language development of children prenatally exposed to drugs and/or alcohol; impact of aids

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO

DRUGS AND/OR ALCOHOL; IMPACT OF AIDS

PowerPoint Outline**• I. Background and Definitions• II. Paternal Alcohol Consumption and Smoking• III. Characteristics of Children with FAS• IV. Children with Prenatal Drug Exposure—Introduction• V. Behaviors and Characteristics of Drug-Exposed

Children• VI. Suggestions for Intervention• VII. Language and Behavioral Characteristics of

Children with HIV/AIDS• VIII. Service Delivery

I. BACKGROUND AND DEFINITIONS**

• Children with prenatal drug and/or alcohol exposure (PDAE) are a very heterogeneous group

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder) involves damage to an unborn baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy

• The child who has Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) has problems similar to those of a child with FAS, but to a lesser degree

Statistics

Recent Statistics from University of Wisconsin, 2017:**

• During pregnancy, 15% of moms smoke

• 9% use alcohol

• 5.4% use illicit drugs including opiates, marijuana, meth, and cocaine

Opiod addiction has skyrocketed:**

• 91 Americans die every day from overdoses

• **There are studies linking an average of 1-2 drinks a day during pregnancy to low birthweight, growth abnormalities, and behavioral problems in newborns

**• First trimester of pregnancy--period of brain

growth, organ and limb formation

• Embryo most susceptible to alcohol from weeks#2-8 after conception

• New research: if a woman drinks during the first week after conception, there can be negative effects

II. PATERNAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTON & SMOKING**

• In one review of data on nearly 15,000 newborns, scientists concluded that a father’s drinking and smoking habits can increase his child’s risk of birth defects, ranging from cleft palate to hydrocephalus

• Ongoing exposure to job chemicals can predispose a man’s baby to low birthweight and birth defects

Smoking and alcohol can damage sperm**

• Male smokers double their chances of fathering babies with problems like hydrocephalus

• Recommended: men abstain from smoking, drinking for 5-6 months before ch conceived

III. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH FAS**

• Small head—microcephaly**

• Pre- and post-natal growth problems; low birth weight and length

• Central nervous system dysfunction delayed motor development, mild-profound intellectual disability, learning disabilities

The eyes may be set wide apart also

Olswang, Svensson, & Astley. Observation of classroom social communication of FASD children…Journal of Speech,

Language, & Hearing Research, 53, 1687-1703.**

• Examined social classroom skills of typically developing (TD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) students

• 12 pairs of ch observed in classrooms 20 minutes a day for 4 days across 2 weeks

Olswang et al. found that:

Thus, we may need to:

Youtube**

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• Students Like Me: Episode 2 of 9

IV. CHILDREN WITH PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE: INTRODUCTION**

National Center on Substance Abuse and Child Welfare** (not on test)

• Each year, an estimated 400,000–440,000 infants (10–11% of all births) are affected by prenatal alcohol or illicit drug exposure

Problems in pregnancy…**

• For mothers who use cocaine, this causes her blood vessels to constrict, thus reducing the flow of oxygen and other nutrients to the baby

• The baby is “dealt a small deck”

V. BEHAVIORS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG-EXPOSED CHILDREN**

• Fewer spontaneous vocalizations from infancy

• Lack of appropriate gestures and words to communicate needs

• Poor visual tracking• Gross and fine motor problems• Decreased awareness of body in space

• **Indiscriminate attachment to new people• Decreased responsiveness to praise, rewards• Decreased use of gestures and words to

initiate social interactions; poor eye contact• Articulatory-phonological disorders• ***Language difficulties that are not easily

determined by standardized measures***

**Because of this:

• In assessment, it may be best to informally evaluate these children’s language skills in everyday settings

• These children may not qualify for therapy in the public schools

VI. SUGGESTIONS FOR INTERVENTION**

• EARLY INTERVENTION KEY

• Studies: parents of cocaine-exposed children ↑ insecurity, disorganization, avoidance of attachment

• Look at environment, work w/ parents

Work on pragmatics skills:

Keep things structured and not overstimulating:

Remember that these children often do not retain what they learn, so…

Also…**

• Help them learn appropriate play skills, especially cooperative play involving other children

• Give physical movement breaks; don’t expect them to sit still for long periods of time

Lewis et al (2013) Language outcomes at 12 years for children exposed prenatally to cocaine. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 10/13.

It is important to work on phonological awareness (PA)

In therapy for PA:

VII. LANGUAGE AND BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH

HIV/AIDS**• HIV manifests primarily in the central nervous

system

• Children may have chronic OME

• They may also have delays in communication skills

In addition….

(not on exam)—Center for Disease Control and Prevention, November 2017:

• An estimated 1.1 million people in the United States were living with HIV at the end of 2014, the most recent year for which this information is available. Of those people, about 15%, or 1 in 7, did not know they were infected.

VIII. SERVICE DELIVERY**

• One issue for babies with HIV/AIDS is prolonged hospitalization

• Language stimulation is minimal

• Thus, we can provide early language stimulation programs, working with the family

We can specifically work on:

PowerPoint Outline**• I. Background and Definitions• II. Paternal Alcohol Consumption and Smoking• III. Characteristics of Children with FAS• IV. Children with Prenatal Drug Exposure—Introduction• V. Behaviors and Characteristics of Drug-Exposed

Children• VI. Suggestions for Intervention• VII. Language and Behavioral Characteristics of

Children with HIV/AIDS• VIII. Service Delivery