lecture 2: airside

Lecture 2: AIRSIDEBy: Zuliana IsmailPART 2

Airside Signage

Signage

• Airside guidance signs provide direction and information to taxiing aircraft and any vehicles and assist in safe movement of aircraft.

Importance of the Signs

• To show mandatory instructions, information on a specific location or destination in the aerodrome.

• Characteristics of signs:• Clear• Rectangular• Different colors for each category• Illuminated (light up)

guidance signs

Direction signs: To indicate the intersection for aircraft turning.

Destination signs: To show direction to the specific destinations (cargo areas, military areas, international areas, etc.)

Mandatory signs:To indicate that aircraft ARE NOT ALLOWED to

enter (runway entrance & critical areas)

Location signs:To identify aircraft location.

Runway distance remaining signs: Landing distance remaining

guidance signs1. Mandatory signs 2. Location signs

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3. Direction signs4. Destination signs

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5. Runway distance remaining signs

Sign Indicating 3,000 feet of Runway Remaining

guidance signs

Weather Information

Airport Weather Stations

• Every 20 minutes• Observes temperature,

wind speed & direction, visibility, cloud coverage.

• Can’t observe sudden weather change.

• Automated Weather Observing Systems (AWOS)

• Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS)

• Every 1 hour• Observe weather conditions change rapidly.• Current weather, icing, lightning,, air

pressure.

Automated Sensor

Wind Indicators

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Wind Sock

• To Indicate wind direction & speed.• The stronger the wind, the

straighter the wind sock.• Move back and forth when the

wind is gusty.

• To Indicate wind direction only.• To suggest the pilot the runway

to be used

Wind Tee

Guiding pilot to determine the correct runway to use for landing and take off

Wind Indicators

What are the Importanceof Weather Detector?

• To prevent aircraft accidents.• To avoid flight delay or cancellations.• To make management of the air routes more

efficient• To improve the safety of the aircraft in the air.

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Navigational Aid Systems

Navigational Aid Systems• There are a number of navigational aids available in

Airports.• A Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI): helps pilots fly a

perfect approach for landing once they have found the airport.

• VHF Omni directional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport.

• Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) to determine the distance to the airport.

• Instrument Landing System(ILS) to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground.

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A Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI):

Doppler VHF Omnidirectional Range Station (VOR)

Navigational Aids

Instrument Landing System(ILS)

Airport Classification Codes

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Airport Classification Codes

Based on AIRCRAFT(ARC-Aerodrome Reference Code)

Type Of Runway

Approach (NI,NP,P)

Based On Two Elements

Example: 3C NPType of approachAerodrome reference

code

Aerodrome Reference Code

• The aerodromes are coded according to the physical requirements of the critical aircraft

• The aerodrome facilities must meet physical requirements of the critical aircraft

Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC)

ARC is determined by two factors:Code number (1,2..,4) to reflect aircraft operating

performance in terms of balanced field length of runways

• Airplane reference field length (RFL)Code letter (A, B, ..,F) to reflect the aircraft physical

dimensionsWing span (WS)

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Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC)• Airplane reference Field Length (RFL): The

minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass.

• Wing Span (WS)= the maximum extent across the wings of an aircraft

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Wing Span (WS)

Aerodrome Reference Code

Code element 1 Code element 2Airplane referencefield length (RFL)

(2)

Codenumb

er(1)

Wing span (WS)(4)

Codeletter

(3)

RFL < 800 m

800 m ≤ RFL < 1200 m

1 200 m ≤ RFL < 1800 m

1 800 m ≤ RFL

1

2

3

4

WS < 15 m

15 m ≤ WS < 24 m

24 m ≤ WS < 36 m

36 m ≤ WS < 52 m

52 m ≤ WS < 65 m

65 ≤ WS < 80 m

A

B

C

D

E

F

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ExerciseWhat is the airport classification codes for Boeing 747-400 & Airbus 380 landing at the Precision type Runway

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Boeing 747-400 RFL=2990mWS=64.4m

Airbus A380 RFL=>3300

mWS=79.8m

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No

Aircraft type

CodeElement

1

CodeElement

2

Aerodrome

Reference

Code (ARC)

RFL ( m)

Code No.

WS(m)

Code letter

1. ATR 42-200

1010 2 24.6 C ?

2. Fokker: 50

1760 3 29.0 C ?

3. A 320-200 2058 4 33.9 C ?4. A 340-300 2200 4 60.3 E ?

Aerodrome Reference CodeAerodrome Reference Code

Aerodrome Reference Code

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AEROPLANETYPE

REF CODE

ARFL(m)

Wingspan(m)

Lear Jet 55 3A 1292 13.4

Fokker F28-2000 3B 1646 23.6

Fokker:F27-500 3C 1670 29.0

Airbus A300 B2 3D 1676 44.8

Boeing:B737-200B737-300B737-400

4C4C4C

229527492499

28.428.928.9

Boeing:B707-300B757-200B767-200ER

4D4D4D

308820572743

44.438.047.6

Boeing:B747-300B747-400B777-200

4E4E4E

329233832500

59.664.960.9