c V , 01 Di lima'..; ladder IJ f
C(lll pI
ual :1 0 >nt
are nol ju 't d
pi
l i o n ~ and tanclards
01
inL'lIigibility, hut
: 1 1 1 H ~ ~ l J ) : I , d
conngurati
n mat
'riaUy und c lncepLually ngag 'd with t lwir l l \ \
(.11
dition
ofpos
ibilit .
A.
such,
Hamann'-
n b ~ t l 1 t
Plato,
likt'
hi ,
,d'''I'Il
God.
al hi, prog'n:--' that.
\'en < ell:'l11('nl,.; I
I
11 n W L 1 - L 1 l l g l l , ~ \ j
formal refl ion: on hL' i n t e l l i . ~ i . h l ·
r . : l ) ) . ~
\\ , ~ n : : ,
- ~ ~ :
..
\s.i.'.';;.., . ~ ~ 1 ~ . ~ ~ : . , \ : ~ ,
ideals 31' ymbolic eX\1re
i C l t \ ~
('
n.
\-ang,u'\\ ;- whn.,;' \..
·,II:\\.\: ';.,,'
,,\,\
. .
\ \
in
dn
.;;:, they
ar e
necC, ,.;ary hut in:-iurf u:l(o'l1t to ('Xplai;l_ '
NOTE
1. Johann Georg
Hamann
to ,bCIJbi . . pl'il 17,.7. in \'01. 7
Ill'
HI'; ji,.'( ..
''. .
Arthur H nk I and \ niter
Zi
: 'Ill r r nkfurt am
. \b I
h '\
VI
~ . \ _
1955,791,
p.
17.3: Wa '
in
d
in
1 .
pracht'
das S
yn
I ~ l . l' 111
I l l
1t'1,
lit
I,
I'
d Wort n 'nn n : 'nl-''';,
lh 'I'wi,··
nOlt'd, allu .ll1 lnl i l l l l , ~ ; 1 ,. , ,,
..
, II
2, Giorgio gamb
n
mukef: th(· ;;1111 point. th')L ·11 IleI 1:1 I' l e l : ' I
Hamann, in
TIll-' IdeLl
n r L H n ~ l l gc': S IllC
I
iflkulti
..
, in
Sp olki ,
.\1 ,
Languag'- Graduale FOC lllly f hilr
op},, ,]olll llCll 111'1
I I , ' I,.
pp. 11 .
3. Johann org Hamann, in VIJI. 3
r
- ulllllit·hl \\[ 1 10 1 _ 'd,
,/ ,,(,1
~ l l l l J ,
,
ienna: 'I'hom s- 10rLl. -Pres p illl Verlag. H l 4 ~
-;)/1,
p. :2'1: 1ll'1ll'f'f'lI'lh
:-i'
followed
by volum . p D ~ e
<lnd, d'apprnpl'il'lL',
linc
Ilumht,r,
4, Vaughan mak
s <.l imill.l l '
pllint.
linlong
d. us
( ( h . ~ ( - > / I d ; I I I , : I, ) t i l l
J,II';lltil
of an
abs
nt I d labol'l.II d in
the Z(J lur,,,
the
prin a t )
,Y lil' ,elll ',
of the world. ilughi.lll pro\'id ''; a Ihrc('ruJ tlcc(lunl 4 1 ]-hI11.OInll', :11'''01 p.
tion in J wi h Lh ology and It I·rr,f'l lin
hi
lnC'laphy. il::
III'
lallg'u.tgt' :-i('I'
Larry Vaughan, J )lwl1l1 GI IJI HCLIII(ln//: \I( /uphy,o;it,
J
L I / I g / l ( / ~ ,JI,,
V lSion o{Hi
lor) (New York: PeLer
L
tIl/. , 1. I,
pp. (HI]',
1 111'111111'1
,1'1
lh,'
conde
n'ion
of
do
t
3t'O,
'W
I.
:111:
,'\V II, G
';
:\\
II. 71.
S\\'
11.
i: l
:
and \ n,
4, or the
leLl
..
ll )
Lind
'1' of' Augu. I J7;-1,), .... )I • ( l 'JlrI 1 \
elaboration.
\ .M, Alexan
1' I ' , Jollann T ( ) / : ~
H I/IIlIIlI1:
Philos l)h, alili
Faith TIl Hague: Marti nu -
Kijha
] I
45
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(; F
\1 IlWl E:
FA( LTY PHlLO (PHY
JO
AL
0. Hc l:
e.g
..
,'W
JlJ,
39.25fT.:
'
ven
.·upposing- th.at
u
human
bing come
inLlJ the
wol'lcllike
on ell//l /y wil/eskil /:
Lh n preci,;el
thi: lack
make him
all th . mol'c able to enjoy nature
through
eXjJerie//C( li and to enjoy COlnmu·
n it ) with hi' I'a 'e
through
tradi/io//. . Our rpa. on
ari.
e:-;, at th v I least,
from lhi. \\' fClld le: on of' l'n llOU. r
I r/n/iuns
and human l(>slimonies,
which aft>
irnp:lt'
e
I ulTol 'ding to : imihr
laws, as
w
II as t h r o u ~ h
similar
1/1l'(/IlS. nan1l'ly mark rs Itl'an>:. In h l'n
Griflith Dick:on,
Johu/lil ,eorg
Ilu
111 C1/l I \ H.
lalillllal Mc/acr/lic:isl/1
IBcrlin:
Walter
d G
ruyer.
1 9 ~ f I. pp.
l.
6. Humann is rharr;ed with i n J t i a t i n ~ a
tradition
now taU d on t he problem
I l l m ' aning holi, m
by
Cri t.ina Lafont in
Th e Linguis ic Turn in
HI'I'Ii/l'I7(,/l/IC flhihl. ;ophy.
trai l ;, . J o . ~ C M din'\ ( ambridge: MIT Press,
1.
(
9), L;lfi,nL sUl'cincll. I l:apit.ul t.:. t.h findings of Jos l, r imon and
Kal 'l l' ried ;I'undel '
bu t
fail' to sa y
anything'
mol' ahout Hamann that
would expln in hi ' influence on hi s con
emporarie
or hi s
in l
lIectual
inh
'rit.ori:.
Lafont'. failur
L pI' vide
any
mol' '
lhan
a
'up
rficial nod
to
th · Ighl
. nlh-I.: nlLlry sourc of th linguisli' t.urn 'onLinu s with her
complel. negl
d
of
H
rder.
Though Lnfont.'s
primary in l ntion
is Lo
f'xhihit. Ih ' implic it. stn.'n/..,rth ofHul
nnas'l'ul1lmuni
·at.iv rtllillnalityover
II'00dition,t1 'lnd ('ont.f'l11poral modl'l s III linguistic
ti l
ory, h r underlying
u:.;sumplioll'
olhou( 1111
mllve m aning' holism launch d
NIl ly
in t.h lradi·
Lioll prevl nt
he r
I'ron
:tppl'l·dat
ing or app Iyi ng lh e
proposals
actually
mad, in
t
ll XL. ti l which s he mere l allud('f', 'onv r:el , n ither
,ughan
no r
Dunning s
'S through
Lo t danger.- I I l l e a n i ~ g hali'm,
hut loth rl' 'on ·Vuct. I-hmunn·. po itiun in n way thnl I I\'es
it.
open
th Jt h t l / ;
p.e VltLIghn . .jolt
G UI'£ 110117 /111I: Inri leph n N.
J)unn.ing-,
TI/I' T'JIIgI/l's
CI ,Mw:
f/t'gf'1 11
Hamann Oil Religw ls U:lIIgllage
01 1 H i , ~ I J I Y
rMis.'uul', IT:
:cholars PI's: . 1979J.
/. J Dm
approprialing
her e t he d
cription or
get ing
il
nght in harles
Taylrr' influ nt.ia C'·say. on Herd I ann on hl11guag and m aning.
1',lylor
xplain,
( in .I aboraling' on H rder' . rej cUon of ,andillac': 't.oryof
hl1h'Uistic oriJ,rinatiol1J Lhat. peapl
I
for example) employ
disinter'
led
ci
'nLifil' de 'cl'ipt ion. art.i ' ul at .e p
'r,;unal
r· ,lin ...
evoke
po
t.ic
cene,
descrih' dwradl 'rs flf lill'rury
ima/-,rinuLi
In, uncl 'uin profound ITI -laphor
t.o g I l r i ~ h t unle' id(' \\ Ilidl i: only right in:ofar a, il is lr u ,or de ·crip·
l j\ 'cl ndC'quHtl' , rl'lin d or rich, , uch rightnc>is
cannol
b reductively
explained; i t dol ' no t exi:t. in a unidirect ional relat ion with som ignal
ddinc
I
h.v lhe
word s curreCt.n s tsu 'h
as
a rut f inding i
way
rightly
Lhrough a
maZl ' t.o th I ward I Rather.
th rightn:'> 'xpr '. '5 d in voca·
iv ' siU'nifitution is defined in tt'rms of t h l ~ suit.abilit.v 'l f th e word .. as
murh
:i
th e
I
-I
van c nf th word. is delin
'd
by t h ' l; , k. Expr ..sian, in
cfrcc , ra n g-et right
o>ol11l thing
th:ll wa - I1cith r r ight nor wrong- b
fore
expr
s. ion, hut
lhat. mnnili:l.
in und through its xpr s.-ion. Th irre·
ducible
rightlwss or
:uch
' ,pn' : ,
ion C 0n ,t.ilutes Taylor's lil1gui. t.ic dimen·
illn:'
whlr
·in
11
puint. i.. 11 t COlT InUlln b(,tween sign I: ; and b havior,
hut. slIuj 'ctiVl'
limJ
r t nding,
r
~ w h ; n
right.lw,
R
consist.' i in lor
ilia
crea·
t.urcinthclinl{l.li 'lti·dinH'l1:ionl,C(l/n \ ha l word
isright
r
harle,
Taylor.
The
Lmporlance
orH
'rder:' in Isaiah
r
lin: A ( elehrer/ilil/. ed. Edna
and
Avi. hai 1v1argalit.IChicH:;O:
The
niversit.v If :hicago P l e ~ s ,
19911. p. 46J
Every de. i
mation Ta )
lor f'ormulatcs to
dis inguish
an ~ e x p r s ivc th ory
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TEREZAI
[.
~ A J \ J G L GE
of meaning applil' to Hamann. [ am empha.'lzlIlg
the \\ '0.
thal Hamunn'.
thinking
diff
r from
the other
two
'H'
.. ([-J rder and
Humboldt
of
Taylor's expre ivi t
Hl1H
or triple-H theory, and pointlng' out what
Hamann's
position
shares with designative
heories of meaning. in
order
t
:ihow hov it
n
\' rth
I 5S
ircumnavigate
. om \ t)1' th hurdl
of
tw 'n
li lh-c ntur th or
of
meaning, . e Ta lor', 1 he Imporlance of
Herd r : and Language and
Human
fature and TheOl'ie I Meaning:'
in HI/ilion ARellcy alld Lanauag : Philo lophil al P a p c r . ~
J ~ a m b r i d < T e :
ambrid
TC niver 'ity PI'
S5 ,
19
51.
Oi
t I H
nri ch. Th Bu.-ic
tructul' of
Mod rn Philo
o p h y ~ 11/1111 11
HI'I I1l('/l('ul;l's 2:1 (19741. pp . 1-1 ,
9,
Manfred Frank elaborates different 0 pe
10,
J1. Johann
Goctfri'd von
Herder, Tr( atise O L t he Ori gi n ol LCLlIgllage,
in
P h i l { . ~ u p h i c : a l Wrih
IIgs,
t rans . and d,
Michn I N. For,t r (
ambridg':
'ambridge Un v('rsity Press. 20021,
pp.
-166, handful of rec nt schol
arl \ ork' in English have anal zed H I'd r' : lingui tic initiali ,among
them Frederick . B ,is
r,
The Fatv Rt·a. Oil German Philo.-ophy I mm
Kanl
to
Fichl
ICambridg
:
Harvnrd
niv I 'ity Pre' , . ]9 7): lwo c mpan
ion
article b NUcha
I
N.
For
tel'. H rd'r's Philo :iophy [ nguag .
Interpretation, and Translat ion: Three Fundamental
Principle ', Th e
Review oj Metaphysics 56:2 (:lOO:. ). pp. 323-56; and ~ G } d .. Animal,;. and
Artist: 'orne
Problem
s in
Herder
s Philo ophy of L a n g u a g e . ~
Inquiry
4
12 031. pp.
65- 6:
und
John H.
Zammito, Kallt. Herd rand t ie
Birth
oj Allthmpnfogv
(
hicago: niv . ity l[Chicugo PI' S
.2002).
12. Herder,
Treatis
,p .
7,
13.
[bid
.. p.
14,
e, e.g. ibid., p. 99: Ther ; ;;h' ld ivin naturellead all Cl' atures pu;;;L
him Ithe primordial raLh r
each
hal ' .
i ts name on its LOngu . and nam
itself
to
this enshrouded. visible god as hi va' and el'vanL It d hv I
47
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LT
rHlL
lP H J AI.
177:J; 3
l,
1 -. hId,. l 12 .
I
nn to
H
I d I .
1Augu
t 17
2.
In
\ 01.:1
r
Hm{ h / pp.
7 \\ 111. 2_IT.:trans. ic
n./Jamollll ,
H Il/IIIII/al rll/ 1. III.p
2
I
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22. lfri d
S'ich,;
I. (nt,'oduc-tion and :oml11
'nl'lr.\'. '111
Hantman. tlherdPlI
r s p r u n ~ riel'
'prache,
vol.
4
of'
Johann
( J C / l l ~ 1 .
f/ru/laIlIlS
Hallpls('hn/il ' lI
Er/dtirl,
ed.
FI itl
Blankl'
:tnd
Karlt-i-i 'd (j.rundt:r (Gutcr .. loh.
Gcrd
:\ll)hn.
1
631. p. 224n, 1. Blich..cl'>; id 'ntification of anagl1b'Y i,.; nOLed
in
Dicksllll.
p,
496, n, v.
A . chema of Fourfold Jnierpr
tnti
m.
in whi h :lnngrl 'y
i
the final ;;tage. i. formlllfllcd
by
John ,a,';;iall. Ih e
1110nk who
introducf'r
ea I I ll In mu;;ticbm 0 th e 0 'cid
nt
early in th e fourth
century.
t\ d a , ; ~ d .
eXU111 pI of' th '
Fourfold
InLerpr'
alion
'nt
wf)f'k involv( lh
run'
pi
of
Jel1lfo'alC'm. which
m:w h (1)
literally
und 'rslood
;.1,;
u cit,·: (2
I
:lll<'l. lll ll'alh'
und r :'LOod;1s
th h ~ r c h : ~ - l pm
·ti·call.\,
understood as 'Iili
aLion:
ilnd
(4) anan-ogicall.v und >r tnoc
w;
c t ( r n ~ l l lif, .
23.
Tracing Hamann's appropriation
of anagogy
also provides a telling 1-'<'
p Cli\'C' cm hi,.; reading of Luther.
who is
often l' 'ceived a.- advlll'ulIn}
ll
xclu:iv 'I.v li\(Jral rri-lding ofScriplul'l' an d
L rhall ngt I l If rig'-Il,
24. Ps
'udo-Dionysiu,'. The
omplctl WelI'lis.
tran . .
Colm
Luihheid
tNew YlJrk:
P
ulisL
PI'
S • ]
P71.
For th e
Dion
;ian
account
of
di,'in
pror(J
..
~ i ( ) 1 l
and
I turtl,
'po The
Celestial /-lit·/ (lf ( hy. in the COII/plele
Wurl;s.
pr.
J
ID·G.
153-;j; for mol on th ' linal anagogical st.age of conceptual 11 I Htion Ill'
unkno\ i n ~ . ' ·
. ('
Tile'
M v . ~ I ; ( c
Thei)logv.
in th l
f tmlpl llf
Worl, , , I
p.
1
~ l f r
25. The
word
that , ; h n l ) l ~ I ) (Incl imnwn >nrc
l, . a
l.lllutc
( rum Pt Lvr
Meinhuld. Humann,' ThplJlogic
del' , 'pl·achl·
... .j h l l i l l / ( ;( '/1/: '( /-/II/II lI/ lI:
Ada elC s [I/ I'rnoliol/IIII'II Url/flall/1- ' I/o I l J i r l l l l , ~ ,
cd
BI'rnh:ll'(1
(;aj<,k
IFl'ankrurt: Klo;itel111ann, 1979).
The
ul'g-ument lhal
Ham: nn 'mhra rt' d
till:' tran,
cendent
capacity vI' language
is
also made b.,' Rudulph
Ungcr.
f/all/ulIlI lI lId rlit' \1I/7i1tinlllg: ::illldit'/1
zllr
\
rgcsehi
,hlf' ele ' rCll/lOlIli.w·hell
ei
'/f's
in
/ ,JahrlJl/llderl
('Pubin/{ 'n: Ni me.vcr. ]
J631,
26, On
th
p I ::iunal
and
intl llt clUull luLion,.;hip h
Iw
'en Hamann ;,Jlld Kanl
see Bei '( r. The
FiliI '
of ReasCln: and .Tames L. rFlah 1·ly.
/1/1.1
I Inu
LUIII1 agc':
A , )Iudy il l lite Philosophy uf JClhwlI / Gt'org llullla/111 I Chap 1
Hill:
The
l'nivl'I sit
of
NorLh
Carolina
PrC'ss.
19:-2),
and
I - I r l / n C I l 1 I 1 · . ~
(lC ulic Mell/nmbilio
IBaltimure: Th r Juhn.
n p k n ~
Prrs ' , I h71.
27. 1cannut Inbornt th>
details
of Kant .
rt'jl,ctiun
an d iJpprupriUli<l1l ul' ,Ie
menl'
or
H .. m ann ' lingui ti c underLaking hcre . hul . et.: my Ttl/'
[mlllul/l ' lIl
Word:
Tlw 7 11,.
10 LOllg//oge
i/1 CI'r/lll711 Phi/ll.,uphy 17SY·/HO/
I
ROlltl-dgC', fi,rthcnll1lng).
2 JmmaJluc l < ~ I I l ,
I 'm el;II lI/t·//f l. in vnl.
4
or Kallis
{ ,f',o;u/IIllwlll'
'( hri/II'II
lkrl in:
PI'
'uf3ich
Ak,HI 'Illie d
I
Wiss Ilsc-hafl'-'n. 190:2-1. liP. ::122-3;
h nc-e urth K. followed volume an d page n lll 1llwr L nle ';; otherwise
noted. all
tran
'lations or
Kanl ar e my CJwn.
29,
Latimt. TIll'
Lil7l::llislic 1 /11 1I;
Jnmc. .
Pluhcrt,\'.
l i l l
I I.
( [ I / t
Lang/lage,
nnd
1/( l /1I ( l / I I I 'S Socralic MI'IlI11mhilia:
.In,.; f Simon . . . ernunflkrilik und
Aulnr. [ ' h ' ~ f t and
.
pun n Harnunns
be i
l
ant:/
in .Johal/II C( 01 { ,
Hum/lI7//:
Ada
ell S
[nlt'l Iwl;/llIull'//
J l ( I I I 1 ( f I l I l · C l l l l I { L l i / l m , ~ .
and
Einl
itung
zu Johnnn (ieorg Hamann
'Schrillcn
W I 'prache', in Hamann, ~ ' c h 1 ' i l t e / /
Z l l r . proch r
Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. 1967
J,
49
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nRADUNI E
F
ULl·
P HLOSOPHY JOUR AL
30.
From Inicorllm
Velerum
Fragmenta
vol.
1 d.
Han
von
rnlm
tuLLgart. 196 cited in
ickson
Hamann s Relatirmal Metacriticism,
pp. 533-4n. bb.
31. Two or
Ham
nn , mo t importan comm ntators hav argued the con·
trary, \ hich ad to unmanag ahl puzz in th il' in t rpretations of
Hamann.
Bbnk
,and FlaherL
following
him,
aq;,rue
that Hamann
only
kn \ harp nti r'
Lil'
1 rol s and
that
h wa not 'ven conver' ant
with th
Pia onie dialugu, ,
Blanke
arb'll s
ha t
Charpenti r' work
wa
th impc for Hamann s l xl, B, ' oppo 'ed the Platonic corpu , and
O'Fh.lh 'l'L.\ tll'l-.ru 's
that
th v{ rat ff llwrahilio j overt anti-Platonic.
S ,
( .
Flaherty. HanwlII ,
o{,/ Q/ic
Wf moribilia, and Blanke, in
Hamann,
- bel
dell rsprung d f r prac: w.
Elsewh reo I explain why
lhi
reading
i
misguided; sec
The Immanenl Word.
KunL. Crith/Ill
o
Pure
Reason
tran . Paul Guy r an d Allen Wood
amhridg>: Cambridge
Univ
rsit,
Press,
199
I
A3141B371:
hene fOlth
cited a ,PR, follow d by pag numb r in Akad rni> dition.
5
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