lecture 2b

Lecture 2BChapters 5, 6, 7 (Pageant, 13th ed.)APUSH2012

“Where there is a spark of patriotick [sic] fire, we will enkindle it.”

-Sam Adams, c. 1770

Turn & Talk About ItConsider the relationship between England and its American colonies by 1763.

• What aspects of their relationship benefit both parties?

• What aspects of their relationship are of no benefit to or are neutral for both parties?

… Please share your thoughts with an elbow partner.

Thirteen (unhappy) colonies, 1763

Revolutionary Ideas …

mercantilismA policy adopted by most European kingdoms in the 17th century. Nations that pursued mercantilism viewed trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country’s military and political strength. A nation’s goal was self-sufficiency, which was obtained by regulating trade and production. Colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country for the growth and profit of that country’s industries. Colonies existed for one purpose only: To enrich the parent country.

salutary neglectThe term applies to the disinterest of the British in enforcing the Navigation Acts and other mercantile laws in the 17th c. and the years preceding the Seven Years’ War (i.e., French and Indian War) in the 18th c.

With the unusual expenses of the French and Indian War the British government repudiated this policy in an attempt to obtain additional colonial revenues and compel the colonies to pay their share of the expenses.

American merchantsWinthrop Chandler (1747-1790), General Samuel McClelland (1730-1807), Woodstock, Connecticut, circa 1776. Oil on canvas, 51-3/8 x 46-1/4 inches. Courtesy of Winterthur Museum; gift of the Michael Miller family. 2004.67.1.

Portrait of John Hancock by John Singleton Copley, c. 1765

Colonial currency

Two bits,Four bits,Six bits,A dollar ...

Parliament acts …

Sugar Act, 1764Quartering Act, 1765

The Stamp Act, 1765

The Stamp Act Congress meets in New York

27 delegates from 9 colonies gather; it’s the beginning of colonial unity

Non-importation agreements… Women play a significant role

1766: Mission Accomplished(Except for that Declaratory Act thing …)

Townshend Act, 1767

“external”

(indirect) taxesTaxes that are paid over the course of trade, and are not noticed by the consumer/citizen.Example: duties paid on imported products such as cars and athletic shoes

“internal” (direct)

taxesTaxes that are paid specifically for a good or service, and are definitely noticed by the consumer/citizen.Examples: sales taxes, hotel taxes, taxes on phone bills, etc.

1770: The Boston Massacre

Sam AdamsPatriot or rebel-rouser?

Sons (& Daughters) of Liberty

A tax on tea …

Par-tea?December 16, 1773

Boston: CLOSEDUntil compensation for damages is paid … in full.

Turn & Talk About ItToday, a political group popularly known as “The Tea-Party” has arisen in response to current issues.

What images and ideals from the Boston Tea Party of 1773 do you think this group draws upon, in terms of popular understanding of U.S. history?

… Please share your ideas with an elbow partner.

The Quebec Act, 1774

First Continental CongressSeptember 5 – October 25, 1774 Philadelphia, Pennsylvaniacongress –1. To come together 2. a formal meeting of delegates for discussion and usually action on some question

Lexington and ConcordApril, 1775

Side Note:More people than Paul Revere rode to warn American militia of British activity over the course of the war …

13 colonies vs. imperial Britain

Excerpt from an interview of Levi Preston, a Minute Man from Danvers, Massachusetts, 67 years after Lexington and Concord, when asked about British oppressions:

“What were they? Oppressions? I didn’t feel them.”

What, were you not oppressed by the Stamp Act?

“I never saw one of those stamps. … I am certain I never paid a penny for one of them.”

Well, what then about the tea tax?

“Tea tax! I never drank a drop of the stuff; the boys threw it all overboard.”

Then I suppose you had been reading Harrington or Sidney and Locke about the eternal principles of liberty.

“Never heard of ‘em. We read only the Bible, the catechism, Watts’ Psalms and Hymns, and the Almanack.”

Well, then, what was the matter? And what did you mean in going to the fight?

“Young man, what we meant in going for those redcoats was this: We always had governed ourselves, and we always meant to. They didn’t mean we should.”