lecture 11 landscape service on eco tourism
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11/27/2011
1
LANDSCAPE SERVICES
ON ECOTOURISM
Hadi Susilo ArifinPSL-SPs IPB
PSL 634:
KEBIJAKAN & MANAJEMEN EKOWISATA
Kuliah Minggu ke 11
HS Arifin Doc.
KEY WORDS:
Landscape Services ~ Environmental Services
Watershed Management
HS Arifin Doc.
INTRODUCTION
As a tropical country, Indonesia having wet tropical climate with high temperature and high humidity high biological productivity.
Indonesia has highly diverse in its ecosystem such as that in its waters, beaches, low land areas, and higher up to the mountains in which the watershed area divide into units.
Landscape ecology focuses on three characteristics of the landscape, i.e. structure, function and change.
Bio-physically, the landscape structure in the upper stream differs significantly from that downstream.
Ecologically, the upper stream and down stream areas are closely related in terms of material and energy flow.
WATERSHED ~ CATCHMENT AREA ~
WATER BASIN
Is an area of internal drainage, the size an shape of which is determined by surface topography.
Is completely encircled by a divide or a ridge line.
Precipitation falling on one side of the divide drains toward the outlet or mouth of the watershed on that side of the divide.
FACTORS MEDIUM FORMS
Climate
Geognostic Land
surface
Climatic soil NATURAL
Vegetational drainage LANDSCAPE
mineral resources
X Sea and coast
Vegetation
FIG. THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE
TIME
FACTORS MEDIUM FORMS
Population
density
mobility
Housing
Culture TIME plan
structure
Production
Communication
XX
CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE
Natural Landscape
FIG. THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
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PROBLEM Landscape changes are serious matters due to
changes in agricultural activities toward industrialization, urbanization, and commercial agricultural land.
The landscape matrix is made more diverse as a consequence of the interaction between physical factors and human efforts to exploit and even overcome them.
The form of this exploitation has changed over time to reflect social and technological change and the impact of occasional phenomena.
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Sustainable Rural Landscape Development
Integrated Rural Landscape Planning
Transformation of
Rural Landscape
Institutional
DevelopmentInfrastructure
Development
People
Participation
Watershed Based Ecological Development Programs
FIG. RESEARCH PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Landscape Ecological Studies on Sustainable Bio-resources Management
LANDSCAPE SERVICES: Water Resources Management, Carbon
Sequestration, Biodiversity Conservation, Landscape Beautification
Down stream
Middle stream
Upper Stream
JAKARTA
DEPOK
BOGOR
DISTRICT
BOGOR
CITY
BOGOR
DISTRICT
* Flat area
* High density of population
* Dense settlements
* Water/industrial pollution
* Lack of greenery open space
* Trading & services area
* Flat – undulating area
* High density of population
* Settlements & new settlements
* Industrial areas & pollution
* Abandon lands
* Agricultural farmlands
* Land use changing
* Hilly – mountainous area
* Poverty, low of land property right
* Agricultural farmlands
* Big plantation estates
* Mineral water exploration
* Forest & greenery open space
The Characteristics of
Ciliwung Watershed(Source: Environmental Analysis
& Spatial Modeling Laboratory,
Faculty of Forestry-IPB, 2002)
LAND EVALUATION OF PROTECTED AREA IN THE
UPPER STREAM OF CILIWUNG WATERSHED
Physical factors: elevation, slope, soil, riparian, the main of catchment area, the high ground movement.
The results: protected area (84.1 %), and non-protected area (15.9 %).
Present land cover classification in the upper stream of Ciliwung watershed, the ratio of forest and non-forest area is 37.4%: 62.6%.
This means to cover the protected area which resulted from map of distribution of protected area (84.1%), these should be some efforts and activities such as re-vegetation, producing land use policies as well as law enforcement by the government.
ECOLOGICAL & INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES
PROMOTING
People traditionally carried out agriculture and forestry in which people made symbiotic use of ‘ecological circulation in forest and water’, and therefore in harmony with nature.
Homegarden (Pekarangan) is a multistory, circular system for bio-resource utilization, which is practiced within settlements. Rural Pekarangan contributes to maintenance of food for subsistence during economic crisis.
Agroforestry System: Complex Agroforestry, Simple Agroforestry, Agroforestry Landscapes. These system can conserve the environment. So the possibility of sustainability is warranted.
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RURAL PEKARANGAN SYSTEM TUMPANG SARI
COMPLEX
AGROFORESTRY
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SIMPLE AGROFORESTRY
K. Takeuchi
Local level component for landscape planning,
agreements, management and monitoring
Local WS monitoring & assessment
Localization:
Participatory
land use
planning Digitized
local plan
Analytical modeling:
potential, constraint,
interactions, impacts,
trade offs, priorities
Negotiation: communities, local
institution, watershed mgt. Network,
government agencies, other
stakeholders
Public Information for
Policy: overall resource
condition & use pattern
Sub-basin GIS:
provides
information,
consolidates plans
RS Land Use
monitoring:
transparency,
accaount-
ability
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE
RURAL UPLAND POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES(RUPES)
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ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 1
Many upland and mountaincommunities in Asia manage landscapes that provide environmental services to outside beneficiaries. HS Arifin Doc.
ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 2
The services they provide include clean and abundant water supplies from watersheds, biodiversity protection, stocks of carbon that may alleviate global warming and landscape beauty for recreation and tourism.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 3
However upland communities are not sharing in the benefits that these services provide. Rewarding the poor upland communities for providing environmental services would enhance their livelihoods and reduce poverty.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CONNECTED WITH
FOREST AND WATERSHEDS
Protection of biodiversity
Maintenance of water flows and water quality
Sequestration of carbon
Landscape beauty and amenity
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PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Identification and assessment of environmental service functions across a range of settings, and where and how these services are currently arranged
Development and testing of a variety of reward mechanisms at specific sites across a range of settings
HS Arifin Doc.
PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Support of a transparent and enabling environment at local, sub-national and national levels that will ensure that rewards are effective, equitable and sensitive to marginalized groups
Raise the awareness of the potential for rewards for environmental services among government officials and the producers and consumers of these services
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PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Effective partnerships in accomplishing the program’s purpose will be developed and managed
Identification of appropriate and sustainable institutional approaches to foster transfer payment to the upland poor
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THE CERTIFICATE: WE OFFER A PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATE IN
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MANAGEMENT, WHICH IS AWARDED JOINTLY BY TIES AND THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (GWU).
THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE GWU'S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TOURISM
STUDIES, WHICH HAS PROVIDED PROFESSIONAL TOURISM EDUCATION FOR
NEARLY TEN YEARS.
ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT
Ecotourism has proven to be an economically viable alternative for attracting tourism revenue without compromising local community values or degrading the environment. This course provides the tools needed by tourism planners, conservationists, businesses and communities to work together to develop ecotourism plans and products that will attract and accommodate the ecotourist while conserving natural resources and benefiting local people. Designed to help you understand the unique structure of the ecotourism industry, the course provides the most recent information on ecotourism marketing approaches and product development.
COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:
Understand the basic elements of ecotourism, the market and market trends
Assess the potential of individual and group ecotouristspecialty markets
Use green guidelines for operating a successful ecotourism business
Analyze and address the special needs of ecotourists and local communities
Establish an ecotourism planning process at the local and regional levels
Develop trip circuits and travel packages that are safe and offer a wide variety of experiences
Understand the vital role of interpretation and education in adding value
ECOLODGE DEVELOPMENT ecotourism continues to establish itself in the global economy,
the demand for well-planned, environmentally sound lodging facilities is at an all time high. Ecolodges are the answer to this demand. Ecolodges enable the visitor to interact with the natural and cultural surroundings of the region. The facility is created with conservation as a top priority. Innovative water, waste and energy systems lessen impact and promote conservation while planning, construction and operation are carried out in harmony with the natural landscape. This course will help sustainable tourism specialists, investors, resort developers, architects and landscape architects assess the financial feasibility and market potential for an ecolodge. Market research results and trends in this industry will be reviewed in order to more accurately project costs and potential revenue, and determine whether an ecolodge venture is economically viable.
COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:
Assess the market demand for ecolodge types and the experiences they provide Estimate realistic cost projections/revenue potential and develop pricing strategies
Find the best locations and evaluate site development opportunities and constraints
Establish regional planning cooperation
Develop a master plan to incorporate sustainable development and green guidelines into the project
Benefit from the use of renewable energy technologies, and proper water and waste management
Launch a successful ecolodge, including scheduling, budgeting, staffing, "soft" opening, vendor selection, public relations, transportation, and customer service
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR DESTINATIONS
This course focuses on sustainable tourism strategies and innovations, including Agenda 21 and the Green Globe Destination Program. It examines how destinations have improved competitiveness by creating environmentally friendly tourism products and services. The course emphasizes establishing policies and management plans to identify and reduce the environmental impact created by tourism facilities and services, and looks at how to create environmental management systems (EMS) with broad public/private support.
COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:
Identify consumer demand for environmentally friendly tourism
Develop and maintain a unified environmentally sustainable theme for your destination
Develop an EMS policy and strategy, situation analysis, visioning, priority definition, gap analysis, and strategy formation
Plan EMS implementation steps using environmental performance indicators and action plans
Incorporate the EMS process into existing management regimes and design EMS training programs
Review ongoing EMS and make adjustments to reflect failures, successes, and/or changing requirements
SAMPAI JUMPA DI MINGGU KE 12
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