lecture 2 – ocean zones and basins. atlantic ocean pacific ocean indian ocean arctic ocean oceans...

Lecture 2 – Ocean Zones and Basins

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Oceans of the World

Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Southern - 81% OceanNorthern - 61% Ocean

Earth – 71% ocean

LAND

OCEANLAND

OCEAN

The World’s Water

98%

3%

Saline Water Freshwater

Volumes of the Ocean Basins

Volume (km2 x 106)

Pacific

Atlantic

Indian

Southern

Arctic

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Single Ocean Concept - Antarctic circulation

Single Ocean Concept - Antarctic circulation

Seas of the World

1 - Mediterranean

Seas of the World

2 - North Sea

Seas of the World

3 - Caribbean

Seas of the World

4 - China

Seas of the World

5 - Sea of Okhotsk

Seas of the World

6 - Bering Sea

Other named seas

Arabian

Coral

Tasman

Greenland

Norwegian

Barents

KaraLaptev

East Siberian

Chukchi

Japan

Yellow

East China

LaboradorBeaufort

Red Arafura

Andaman

Java

Celebes BandaTimorSulu

Black Caspian

Celtic

White

Aegean

Adriatic

Sea of Cortez

Phillipine

Aral

Topographical Features of Ocean Basins

Topographical Features of Ocean Basins

Epipelagic

Mesopelagic

Bathypelagic

Abyssalpelagic

Neritic Oceanic

Photic(200 m)

Disphotic(1000 m)

Aphotic(1000 m)

Pelagic

Benthic

Littoral(intertidal)

Sublittoral

Bathyl

Abyssal

Hadal

Topographical Features of Ocean Basins

continental shelf

shelf break

continental slope

abyssal plain

Topographical Features of Ocean Basins

continental shelf

shelf break

continental slope

abyssal plain

Hadal Zone

Mariana Trench

Hadal Zone

Mariana Trench

Hadal Zone

Mariana Trench

Xenophyophore (protist)

Abyssal Plain

Other features of the abyssal plainRidge

Rift

Seamount

Guyot

Abyssal hillsTectonic/volcanic

SedimentarySeamount - mountain in the sea, > 100 m high and not based on a continental shelf.

Guyot – isolated seamount with a flat top over 200 m below the surface

Submarine rift on land

Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Components

Clay Quartz

Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Sediment Transport

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Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Wind Erosion

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Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Volcanic Activity

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Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Fans can be extensive

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Depositional Material in the Oceans

1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Depositional Material in the Oceans

2. Biogenous

CaCO3 from Corals and Molluscs Silica (Si) from Diatoms

Depositional Material in the Oceans

3. Hydrogenous- Precipitated directly from seawater

4. Cosmogenous

Continental Slope

Continental Slope

Continental Shelf

Continental Shelf

Continental Shelf

Intertidal/Littoral Zone

Next time

Physical and Chemical Properties of Seawater