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Large Truck Safety in Work Zones

Martha C. Kapitanov FHWA-Work Zone Management

November 16, 2017

2013 FHWA Work Zone Safety Grant: American Road and Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA)

• Design and Operations of Work Zones Strategies to Improve Large Truck Safety publication • Safe Trucking Through Work Zones brochure and PPT

Large Truck Safety in Work Zones Webinars National Symposium on Work Zones and Large Trucks Work Zones and Large Trucks Stakeholder Meeting National Work Zone Awareness Week

April 9-13, 2018

Work Zones and Commercial Motor Vehicles (CMV) Communication and Outreach Plan

FHWA Efforts to Improve Large Truck Safety in Work Zones

• FHWA Work Zone Management Website: • http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/

• National Work Zone Awareness Week Web page: https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/outreach/wz_awareness.htm

• National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse Website: • https://www.workzonesafety.org/

• National Symposium on Work Zones and Large Trucks Summary Report:

• https://www.workzonesafety.org/ • Large Trucks in Work Zones Web page:

• https://www.workzonesafety.org/work_zone_topics/heavy-vehicles/ • EDC-3 Smarter Work Zone Toolkit:

• https://www.workzonesafety.org/swz/

Resources

Our Roads, Our Safety Program

Website and toolkits Website information:

Website location: www.sharetheroadsafely.gov Campaign-specific landing pages featuring new animated

videos produced by partners. An online and printed partnership toolkit with program

materials was developed. The online toolkit is available on the website.

The online toolkit allows:

users to either download digital assets, share content on social media platforms, print out materials for events, and request select printed materials, among other uses.

The printed toolkit incudes: Our Roads, Our Safety Brochure Three Tip Sheets: The CMV drivers tip sheet highlights

practicing work zone safety. Our Roads, Our Safety Post cards Our Roads, Our Safety Bumper sticker

Printed Toolkit The Our Roads, Our Safety Toolkit includes a double-sided tips sheet for CMV Drivers.

Work Zone Safety Tips Include:

Obeying signs and signals Slowing down Maintaining extra space

This information is also found on the Our Roads, Our Safety website at: https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/ourroads/tips-cmv-drivers

Website and toolkits

Suggested Facebook Post: 30% of fatal crashes in work zones involved at least one large truck. Stay alert, be aware of your surroundings, and obey all work zone signs and signals. #OurRoads Suggested Twitter Post: 30% of fatal crashes in work zones involved at least one large truck. Stay alert and obey all work zone signs and signals. #OurRoads

Download the Work Zone graphic at: https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/ourroads/spread-word

Our Roads, Our Safety offers an infographic and proposed social media content for sharing on multiple social media sites.

• Best practices for enhancement of work zone and CMV safety through optimal use of law enforcement and commercial trucking resources, assets, and personnel.

• Best practices for State Department of Transportation (DOT)s and safety organizations to enhance CMV safety in work zones.

• Outreach materials targeted to CMV drivers and other road users to improve safety in work zones.

Ideas…

Martha C. Kapitanov FHWA-Office of Operations

Work Zone Management Team Martha.Kapitanov@dot.gov

Questions?

Improving Large Truck Safety

in Work Zones

November 16, 2017

ARTBA FHWA AASHTO TTI NAPA IUOE NLTAPA FOF CCCHST

Outline of Webinar

• Characteristics of large truck crashes in work zones • Large truck characteristics affecting work zone

safety • Transportation management plan accommodations

for large trucks

Large Truck Definition (FARS) • Trucks Over 10,000 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)

• 70% truck tractor-trailers • 27% single-unit straight trucks

Large Trucks are Overrepresented in Work Zones…

24% 26%

22% 22%

27%

24%

28% 30%

27% 27%

11% 11% 9%

11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Fata

l Wor

k Zo

ne C

rash

es p

er Y

ear

% o

f Fat

al C

rash

es In

volv

ing

Larg

e Tr

ucks

Work Zone Non-Work Zone Fatal Work Zone Crashes

Why the Overrepresentation? • More large trucks around work

zones • More work zones when trucks

travel more

• Work zones more challenging for trucks to negotiate

Interstate and Freeway Work Zones are Especially Problematic…

Source: 2014-2016 FARS

24.8% 22.9%

17.8% 17.9% 19.9%

31.6%

48.6%

34.9% 31.5%

36.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

AM Peak Midday PM Peak Nighttime Overrall

Perc

ent o

f Fat

al C

rash

es In

volv

ing

a La

rge

Truc

k

Non-Work Zone Work Zone

…But Other Roadway Types Experience It As Well

11.6%

6.5%

21.7%

16.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Principal/Minor Arterials Collectors/Local Roads

Perc

ent o

f Fat

al C

rash

es In

volv

ing

a La

rge

Truc

k

Non-Work Zone Work Zone

Source: 2014-2016 FARS

Large Truck Crashes in Work Zones are Different than Non-Truck Crashes

64.3%

15.9%

2.9%

9.7% 5.2%

1.9%

27.6%

57.3%

5.9% 4.5% 3.0% 1.8% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Single-Vehicle Rear-End Sideswipe Angle Head-On Other

Perc

ent o

f Fat

al W

ork

Zone

Cra

shes

Fatal Work Zone Crashes on Interstates/Freeways

Non-Large Truck-Involved Large Truck Involved

Source: 2014-2016 FARS

77.7%

5.9% 0.5%

8.5% 6.4% 1.1%

42.9%

25.7%

2.9%

14.3% 11.4% 2.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Single-Vehicle Rear-End Sideswipe Angle Head-On Other

Perc

ent o

f Fat

al W

ork

Zone

Cra

shes

Fatal Work Zone Crashes on Collectors and Local Roads

Non-Large Truck-Involved Large Truck Involved

Source: 2014-2016 FARS

Types of Work Zone Crashes Where Large Trucks are Overrepresented

Roadway Type Types of Crashes High-Speed Controlled Access Roadways Rear-End Collisions

Sideswipe Collisions Other Multi-Lane Roadways Sideswipe Collisions

Angle Collisions Impacts with Objects

Two-Lane Highways Rear-End Collisions Head-On Collisions

Source: 2011-2013 HSIS

Large Truck Characteristics Affecting Work Zone Safety

Large Trucks

• Longer and wider • Heavier • Higher center-of-gravity • Larger blind spots • Lower acceleration and

deceleration rates • Greater distance between driver

eye and vehicle headlights

Signs and Markings Appear Less Bright to Truck Drivers

So How Can Large Truck Safety in Work Zone be Increased?

Incorporate Large Truck Considerations into Transportation Management Plan

• Traffic control plan

• Traffic operations plan

• Public information and outreach plan

Include Temporal Effects of Large Trucks in Impact Analyses

Work Zone Design Practices to Better Accommodate Large Trucks

Lane Width Considerations • 11 ft minimum, 12 ft desirable • Differential lane widths • Provide sufficient warning of limited lane width work zones

Encourage Large Truck Diversion

• Ensure that the route can accommodate:

• Volumes • Heights, widths, and weights • Turning, off-tracking

• Minimize additional travel distance • Good outreach is critical

Establish Truck-Only Lane(s) through Work Zone

Maintain Adequate Truck Parking at Nearby Rest Areas

Improve Work Space Access

Construction Access Warnings

Improve Sight Triangles

Use Heavier Shadow Vehicles with Proper Truck-Mounted Attenuators

Consequences of an 80,000 lb Truck-Tractor Collision

Other Good Practices

• Establish reasonable design speeds and speed limits

• Maintain good sign, channelizing device, and pavement marking visibility

• Avoid short or no-acceleration lane entrance ramps

• Establish contingencies for hazardous material incidents

Strategies to Help Truck Drivers Traverse Work Zones Safer and More Easily

Truck Driver-Focused Information and Outreach

• Distribute at truck stops, rest areas, dispatching centers, etc.

• General work zone safety outreach

• Targeted project-specific information

Utilize Work Zone ITS Where Appropriate

• Real-time traveler information • Queue warning • Dynamic merging • Construction access warning • Variable speed limits • Automated enforcement • Temporary ramp metering

End-of-Queue Warning

Dynamic Merge

Temporary Ramp Metering

Portable Rumble Strips

Sequential Warning Light Systems

Resources

• Large Trucks in Work Zones webpage: https://www.workzonesafety.org/work_zone_topics/heavy-vehicles/

Questions?

Gerald Ullman Senior Research Engineer Texas A&M Transportation Institute g-ullman@tti.tamu.edu (979) 845-9908

© 2017 American Road and Transportation Builders Association, Washington, DC

This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration under Grant Agreement No. 93JJ31750009. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Federal Highway Administration. This publication does not constitute a national standard, specification, or regulation. No statement made in this booklet should be construed to convey an impression that any member of the consortium, its affiliates, or employees have assumed any part of the employer’s exclusive legal responsibility for providing a “safe and healthful workplace” as mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.