leadership - orgnization
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Models and TheoriesModels and TheoriesAn OverviewAn Overview
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ObjectiveObjective
ssFind out how diferent leadership modelsFind out how diferent leadership models
and theories have emerged in the last 80and theories have emerged in the last 80
years plus based on researchyears plus based on research
Critically reect on the diferent models andCritically reect on the diferent models and
theories and apply them in a diferent rangetheories and apply them in a diferent range
o! conte"t in the !utureo! conte"t in the !uture
Appreciate the diferent leadership modelsAppreciate the diferent leadership models
and theories and reali#e their strengths andand theories and reali#e their strengths and
wea$nesses in relation to one%s personalwea$nesses in relation to one%s personal
brand o! leadershipbrand o! leadership
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&rocess&rocessone%s e"perienceone%s e"perience
and de'nition o!and de'nition o!
leadershipleadership
reection andreection and
sharingsharing
one%sone%s
leadershipleadershiptests resultstests results
researchresearch
'ndings'ndings
(uestions)(uestions)conclusions)conclusions)
commentscomments
r
elate
re
late
ana
ly#
ana
ly#
eecla
r
i!y
clar
i!y
e"ploree"plore
re*re*
appropriatappropriatee
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+ * , * -+ * , * -what do . +/O, about leadershipwhat do . +/O, about leadership
models and theoriesmodels and theories
what do . ,A/T to $now aboutwhat do . ,A/T to $now aboutleadership models and theoriesleadership models and theories
,hat did . -1A2/ about,hat did . -1A2/ about
leadership models and theoriesleadership models and theories
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Models and TheoriesModels and Theories
o! -eadershipo! -eadershipTrait Theory 340%s5Trait Theory 340%s56ehavioral Theory6ehavioral Theory
370%s and 0%s5370%s and 0%s5
Contingency TheoryContingency Theory
390s and :0s5390s and :0s5
Trans!ormationalTrans!ormational
Theory 380s up5Theory 380s up5Others; emergent)Others; emergent)
distributed) shared)distributed) shared)
level leadership)level leadership)
etc
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Theories o!Theories o!
-eadership 3!ocus-eadership 3!ocuso! research5o! research5
traittraitss
s$illss$ills conte"tconte"t ethicalethical
6ehaviora6ehaviorall
TraitTrait ContingencyContingencyTrans!ormatioTrans!ormatio
nalnal
styles=types o!styles=types o!
leadersleaders
1930s1930s 1940s/50s1940s/50s 1960s/70s1960s/70s 1980s1980s
!ollower!ollowerss
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de'ning leadershipde'ning leadershipwhat is it all aboutwhat is it all about
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.magining -eadership.magining -eadership
,hat does leadership loo$ li$e,hat does leadership loo$ li$e
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-eadershi-eadershi
ppwhat iswhat isleadershipleadership
what arewhat aresome o! thesome o! the
neededneeded
capabilities incapabilities in
being a leaderbeing a leader
today 3c!5Test >5
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2eection >2eection >-oo$ing at test > * divide which capabilities-oo$ing at test > * divide which capabilities
re!er to a5 personal) b5 interpersonal) c5re!er to a5 personal) b5 interpersonal) c5cognitive) and d5 s$ills and $nowledgecognitive) and d5 s$ills and $nowledge (do your(do your
best)best)
Choose ? C1Os !rom Article > and relate it toChoose ? C1Os !rom Article > and relate it to
T1@T > ran$ing leadership capabilities and yourT1@T > ran$ing leadership capabilities and yourde'nitionde'nition
Figure out what capabilities these C1Os haveFigure out what capabilities these C1Os have
based on your choices and de'nition o!based on your choices and de'nition o!
leadershipleadership
iscuss your answers with the groupiscuss your answers with the group
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-eadership-eadership
FunctionsFunctionswhat we do when we leadwhat we do when we lead
what is e"pected o! us when we leadwhat is e"pected o! us when we lead
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7 Main Functions7 Main Functions
Emotiona !timuationEmotiona !timuation
E"ecuti#eE"ecuti#e
$arin%$arin%
&eanin% 'ttri(ution&eanin% 'ttri(ution
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emotionalemotional
stimulationstimulation
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e"ecutive !unctione"ecutive !unction
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caring !unctioncaring !unction
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meaning attributionmeaning attribution
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2eection ?2eection ?-oo$ing at test ? * what are the leadership-oo$ing at test ? * what are the leadership
!unctions that . am most com!ortable with!unctions that . am most com!ortable with
least com!ortable withleast com!ortable with
6ased on the ? C1Os chosen !rom Article > *6ased on the ? C1Os chosen !rom Article > *
relate it now to the 7 main !unctions o!relate it now to the 7 main !unctions o!
leadershipleadership
Figure out what leadership !unctions theseFigure out what leadership !unctions these
C1Os e"ercised< 2e!er to test ? to reviewC1Os e"ercised< 2e!er to test ? to review
some itemssome items
iscuss your answers with the groupiscuss your answers with the group
1f i
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1fective1fective
-eadership-eadershiphigh in caringhigh in caring
high in meaninghigh in meaningattributionattribution
moderate in emotionalmoderate in emotional
stimulation stimulation
moderate in e"ecutivemoderate in e"ecutive
!unction!unction
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Trait TheoryTrait Theorya theor) that concernsa theor) that concernsitse* soe) +ithitse* soe) +ith
eader characteristicseader characteristics
,!to%di- 1948 &ann,!to%di- 1948 &ann
19591959studies identiedstudies identied
certain personacertain persona
characteristics thatcharacteristics that
appear to dierentiateappear to dierentiateeaders *rom *oo+erseaders *rom *oo+ers
(asic premise is that(asic premise is that
eaders are (orneaders are (orn
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2eection 42eection 4
-oo$ing at test 4 * what are the leadership-oo$ing at test 4 * what are the leadership
traits that . consider my strengths mytraits that . consider my strengths my
limitationslimitations
6ased on the ? C1Os chosen !rom Article > *6ased on the ? C1Os chosen !rom Article > *
relate it now to the leadership traitsrelate it now to the leadership traits
Figure out what leadership traits theseFigure out what leadership traits theseC1Os would demonstrate during their li!e
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Contribution o! theContribution o! the
Trait TheoryTrait Theory2dentied certain characteristics o* the person as2dentied certain characteristics o* the person as
essentia in demonstratin% eadership (eha#ioressentia in demonstratin% eadership (eha#ior
eadership (eha#ior *aciitatin% %oa attainmenteadership (eha#ior *aciitatin% %oa attainment
and recruitment o* *oo+ers re%ardess o* theand recruitment o* *oo+ers re%ardess o* theconte"tconte"t 3 usual traits53 usual traits5
.ntelligence.ntelligence
sel!*con'dencesel!*con'dencedeterminationdetermination
integrityintegrity
sociabilitysociability
,hi h d,hi h d
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,hich do you,hich do you
pre!erpre!erCandidate A * Associates withCandidate A * Associates withcroo$ed politicians) and consultscroo$ed politicians) and consultswith astrologists< Bes had twowith astrologists< Bes had twomistresses< Be also chainmistresses< Be also chain
smo$es and drin$s (uite a !ewsmo$es and drin$s (uite a !ewmartinis a day
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6ehavioral Theory6ehavioral Theory
traitstraitsbehavibehavi
orsors
s$illss$ills
!ollowe!ollowersrs
stylesstyles
-eader-eaderss
patternspatternso!o!
behaviorsbehaviorswereweregroupedgroupedtogethertogether
as stylesas styles
C ti ! - d hiC ti ! - d hi
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Continuum o! -eadershipContinuum o! -eadership
6ehavior6ehavior
autocraticautocratic
democratidemocraticc
urce; Tannenbaum and @chmidt5urce; Tannenbaum and @chmidt5
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Test * @tyles o! -eadershipTest * @tyles o! -eadership
a5 . want both o! youa5 . want both o! youto
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ariations o!ariations o!
6ehavioral Theory6ehavioral TheoryMcGregor 3>H905 * Theory I and Theory EMcGregor 3>H905 * Theory I and Theory EOhio @tate Jniversity and Jniversity o!Ohio @tate Jniversity and Jniversity o!
Michigan 2esearches * two dimensions;Michigan 2esearches * two dimensions; a5a5Consideration=1mployee OrientationConsideration=1mployee Orientation3!riendship) mutual trust) respect and3!riendship) mutual trust) respect and
warmth5 andwarmth5 andb5 .nitiatingb5 .nitiating
@tructure=&roduction Orientation@tructure=&roduction Orientation3organi#es and de'nes roles) patterns o!3organi#es and de'nes roles) patterns o!
organi#ation) channels o! communication)organi#ation) channels o! communication)
and ways o! getting jobs done5and ways o! getting jobs done5
f i @ l !1f ti @t l !
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1fective @tyles o!1fective @tyles o!
-eadership-eadership
evelopereveloper
2 (e )our2 (e )ourmentormentor
1"ecutive1"ecutiveThis is %oodThis is %ood
*or the*or the
compan) andcompan) and)ou)ou
6ureaucrat6ureaucratets %etets %et
this done andthis done ando#er +itho#er +ith
6enevolent6enevolent
AutocratAutocrate aree are
doin% a %ooddoin% a %ood
o(o(
production orientationproduction orientation
eemm
pplloo
yyeeee
oorrii
eennttaa
ttiioonn
. f i @ l !. f ti @t l !
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.nefective @tyles o!.nefective @tyles o!
-eadership-eadership
MissionaryMissionary2m here to2m here to
care *orcare *or
)ou.)ou.
CompromisCompromiserer
ets meetets meetha*+a)ha*+a)
esertereserter
2 +i et2 +i etthem (ethem (e
AutocratAutocrat:o as 2 sa):o as 2 sa)
eemm
pplloo
yyeeee
oorrii
eennttaa
ttiioonn
production orientationproduction orientation
a e an ou on anager aa e an ou on anager a
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a e an ou on anager aa e an ou on anager aGridGrid
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ContingencyContingency
TheoryTheory&an) eadership modes not&an) eadership modes noton) take into account theon) take into account theeader/*oo+er reationship (uteader/*oo+er reationship (ut
aso reai;e that situationaaso reai;e that situationa
#aria(es aect eadership#aria(es aect eadership
per*ormanceper*ormance6 &$ $ontin%enc)6 &$ $ontin%enc)
mode- ?erse) and @anchardsmode- ?erse) and @anchards
situationa eadership mode-situationa eadership mode-
the path%oa theor) o*the path%oa theor) o*eadership- the mutipe inka%eeadership- the mutipe inka%e
mode o* eadership- eadershipmode o* eadership- eadership
su(stitute theor)- and Aroomsu(stitute theor)- and Aroom
and Bettons normati#e decisionand Bettons normati#e decision
modemode
traitstraits (eha#iors(eha#iors
situationsituation
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Bersey and 6lanchardBersey and 6lanchard
&articipati&articipatingng
C&?i%hC&?i%h>&o+>&o+
@elling@ellingCoachingCoaching
C&o+C&o+>&?i%h>&?i%h
elegatinelegatin
ggC&?i%hC&?i%h>&?i%h>&?i%h
TellingTelling
irectingirectingC&o+C&o+>&o+>&o+
ssuupp
ppoorrttiivvee
directive * tas$sdirective * tas$s
rreell
aa
ttiioo
nn
sshh
ii
pp
ss
KjobKjobmaturitymaturity
Kpsycho*Kpsycho*logicallogical
maturitymaturity
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2eection 72eection 7-oo$ing at test 7 and * what are the leadership-oo$ing at test 7 and * what are the leadership
behaviors=styles am . most com!ortable with leastbehaviors=styles am . most com!ortable with least
com!ortable with Bow would you consider thecom!ortable with Bow would you consider the
situation as a variablesituation as a variable
6ased on Article ? concerning ? bas$etball coaches *6ased on Article ? concerning ? bas$etball coaches *
relate it now to their leadership behaviors=stylesrelate it now to their leadership behaviors=styles
and their situation
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Contribution=-imitationContribution=-imitation
o! 6ehavioral=@ituationalo! 6ehavioral=@ituational
TheoryTheoryamost the same issues +ith the trait approachamost the same issues +ith the trait approachcause and eect +ere not considered *u)cause and eect +ere not considered *u)
(eha#iors #ar) as much as the situation chan%es(eha#iors #ar) as much as the situation chan%es
ho+e#er- there are isoated patterns o* (eha#iorsho+e#er- there are isoated patterns o* (eha#iors
%rouped into 4 cate%ories as essentia to%rouped into 4 cate%ories as essentia to
eadership (eha#iors +hate#er the situation iseadership (eha#iors +hate#er the situation is
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7 Categories 3>>7 Categories 3>>
behaviors5behaviors56uilding 2elationships6uilding 2elationships
>< /etwor$ing>< /etwor$ing ?< @upporting?< @upporting 4< Managing conict4< Managing conict
.nuencing &eople.nuencing &eople 7< Motivating7< Motivating
< 2ecogni#ing and rewarding< 2ecogni#ing and rewarding
Ma$ing ecisionsMa$ing ecisions 9< &lanning and organi#ing9< &lanning and organi#ing :< &roblem solving:< &roblem solving 8< Consulting and delegating8< Consulting and delegating
Giving = @ee$ingGiving = @ee$ing
n!ormation!ormation H< Monitoring operations andH< Monitoring operations and
environment environment
>0< .n!orming>0< .n!orming >>< Clari!ying roles>>< Clari!ying roles
source;source;Eu$lEu$l
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,hat would you,hat would you
dodoIf you knew a teacher whoIf you knew a teacher who
was pregnant, who had 8was pregnant, who had 8
kids already, three who werekids already, three who weredeaf, two who were blind,deaf, two who were blind,
one mentally retarded, andone mentally retarded, and
she had syphilis; how wouldshe had syphilis; how would
you come up with ayou come up with arecommendation? What willrecommendation? What will
your groupsyour groups
recommendation be?recommendation be?
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Trans!ormationalTrans!ormational
TheoryTheory
ooks at the contin%enc)ooks at the contin%enc)
mode (ut +ith amode (ut +ith a
dierencedierence
introduce the #aria(e o*introduce the #aria(e o*eaders ha#in% an ethicaeaders ha#in% an ethica
and mora o(i%ation toand mora o(i%ation to
their *oo+ers and to thetheir *oo+ers and to the
mission o* themission o* theor%ani;ationor%ani;ation
%eared to+ards *oo+er%eared to+ards *oo+er
%ro+th and de#eopment%ro+th and de#eopment
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what didwhat did
you do toyou do tochange thechange the
worldworld
is it possibleis it possible!or one idea!or one idea
to changeto changethe worldthe world
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ariations o!ariations o!
Trans!ormationalTrans!ormational-eadership-eadership$harismatic eadership ,ro(ert house$harismatic eadership ,ro(ert house
Transactiona #s. Trans*ormationa ,(urns (assTransactiona #s. Trans*ormationa ,(urns (ass
!er#ant eadership ,%reenea*!er#ant eadership ,%reenea*
:istri(uted eadership ,(e(in:istri(uted eadership ,(e(in
i#in% !)stems ,+heate)i#in% !)stems ,+heate)
e#e Di#e eadership ,im coinse#e Di#e eadership ,im coins
eaders as cata)st o* chan%e +arren (ennis-eaders as cata)st o* chan%e +arren (ennis-
ames kou;es and (arr) posner- stephen co#e)ames kou;es and (arr) posner- stephen co#e)eaders as strate%ic #isionaries peter sen%eeaders as strate%ic #isionaries peter sen%e
,s)stems thinkin% and earnin% or%ani;ation,s)stems thinkin% and earnin% or%ani;ation
eadership and !pirituait) *uan-mo"e)- ;ohar-eadership and !pirituait) *uan-mo"e)- ;ohar-
neson -*r)eneson -*r)e
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2eection 2eection -oo$ing at test 9* what are the leadership !actors-oo$ing at test 9* what are the leadership !actors
am . most com!ortable with least com!ortableam . most com!ortable with least com!ortable
withwith
6ased on Articles >=? concerning ? bas$etball6ased on Articles >=? concerning ? bas$etball
coaches or ? C1Os chosen * relate it now to thecoaches or ? C1Os chosen * relate it now to the
diferent leadership !actors
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,hat,hat
motivatemotivatess
leadersleaders
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Attitude reectsAttitude reects
leadershileadershipMotivation shapes attitudesMotivation shapes attitudes
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basicbasic
motivationsmotivations
valuesvalues
needsneeds
attitudeattitudess
behaviorbehaviorss
shapeshape bring aboutbring about
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2eection 92eection 9
-oo$ing at test 9* what are the leadership-oo$ing at test 9* what are the leadership
motivations am . most com!ortable with leastmotivations am . most com!ortable with least
com!ortable withcom!ortable with
6ased on Article >=? concerning ? bas$etball6ased on Article >=? concerning ? bas$etball
coaches or ? C1Os chosen * relate it now to thecoaches or ? C1Os chosen * relate it now to the
leadership motivations
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,hat,hat
motivatesmotivatesleadersleadersneed !or;need !or;
achievementachievement
aDliationaDliation
powerpower
ood leadershipood leadership po+er F achie#ement F aGiati po+er F achie#ement F aGiati
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-asallian-asallian
-eadership-eadership
what did .what did .
learn so !arlearn so !ar
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2eection :2eection :
-oo$ing at handout ? * there are traits)-oo$ing at handout ? * there are traits)
behaviors) !unctions) motivations) styles)behaviors) !unctions) motivations) styles)
!actors etc that are part and parcel o! what!actors etc that are part and parcel o! what-asallian leadership is all about
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!aith!aith
serviceservice
communioncommunion
motivationmotivation
ethicsethics
traitstraits
predispositionpredisposition
ss
!unctions!unctions
s$illss$ills
behaviorbehavior
ss stylesstyles
visionvision
spiritualityspirituality
CO/T1ITCO/T1ITministryministry &A2C&A2Ccountrycountry
cultureculture
communitycommunity
traditionstraditions
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&ersonal -eadership&ersonal -eadership
6rand6rand
be yoursel! L more withbe yoursel! L more with
s$ills$ill
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why should anyone be led by youwhy should anyone be led by you
predisposipredisposi
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predisposipredisposi
tionstions
traitstraits
motivationmotivation
ss
!unctions!unctions
s$ills=behas$ills=behaviorsviors
stylesstyles
visionvisionethicsethics
spiritualityspirituality
LL
LL
&ersonal&ersonal
6rand o!6rand o!-eadership-eadership
!aith!aith
serviceservicecommuniocommunio
nn
ll
aamm
s is iaa
ssllss
l il i
iiooaa
nn
nn
bli hi h
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>< 1stablishing the>< 1stablishing the
esired 2esultsesired 2esultsCustomers=Clients;Customers=Clients; +ho are the)H +hat do the)+ho are the)H +hat do the)
e"pect *rom )ouH +hat ser#ice are )ou oerin%e"pect *rom )ouH +hat ser#ice are )ou oerin%
themHthemH
@ta$eholders;@ta$eholders; +ho are the)H +hat do the) e"pect+ho are the)H +hat do the) e"pect
*rom )ouH +hat can )ou do to%ether to meet the*rom )ouH +hat can )ou do to%ether to meet the
needed e"pectationsH +hat outcomes do )ou +ishneeded e"pectationsH +hat outcomes do )ou +ish
to compete to%etherH +hat do the) need *rom )ouHto compete to%etherH +hat do the) need *rom )ouH
Organi#ationOrgani#ation= ho+ can )our team hep e"ecute on= ho+ can )our team hep e"ecute on
its strate%)Hits strate%)H
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samplesample
Customer=Client;Customer=Client; mar%inai;ed )outh in to+nmar%inai;ed )outh in to+n
'- >akistan pro#ide catechetica *ormation and'- >akistan pro#ide catechetica *ormation and
eadership capa(iitieseadership capa(iities
@ta$eholders@ta$eholders= @rothers- trainors- catechists-= @rothers- trainors- catechists-
parish communit)- parents or%ani;e %roupsparish communit)- parents or%ani;e %roups
accordin% to roes/responsi(iities in #ie+ o*accordin% to roes/responsi(iities in #ie+ o*
pro#idin% catechetica *ormation and eadershippro#idin% catechetica *ormation and eadership
capa(iitiescapa(iities
Organi#ationOrgani#ation= the team +i dene their= the team +i dene their
e"pectations and dee%ate responsi(iitiese"pectations and dee%ate responsi(iities
accordin% to competenciesaccordin% to competencies
? ecide what you? ecide what you
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?< ecide what you?< ecide what youwish to be $nownwish to be $nown
!or!orChoose ?*4 importantChoose ?*4 importanttraits=motivations you wish totraits=motivations you wish tobe $nown !orbe $nown !or
Choose ?*4 importantChoose ?*4 importantcapabilities) !unctions) styles)capabilities) !unctions) styles)
behaviors you wish to be $nownbehaviors you wish to be $nown
!or!or
Choose ?*4 !actors !rom theChoose ?*4 !actors !rom thetrans!ormational leadership youtrans!ormational leadership you
wish to be $nown !orwish to be $nown !or
O2;O2; Choose 9*8 words=phrasesChoose 9*8 words=phrases
that you wish to be $nown !or
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4< e'ne your4< e'ne your
identityidentityuse the 9use the 9words=phrases towords=phrases to
reect your desiredreect your desired
identityidentity
what you wish to bewhat you wish to be
$nown !or plus how do$nown !or plus how do
you wish to get youryou wish to get your
act togetheract together
e"periment with manye"periment with many
combinations with thecombinations with the
9 words=phrases9 words=phrases
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@ample@ample
collaborativecollaborative
independentindependent
deliberatedeliberate
innovativeinnovative
results*orientedresults*oriented
strategicstrategic
independentlyindependentlyinnovativeinnovative
deliberatelydeliberately
collaborativecollaborative
strategicallystrategicallyresults orientedresults oriented
7 C t t7 C t t
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7< Construct your7< Construct your
leadership brandleadership brandstatementstatement
. want to be $nown !or. want to be $nown !orbeing NNNNNNNNNNNN sobeing NNNNNNNNNNNN so
that . can deliverthat . can deliverNNNNNNNNN
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samplesample
. want to be $nown !or being. want to be $nown !or being
independently innovative,independently innovative,
deliberately collaborative,deliberately collaborative, andandstrategically results orientedstrategically results orientedsoso
that . can deliverthat . can deliver efectiveefective
educational outcomes or theeducational outcomes or the
catechetical ormation andcatechetical ormation andleadership capabilities in town A,leadership capabilities in town A,
PakistanPakistan
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Criti(uingCriti(uing
.s this the brand identity that best
.s this the brand identity that best
represents who . am and what . canrepresents who . am and what . can
do .! you lived this declaration o!do .! you lived this declaration o!
leadership) would you see yoursel!leadership) would you see yoursel!
as success!ul Are you willing to tellas success!ul Are you willing to tellothers that this is your personalothers that this is your personal
leadership brandleadership brand
.s this brand identity something that.s this brand identity something thatcreates value in the eyes o! mycreates value in the eyes o! my
organi#ation and $ey sta$eholdersorgani#ation and $ey sta$eholders
.s this something that is needed.s this something that is needed
QQ ,hat ris$s am . ta$ing by,hat ris$s am . ta$ing by
e"hibiting this brand ,hat will thee"hibiting this brand ,hat will the
brand $eep you !rom understandingbrand $eep you !rom understandingand doin and doing
C iti iCriti(uing
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Criti(uingCriti(uing,hat ris$s am . ta$ing by,hat ris$s am . ta$ing by
e"hibiting this brand ,hat wille"hibiting this brand ,hat willthe brand $eep you !romthe brand $eep you !rom
understanding and doingunderstanding and doing
Can . live this brand o you haveCan . live this brand o you have
the ability to translate thethe ability to translate the(ualities you articulate in your(ualities you articulate in yourleadership brand statement intoleadership brand statement into
day*to*day behavior Can youday*to*day behavior Can you
ma$e speci'c time commitmentsma$e speci'c time commitmentsto live the leadership brand youto live the leadership brand you
espouse Can you translate it intoespouse Can you translate it intothe decisions and choices youthe decisions and choices you
ma$ema$e
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-eadership 6rand-eadership 6randMa$e it real by sharing itMa$e it real by sharing itwith others and invitingwith others and inviting
!eedbac$ !rom them!eedbac$ !rom them
6rands evolve and are6rands evolve and are
dynamic * ma$e sure youdynamic * ma$e sure yougrow in maturity and sel!*grow in maturity and sel!*
awarenessawareness
A brand is li$e yourA brand is li$e your
signaturesignature
-eadership brand is a-eadership brand is acallingcalling
- d hi- d hi
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-eadership as a-eadership as a
callingcalling
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a i*eon% endea#or stud)- practicaa i*eon% endea#or stud)- practicaappication- ed e"perience- insi%htsappication- ed e"perience- insi%hts
technica ececticism approachtechnica ececticism approach
theoretica inte%ration approachtheoretica inte%ration approach
common *actor approachcommon *actor approach
eadership as an art ,creati#e s)nthesis and aeadership as an art ,creati#e s)nthesis and a
science ,ri%orous discipinescience ,ri%orous discipine
2nte%ration2nte%ration
A i ti *A i ti *
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Aariations o*Aariations o*
$ontin%enc) Theor)$ontin%enc) Theor)?erse) and @anchard ,1977?erse) and @anchard ,1977>ath Ioa eadership Theor) ,Jo(ert ?ouse->ath Ioa eadership Theor) ,Jo(ert ?ouse-
19711971&utipe inka%e &ode ,Iar) Buk- 1981- 1989&utipe inka%e &ode ,Iar) Buk- 1981- 1989
eadership !u(stitutes Theor) ,Kerr andeadership !u(stitutes Theor) ,Kerr and
Cermier- 1978Cermier- 1978
Lormati#e eadership Theor) ,Aroom andLormati#e eadership Theor) ,Aroom and
BettonBetton
i it ti * th T iti it ti * th T it
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imitations o* the Traitimitations o* the Trait
Theor)Theor)*ocused on the eader per se and ha#e minimi;ed*ocused on the eader per se and ha#e minimi;edthe impact o* the *oo+ers and the situationthe impact o* the *oo+ers and the situation
assumed eadership +as innate cause and eectassumed eadership +as innate cause and eect
+ere not addressed+ere not addressed
*aied to account +h) certain eaders +oud (e*aied to account +h) certain eaders +oud (e
eecti#e in certain situations )et not in otherseecti#e in certain situations )et not in others
it presumes that traits are sta(e across timeit presumes that traits are sta(e across time
uni#ersa traitsHuni#ersa traitsH
*aied to oer a %uideine *or eadership*aied to oer a %uideine *or eadership
de#eopmentde#eopment
not an e"act science- e.%.- measurement o* traitsnot an e"act science- e.%.- measurement o* traits
,hy,hy
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decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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,hat,hatdoesdoes
leadershileadership loo$p loo$
li$eli$e
,hy,hy
shouldshould
anyone beanyone beled byled by
youyou
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behaviorsbehaviors
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FaithFaith
CommuCommu
nionnion
@ervice@ervice
cognitivecognitive
personalpersonalinter*inter*
personalpersonal
traitstraitsbehaviorsbehaviors
!unctions!unctions
stylesstyles
motivesmotives
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