ldentification of some thai medicinal...

r C 9 vuYrutr gtu QUUOriginal Art ic le

ldentif ication of Some Thai Medicinal Pfants

j Yenchit Jert 'v lc l t t l : r turottekul*Tl t l rweephol Decltat iwottgse'" , ,

-Daroott PecharaPl l '*' Jaree Bansiddhi*

Panida Kartcl tatraPee*

Abstract The sce3s of nine widety used medicinal plants, known in local namc as "Thian-thang-kao"(nine k inds of Thian), were bought f rom some old-sty le drugstorcs in Bangkok and the study for their correctbotani ia l o i ig ins and chemical propert ies were carr icd our.

"Thian' lhang-kao" consists of Thian-dam, Thian-daeng, Thian-khao, Thian-yawaga-ni , Thiao-sat- ta 'boot , Thian' ta ' tak- taen, Thian-khao-plueak, Thian:k led-hoi and Thian-a*op. This invest igat ion revealsthat , at pfesent , therb are only e ight k inds of Thian in the market instcad of n inc becausc Thian-ta-kop andThian-ta- tak- taen are ident ical .

INTRODUCTION

Thai t radi t i r rnal nredic i t res usual ly consist o l 'nranr k inds ot ' nredic inal p larr rs . "Thian- t l rang-kao"

is one group rvhich has widel l . been prescr ibed inruran,v- t radi t ional preparat iuns. This group consists ofn ine. k inds of Thian i .e . Thian-dam. Thian.daeng.Tl t ian-khao. Thian-yaw,a-pa-ni , Thian. sar- ra-boot .Thian- ta-rak-raen. Thian-khao-plueak, Thian-k led-hoianr i Thian-ra-kop. Their therapeut ic propert ies aredi t ' i 'erenr . e.g. Thiandarn. Thian-sar- ta-boot and Thian-khao-plueak are used as carminat ive.L2 '3 Thian-khaois used as d iuret ic .2 Thian-k led-hoi is f t . l r ant id iarrheaand ant id l ,senterv.a Thian.khao-plueak is recent lyIound r r . l have an ant ihvpertensive act iv i ty , .s f r lost ofcruc le drugs in Thai land l rave nor been srudied tbrt l te i r s tandard cc lnrro l yer . Sonte p larr ts l iom di f ferentbotarr ica l or ig ins have the sanre Thai l tame or somehai . 'e '

t .he s l rne b0tauical orrg in but t l i l ' lerent Thail ta l l les. So. r t is necessar) ' to pc ' r lbrn l t l le i r botanicr la t id p l t l ' t t - rchent ica l invest igat ions i r r order to obta int l te eorrecr onei . I h is s tudr , r r r ig l r t a lso be l re lpfu l t i r rse t t i ng i r p t l l e ) r t n ( i r l d c t l n l r o l . o l ' o t l r e r c rudc d rugsi n t h e l u t u r e .

'U i r is ion of l ! ' ledical Research, Department of Medical Sciences.

65

MATERIAI.S AND I\{ETHODS

Thirty.trvo samples of Thian's seeds were boughtl 'rom l ' ive traditional drug stores in Bangkok. All che-micals used were reagent grade. The comparisons ofthe cut surfaces of their seeds under a microscopewith tl ie r. lescriptions of crudg drugs, writtenby Hiroe6and Youngken,T were carried out in ord€r to findtheir botanical origins. The botanically identif iedcrude drugs were then studied phytochemically.Each crude drug was ground and extracted witl i ap-propriate solvents. The chemical constituents of each.extract were identil ied by color test and thin-layerchromatographic method. Many thin-layer chroma-tograms were tried to find the characteristic ones.The principle tlf this study was followed the methodot ' ident i f icat ion of crude druqs wr i t ten bv Stahl .6

RESULTS

Thian-dam lrfiuuoiry

Botanical name : tYigella sariva Linn.Family : Ranunculaceae.Enelish name : Black Cumin. Small Fen-

nel. Black Caraway'.

fl!fl1fl9t: lt.u.-n.u.

lnurflRa 2526

cyminunt Linn.

:an Reqion andAfrica.tsual ly coherent .aped. somewhat)arawa\1.: .cremo-18 - l to 6 mm. inLo I mm. in d ia-

er ing wi th,shor t's along the ribs:yellowish brownt b rown : odo rharacteristicred.glucuronosylluteolin-7-gluco-nin-7-glucurono-ide, apigenin-7-' : p-cymene. d i -, q and p-pine-

0-phel landrene.r rp inene. myrce-ne. pcaryophvl-

tone,2 cuminal -per i l la ldehyde,[2 etc.

antispasmodic,e,diuretig aphro-emmenagogue.t

nrnil'm crispungvlilL)iry-Shawae.:ed. Garden or'ars ley Fru i t .iurope and Asia

s ovate: mer i -a l ly separated.taped. f rom 2 toength and aboutd iameten exter-' ish to grey ishving --r yellowislrprominent r ibs.wi th roughened

Botanical nameFamilyEnglish narne

tlabitat

Description of part used

Constituents

$;;.-P '

Ju l . -SeP t . Vah ido i Un t v '

1 9 8 2 l . P h a r m . 5 c t 'V o l . 9 N o . J

Cdnstituents :

, . , r , , - r , , !d : , rc l t l i l t t . l t l s te

crr r rac i i ' r is i i . r r r i l J is t iu ; r '

l1 ' ' r r 'or i rat ic . esPecrai l r 'uhen b=r'uiser.l.A p i in . - 'J iosr t t in . lu teohn-r-aprosrig[ucoside : coz.t ' -

! rase. i :udeh) 'drasel | : a-Pi -nene . i n1 r i s t i c i n . ap i t r l : pe -

t r ( )se i in i . ' ac id. pet rosel id i -

n ic acLi l . pa lmi t ic ac id. r t ty-r i s t i c ac id s tea r i c ac id o le i cacid. l ino le ic ac id.2TLeat j : rundice. menstrualdi l i lcul t ier ast hrna- coughs.i r rd ieest ion ar td dropsy.2

:

< v l(rnuuargrsruuu)

Canm'carvi Lini.Umbel l i terae.Calau-ay. ( iarawal ' Fru i t .Cararvay Seed.Europe and TemperateA s i a . 'Ve r r ca rps usua l l y sepa ra t -ed. curved" taper ing t r . l -w 'ards both enJs. - l to 7mm.

- rn length, 1.5 to - l

rnnr . in d iarneter : external -l l dark brown to rveakbro*n. i r i th -5 f ' i l i lorm,

1 'e l lowish r ibs betweeneacl t pai r of which, on the,lr-rrsai surlace. occuring asecondary r ibs: odor andtsste afomat ic .

7- Terpinene, l imonene. di 'pen tene. carvone. d ih,v t i ro-ear"one.s t r icyc lene. o-p i -nene. a- thujene. P- fenche-ne . camphene . P -p inene .sabinene. d3 -caTenc, pry-

mene. and terp inolene. t6

Action and us€ ' ' :

Thian-sat-ta-boot

Action and use : .A.s arornat ic . carminat tve.as t r i ngen t . d i u re t i c . an the l -mlr l t lc . e \pectorant , s to-machic. ant ispasmodic. l

Thia- " -tak-taen (riuusr.lot"nrrnu;

Botanical nanre '. .Anetlun graveolens LrnnFamily : L'mbelliferae.

Thian-khao-plueak 1rfi uu$rnlionl

c /

Ca : i en D r i i . { J i l l 5ee d ,S,-t Ll t i l ! ' r: l E riIt-rPc.

! le l re l rp. : u :ual11 iep 'J13i -eC l r td t lee t l 'on i p; t j icet .j :e l t )ocar 'ps broadly ' uval .cornpresseJ. about I to -5mnr - i n l eng th . l . t o I mm.i1 dianre ter : e.\ternall)"brown. g labrous: each me-r i ca rp w i t h 5 r i bs . t he 3dorsal being brown andthe two latera l r ibs which

are yel lowish and wing- l ike:odor and taste aromat ic .Coumarinsl? ; carvone, li-monene,lE c- phellandrene,p-pinene. myristicin. andisomyristicin.12Stomachic.

Foe niculunt vulgore M ille rUmbelliferae.Fennel Seed, Fennel Fruit.Mediteranean region ofL.urope. Western Asia.Mericarps usually separat-ed: cremocarps oblong ornearly cylindrical, from 4

to l0 mm. in length, I to3 mm. in diameter: exter-nally yellowish brown,summit with a short coni-cal stylopodium about 0.5mm. in lenght; each meri-carp with 5 pronrinent,yeliowish. longitudinal pri-

mary ribs; internally sortte-what yellowish brown.with a slender carpophoreattached to each mericarps:odor and taste aromat ic ,

: Fenchone. t t l imonene,camphene. a and P-phellan-drene. myrcelle. c and 0-terp inene. p.cymene. myn-sticin. apiol, cis and trans-oci r r rene, ar le thole : s t igmas-tero[ : petrosel in ic ac id. i i -no le i c ac id , o l e i c ac id2 :coumarinslT ; GABA5 : ru-tin. q uercetin-3 -glucu ro-

English name :Habiur :Description of part used :

Constituents :

Action and use :

Botanical nameFamilyEnglish nameHabitat

Description of part used

Constituents

d :

s .ft:iiE, ,P,i

il,,ai

68 :' a

irr ide. isoquercetrin.l quer-

ce r i rr-.1 -arabinoside, [a'ernp-

fe rol--i -gl u cu ron iCe. taertt p-l erol-. i-arab irrt lsitJe' irtt lumbell i i 'erone.2 ;St inru lant . eronrat ic i canni .r i r t ive.3 natura l ant iss i -, lartts.le and antih.vperten-s lor l . - ,

:i d

(lt luulnOOfiOU)

PIa n tago <.rrufa F o rsli.Plantacinaceae. =Indian Plantago. Pq'l l ium.Bloncle Phyllum. lspaghqla.Spoge! seeds. iNative froni the Caiary ls-lands and Mediteranean re.gions of Southern Luropearrd North Ali ica to WestPakistan.Olate to oro id-oblong, 1.8to 3.3 lnm. in lengt l r . prn-kislr gral'-brown or pirtkish.u'hite s' ith a brown streakon the conver s t r r fbce:each seed in errcased in athin. u4rite husk s'hicli is

<ri r i l t : i t : tnd"i f l tcsl i i .u. 'n.uung rau r l3 -

ltt|llnuta{Jrxon 2525

rrdc,riess ertr,[ tasteless: t lteItusked seeds are dark redanrl her'.!.

: P lar t teuse : l igr tocer ic ac i i l . lz: A ; r l en ru l cen t . ' n r i l d as t r i r t -

genr . and t l re i r ch ie l r ise isin i l ianlroeu arirl .1.. 'sertte-r ! . "

Preparation of test solution.

l . Cl r loro lbrrn e. \ i ra i r .I g o l ' the pui \ :dered t in ig iu i rc inr .esr igated

is ext rected rv i th 5 ml . c i r lor t l lc ' rnr b1 ' shaki r rg. .A l l t lwthe ln ix ture to s tand lor I l r r . . i i l rer ot ' t ' . t ) iv ide I l i r i .o f ' the t l l t ra te lbr co lor r€St tnr rhe resr ior TLC.

, l. E,thanol extract--i g of' the porvdered tlrrrg is relluxed s'ith

tlrree successive quantit ies crf each 50 ml. chlortltbrm-fiher ot'f and discarC rlre i l l trate. The residue is rl ienrelluxeil *ith three successire quarrtir ies r;f each 50rnl. 95-i7 ethanol. Filter olT and concenrrate the coln-bined alcohol extracts to 5 nrl. Divide 3 nrl. fcrr colortest ar :c i rhe rest lbr TLC.

Identif ication.

l . ( ' t r lor test .l . Chrontatcrgraphic analy 's is .

lul . .ScPt.

I 9S2

Constituents.{ction and use

Action and use :

Thian-k led-hoi

Botanical nanreFanrilyEnglish name

llabitat

Description of part used

Chroma. F

. Thian'tTLD

S

S

.t

t5

i: .. Thian-r

' . , 1' l

I

Color test

l . Chloiofornr extract.

Samples

Thian-ciamThian-daeng-!-hian-khao

Thian-yawa-pa-niTh ian-sat-ia-bootTh ian-ta-ta k-tae rr'[

h iar:-khao-p iueakTtr ra-n-kleci-hoia :1 i r i t _ :a . \ op

+

+

++

1

+

+

Dragendorff

Fig . 1

l . t - t i l : r : e i e \ i l J J t

\--

l u l . 'Sepu ' Mah ido l Un iv ' Vo l . 9 No. 3

l 9 E 2 l . P h a r m . S c i '

Sanrp tes

I i r i . in 'danl- [h

ian 'daengTh ian-i.h ao

Thian'Y,rw'a'Pa'niTl': ian-sat-ta-bootTtrian'ta-tak-taenThian-khao-P lueak

Thian-x ledhoiTh ian- ta-koP

ChromatograPhic analYsis

Fint chronwtogrant

Thian-thang-khao ITest so lut io t rLay'er i

Develt-rpirtg rolvent :

.De tect ion

Resui ts

!\ ' !olislr \19+HCl

69f l ra lg l t r I .U. .n.U.

ufrqn 25zn

tas te less : t her are tiark recl

r tocer ic ac iJ . lzt . 'nr i l< i ast r i r t -: i r ch ie l t ise isIt i.. l . l ., sertte-

) r^ M\-eSt l$3ie0

rak ing . . { l l o r i. l ) iv ide ] r , r ii o r TL ( .

retJuxeci n'ithr l . ch loro!brm.residue is rl ienies r:f each 50I l rate the com-3 nl. fc'r color

)ragendorff

l ,i:rsl

,h - , .gi..l!'rF

Fi'r$:F .iir.'

F:.' ' ': '

Liebei'mannBtirchard

Dragendorff

(F ig. t , Di f l 'erent ia t ion of

Chlorobrm extractSil ica gel GFrroHexane-EtOAc-HO.{c I 8 :

l : l

Standard sr l lu t ion : 0-Si tos le lo l J mg10.5 ml .c l t ( ' t j

Spot t ing anrount Test :o lut i t ln l0 p l ,

S ta r t i i l r d so l t r t i on l 0 g l .

Spot t ing amount '

Detectiort

Results

TAS condi t ion

[:yerSolventDetee tionResults

: Test solut ion l0 gl .' l ) uv254

i) Spray u' i th 2..1 'Dini tro-phenylhydrazinePreparat ion: i gofJ.zfC init rophenyl-ltyd razinein 1000 ml. ethanol.add l0 ml. conc. HCI.

: See table 9

!:

['"'t

Second chromatograrrr (Fig. I : Comparison of

Thian-ta-kop arrd Thian-ta-tak-taen )Test solution : Chl,.rrofornl extractLayer : Sil ica gel GFrroDevelooing s<. l lvenl : Benzene-EtOAc 9.5 :0.5

6-C-6

e6

€n

i ) t \ ' . - .i J {

l y Spray' * i th anrsaldehy-cle-t{ ,SQ

: See tsb' le l -8

Tlird chr<tntatogram (Fig. 3 : Cornparison ol

Thian- ta-kop and Thian ' ta ' tak ' taen)

TAS Procedure

150 'C: 5 mi r rs . :10 mg. o l 'the powdered clrug.Silica gel GBenzene-EtOAc 9.5 : 0.5uV.u,See table l0

! = yel tow

S = " iot . ,

Q = o,"ng.

7 = Th ian -khao 'P lu t : ak

8 = Th ian -k l ed ' ho i

9 = Th ian - t a - kop

n- €

eGlgt

6c|eeI

oae&

.C

C@

e@

8g8B

lG r e €9

ia si q@i €6

il . @ @i e @ gl s 6

In

'qlr

I - - [h ia r t ' . . t , r r r r

I = l ' h i a 1 1 - d ; { ' r t A

3 = T h i a n - k h a r r

. l = Th idn -v dw i . p . r - t r i

5 = I h ian-s. t t - t , r 'bout

6 = Th i r n - t a - t ak - ' , acn

F i g . I

O= " f t " t 'p t 'v

< t < I {un I roun 3

rl:c'rrnil"rfl lani i.u..n.u

unrinurn"uufran zszs

$,SS

ycllowish orangc

colorlers

O = b tu ish Ye l lowfluoresccn cc

C = o,uu f luoresccncc

@ = "tol. ,

f luorcsccncc

(l = unaer Uv25a

C= "rt.rrp..y

1]'o? = undcr Uv*,Su

Fig.2 I = Thian-ta-tak-taen2 = Thian-ta-kop3 = Mixture of t anO 2

F ig .3 1=Th ian- ra . tak- taen2 = Thian-ta-kop3 = Mixrure of I and 2

Table 1 Thian-Cam

)

)( l

. ( l

t"' "''.

i r

Color with( . :l:i.

Substances Rf value Rs value

spot I

spot 2

spot 3spot 4

spot 5spot 6

0.04 r u.000.32 ! 0.020.45 r 0.010.53 r 0.020193 t 0.020.98 t O.ot

0.09 t 0.010.76 t 0.011.05 r 0 .051.25 t O.0O2.201 0 .01

2.32 ! 0 .10dark

violet

v io let

violet

v io let

v io let

v io let

Table 2 Thian-daeng

Color withSubstancer Rf value Rs value

spot 1

spo t 2

spo t 3

spo t 4

spo t 5

spo t 6

0.32 r 0.020.43 t 0.010.52 t g.g3

0.79 r 0.0'l0.88 r 0.02

0.98 1 0 .01

0.76 r 0.01l.0l r 0.041.23 ! 0.041 . 8 3 t 0 . 1 72.08 t 0. t+2 .30 ! 0 .12

--

Subr

-

sp(

sp(sp(sp(

spcsp0

spospo

_

violet

v io let

v io let

v io let

v io let

v io let

i i ,.:it{ _ . ' n ,

'ii:il::i.):.i'"iil

M a h i d o l U n i v . V o l . 9 N o . 3

J . P h a r m . 5 c i .

Substances

Tab le 10 ' [ h i r r r - t a " tak - taen and Th ian - ta -kop

Rf value

t 5982

Color wi th UVru,

DISCUSSION

i i ' i . i :3 lr is p,-rssible to sai' lhat "nine kinds ot'Thian"

li iat 'e ttr:rnerly beerl es!sted because tlte.v have been

ly' prescrrheC itr ntan;* old'st-"'- le prescriptions. But

th is srudl ' re ' , 'ea ls that . a t Present . there are t ln ly e ig l r t

k inds , : l ' ' i l r iar r

i t t the ntarket s iuce Tl t ian ' ta 'kop and

Tlr ran. i r - ta . \ - tacr : . s l t ic l t i ' .e i 'e bouel t t i rom di f ferent

drug sto les. hei . : r tg io t l te sante botanical or igrn as u 'e l l

as the ia ine t ' . ; i r t r t . 'a l and p l l r : tochent ica l c l taracters.

l {ence. i t j : necessarv to ensLl re thent bv nrak ing a

conrpar iscr i t rv i i l r aL: ihent ic sar , to les. but rnanl ' pro-

b lerns r re iDCrr , . ! r ' i ic r€r i ln get l ing the aut l tent ic sam-

ples s! r rch arr ' ! ' i { ) t local l l cr i l t ivatec i ones. Such pro-

,blem also haprerrs to o(her commercial crude drugs.

l l cer ta i r t ly ' tske, : a long t i rne to set up thei r s tandardcor l t rcr l t 'or t l re : 'e are qui te a nunrber of them in thenrarket ani l n : ' ,s t o t ' thenr are lacked of un! formi ty .ln order t r ) avr ; i l the ad ' . r l terat ion. the samples shouldbe care i t i i l r : . . - ' r ' r . t€d ior s tud-v- . 1-h is Paper might beuse t ' u l t o r 3 - ( r i l l l i s l l i ng t l r e s tanda rd con t ro l o f o the rcrude r i rue: ; : r I l i . l i i : inc l .

R E F E R E N C E S

i . C o l . i i r l i - \ . C h o p r a , l . C . C h o p r a , K . L . H a n d a , L . D .Ke tu ! - . ( - ' i t l p ra ' s l nd i genous D rug o f l nd i a , " 2nd Ed . ,l : , \ . . l ) : : ; l n ? S u n s , P i i v a t e l i n r i t e d , G a l c u t t r ' ' 1 ? , 1 9 5 8 ,

'Enc i ' c l oped ia o l Common Na t , r r a l I ng re -

F,ror , l , Drugs and Cosmct ics," t rVi lev- inter-

r . i 6 9 , 2 5 7 .

blu ish yel low f l uorescencebluq f luorescencebiue f luorescenceblue f luorescenceblue fluorescenceblue fluorescenceblue fluorescencevicllet i luorescence

3. K .R. K i r t i karand B.D. Basu, " lnd ian Meo ic ina l P lan ts , "

Par t l , A l lahabak, 191 E, p . 627.

4 . K . R. K i r t i kar and B.D. Basu, " lnd ian Med ic ina l P lan ts , "

P a r r l l , A l l a h a b a d , 1 9 1 8 , p . 1 0 5 1 .

5. rrurruJ:l i t i l yr.a.eseo, n:uinsrmcn{nt:unn6 n::n::r-

it l!rtordt, nrir rsl.

6. lv ' l . Hiroe, "Umbell i ferae of A.sia (Excluding lapan)," N o . I E i k o d o , K y o t o 1 9 5 8 , p . 4 4 , 5 l , 5 5 , 7 2 .

?. Fi.w. Yor:ngken, T... tbook of Pharmacognosy, The

Blak is tan Company, Toronto 1950, 614 '21 , 633 '4 , 802 '

a. E. Stanf, "Chromatographische und mikroskopische

Analyse von Drogen, "Gustov Fischer Ve' lag, Stuttgart

t 9 7 0 , p . 1 9 5 .

9 . R.8 . Sa lama, , P lon ta Med. ,2a@1,375 '7 (1973) .

10. M. Mahfouz. M. El-Dakhakhny, l . Phorm. Sci. United

Arob. Rep., 1, 9 (1 960), through Chem. Abstr. 56, 609 I

( 1 9 6 2 ) .

11 . H.H. Toppozada, H.A. Mar loum, M. E l 'Dakhakhny,

Egypt . Med. Ass . , Spec . ,48 ,187 (1965) .

| 2. ll'. Korrer, "Konstitution und I'orkommen der Organis-

chen Pflanzenstoff," Birkhauser Verlag Easel und Stutt 'g a r t , 1 9 5 8 , p . 1 2 O 7 .

i3 . A . f . V i r tanen,T . E t ta la ,Suomen kemis t i teh l i 829 , 107

{ r e56) .14. l .g . Harborance, C.A. Wi l l iams,Phytochemis t ry , 1 1 (5) ,

I 7 4 r ( 1 9 7 2 ) .

15. G.N. Gupta, V.M. Patwardhan, l . Proc. Oit Tecnnoio'

, : i s ts ' Assoc . , 11 , l l l (1958 i , tn rough Chem. Abs t r .53 ,

I r 7 6 7 ( 1 9 5 9 ) .

16. A. Salveson and A.8. SvenCxn,Plonto Med., (1976l ' 30,

v J .

17. E . 5 tah l , D . Har t ing , p1s111s ,ved . , ?9 ( l ) , t , (1976) .'I E. E.fl. Zaraiskaya, \'.G. Eorisyuk , Trudy Khar' hot'.

Form. lnst., l , 190 (1957), through Chem. Abstr. 53,

22753 (1959,l and Refrot. Zhur. Khim., Eiol ' Khirn.

i 4 0 9 5 ( r 9 s 9 ! .

19. A. Sehr, S.F. lvanov, Seife^, Anstr ichn. 78 \6]| , 224

{ I 9 7 6 ) .

spo tS P o rspo rj p o i

S P r l t

spo tspo tspol

Il

)A

-:6-1?

0 . 1 0 t 9 . 6 50.26 t c.050.30 t g .g5

0.4 i t 0 .050.52 t 0 .050.61 r 0 .050.83 r 0.050.88 r 0.05

fu l . .Sept . Mah ido l Un i r " Vo l .9 No. 3

1 . !982. , I ' Pharm' Sc i ' 7 1

Table 3 Thian-khao

Rf vdueColor with

Substances Rs value

spot I

spot 2

spor 3

spo t .4

sp.ot 5

spot 6

Spot 7

0.33 1{ .020..14 t-0.050.50 t '0.010.80 r.0.030.86 * 0.030.92 !,0.020.97 t '0.01

0.79 t 0.081 . 0 4 t 0 . t 81 . r 7 t 9 . 1 q1.89 1 0.03

2.02 r 0.05

2 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 32.30 t 0. t Z

yel low

vio let

v io let

v io let

v io let

v io let

vidlet

dark

dark

dark

Table 4 Thian-yawa-pa-ni

Color withSubsances Rf value Rs value

spot I

spor 2

spot 3

spot 4

spot 5

spot 6

spot 7

0.22 r 0.04

0.34 t 0.03

0.43 t 0.05

0.49 t 0.040.74 t 0.03

0.86 : 0.03

0.96 t 0.01

0 . 5 2 ! 0 . 1 1

0 . 8 1 1 0 . 1 1

1.00 t 0 .14

1 . 1 5 : 0 . 1 7

1 . 7 5 ! 0 . 1 72.02 I 0.1 52.28 ! 0.14

violet

violet

violet

violet

oranSe

violet

violet

dark

If: ' '-

- fil. +i

I

Table 5 Thian-sat-ta.boot

Color widrSubsunces Rf value Rs value

spot I

spot 2

spot 3

spot 4

spot 5

spot--6- -'-

spot 7

spor 8

0 . 1 I t 0 . 0 t0.29 t 0.05

0.37 t 0.03

0.45 t 0.03

0.55 t 0.010.84 r 0.010.94 t 0.010.98 r 0.01

0.26 t 0.04

0.70 t 0 .1 5

0 .88 t 0 .12

1 .07 r 0.13

1 .30 t 0 .10--- t .99 ! 0.1t

2 .22 ! 0 .13

233 ! 0 .12

dark

dark

dark

vio let

v io let

v io let

violet

v io let

violet

vioIet

v io let

: . 1 . ,

' : ,::i. .:iiil

. .. -Df;itr

< t . a i {un g retun 3

I:Ol: lnn!fl lar9l: lr.u.-n.u.

ffi1-lnulautHno 252672

Table 6 Thian-ta-tak-taen and Thian-ta-koo

Color withSubstances Rf value Rs value

spot l

spot 2

spot 3

sDot 4

spot 5

spot 6

0.27 i o.o2

0.35 t 0 .01

0.441 0 .00

0 . 8 1 1 0 . 0 2

0.90 r 0.03

0.99 I 0 .01

0.54 r 0.08

0.83 : 0 .07

1.04 I 0.06'1.91 ! 0.09

2.13 t 0.06

2. -?3 ! 0 .14

dark

dark

v io le t

v io let

v io let

crange

orange

vio let

Table 7 Thian-khao-plueak

Substances Rf value Ri valueColor with

spot 1

sDot 2

spc t 3

spot 4

spcr 5

spot 6

0.26 t 0.030.35 r 0.010.43 r 0.010.81 t c.040.901 0.030.99 t 0.01

0.62 ! 0.100.821 0.051.02 ! 0,051.89 r 0.03

2. i2 ! 0 .04

2.33 ! 0 .14

vio let

v io let

violet

v io let

v io let

v io let

I t is ptItr|.rtre r!

itriidely prescr

Table 8 Thian-kled-hci

. this studr.re,kinds ot ' ' i l r iTlrran. i e-tak.drug str.rres. has the sai l leI lencc. i r iscontpariscrit rblenrs lre enples r r ! r ;ch ar,blem alstl harColor with

Substances Rf vaiue Rs value i f r l t cer ra in ly ' r i

spot 1

spor 2

spot 3

spot 4

spot 5

spot 6

spot 7

0.25 t 0.050.34 t 0.06

0.43 ! 0.02

0.64 r 0.06

0.81 r 0.03

0.89 ! 0.02

0.991 0 .01

0.59 r 0. '160.81 r 0.191.03 t 0.091.52 r 0.071.92 I 0.032.11 ! 0.062.33 t 0.14

vio let

violet

v io let

yel low

violet

v io let

v io let

contro l tbr t lnlarket anil rIn order t , t arhe iaLeiulh. ::uset'ul ior e;tcrude drug: i :

Tabl€ 9 Thian-ra-tak-raen and Thian-ta-kop

Substances Color' with

R E F E R E N C E S

r . L O i . \ : r

K a p u r .

l ; . \ , . i j :

: 1 . U l r : .

- . . ' . , . L

J t d , : 1 : , i

: i i e e . r f

Rf value

spo l

spo' l

I 0.36 I 0.070.70 t 9 .16

dark yellorvish orangedark color less

66

Habitat

Description of part used

Constituents

Action and use

Thiandaeng

Botanical name[:amilyEnglish nameHabitatDescription of part used

Constituents

Botanical nameFamilyEnglish nameHabitat

Description of part used

Constituents

Action and use

Thian-yawa-pa-ni

Botanical nanre

FamilyEnglish name

Habitat

Description of part used

u.u.-n.u2525

Cun t in u nt c.v mi nu n t Linn.Urnbel l i ierae.C u m i n .Medi terar tean Region andNortheast Afr ica.Mer icarps usual ly coheren t .! 'rescenl shaped. somewhatresemble cara '* 'a \ ' : cremo-carps oblong - l to 6 mm. inl eng th .0 .5 t o I mm. i n d ia ime(er . -cover ing u, i th shor tbr is t ly hai rs a long the r ibs:externally yellowish brownto greyish brown: odorand taste character is t icwhen bruised.Luteolin-7-glucuronosylglucoside, Iu teolin-7-gluco-side. apigenin-7-glucurono-syl glucoside, apigenin-7-glucosidera : p-cymene. di-pen teneE , , c and P -p ine -nel2. c and P-phel landrene.a and 7- terp inene. myrce-ne, l imonene. pcaryophyl-

lene. cryptone.2 cuminal -dehyde.rs per i l la ldehyde,phel landral2 etc.St imulant , ant ispasmodic,carm inat ivg d i u reti g aphro -

disiaq and emrnenagogue.2

(rnuurulln't i l)

Pe t ro se linum c ri s pun{MilL)

Nym. ex Airy-ShawUmbel l i ferae.Panle-v Seed. Garden orCommon Pa rs ley F ru i t .Southern Europe and AsiaM ino r .Cremocarps ovate: mer i -carps usual ly separatcd.crescent shaped. i rom I to-l mnr. in length and aboutl--- in diameten exter-nal l l ' gref ish to grey ish

bro*'n. having 5 y'ellowislr

t l l i l -orms. promineut r ibs.a l lernat ing wi th rc l r rg l rened

-

lu t . -SePt

r 982

Consti

Action

BotaniFamil)Englisl

Hsbits

Descrit

Consl

Actic

BotarFami

v a

<, i , j t l :ant tnf , ! f l lnn:uns l oun3 .

UhTINUIOUIJf iRA

Thian-khao ( tnuur l l l )From Mediteranean th roughthe lrvani.. easi'wards tothe north-west of'thdia.Ovate and rapbiing tiru'ardsone end - 3 :1b -+ ang led .

- about 3 . rqm. ' . . in- : length,

and I mm. in:diartretei:ex.ternally blac( ar1d.:rf ticut.ate: odor aniJ t 'a!te slightl,varonlatic ri; lren- bruised.Hederageniq .;or, : mElan t lri-geninI ; ch.olesteroL. compe-s terol, st igmas-1s 1ol:. P -si t o-sterol. c-spi4astercjl l : anda ketone isolated'from theessenr ia l o i l "ca l led n igel -lone. n

Stimulant, carminative.diuretic, emmenagoguq I

antibacterial agent rt anduseful in mild cases ofpuerperal'fever. I

(lnuul|nl)

Lepidiumvtivum Linn.Cruciferae.Garden Cress.

Native of the Levant.Ovate to oblong-lanceolateof 3 sided, frorh 2 ro'3mm. in length artd I to 1.5mm. in diameter; externalreddish brown to darkreddish brown, concave onthe dorsal surface andstrongly longitudinallygrooved on ventral side atone end: inodorous: tasteinsipid.Sinapine. sinapic acid tr :f innemorer; Glucotropao-lin, benzylthiocyanat e.benzylcyaniden ; dihydro-xyglutamic acid.B .

Tonic and alterative. effi-cacious h hiccup, diarrhoea,and skin diseases. lt is alsoused as aphrodisiac. diure-tic and galactogogue.3 Lar-ge doses are believed toproduce abort ion. t

{.i.

Action and use