lecture 3 theme: noun. gender of nouns. singular and plural nouns

LECTURE 3LECTURE 3

Theme:Theme: Noun. Noun. Gender of Nouns. Gender of Nouns.

Singular and Plural Singular and Plural Nouns.Nouns.

PLANPLAN

1. Noun. 1. Noun. Gender of Gender of Nouns. Nouns.

2. Singular and Plural2. Singular and Plural Nouns. Nouns.

NOUNNOUN

NounNoun is a part of is a part of speech which means speech which means a living creature, a a living creature, a thing, or an abstract thing, or an abstract idea.idea.

Ukrainian nouns are Ukrainian nouns are distinguished by gender:distinguished by gender:

masculinemasculine femininefeminine neuterneuter

Endings of Ukrainian nouns can Endings of Ukrainian nouns can also indicate whether the noun is also indicate whether the noun is single or pluralsingle or plural. This is similar to . This is similar to English, where letter "s" is added English, where letter "s" is added to most nouns to make them plural. to most nouns to make them plural.

However, nouns that are countable However, nouns that are countable in Ukrainian may not necessarily be in Ukrainian may not necessarily be such in English and vice versa. such in English and vice versa. Also, Also, there are some nouns that are there are some nouns that are always plural. always plural.

GenderGender Singular nounsSingular nouns

FeminineFeminine країнкраїнa [krayina]a [krayina] столицястолиця [stolyts'a] [stolyts'a] нічніч [nich] [nich]

MasculineMasculine долардолар [dolar] [dolar]

NeuterNeuter море [more]море [more]

вікно [vikno]вікно [vikno]

обличчя [oblych'a]обличчя [oblych'a]

Their plural formsTheir plural forms TranslationTranslation країникраїни [ krayiny ] [ krayiny ] countrycountry

столицстолицi [stolytsi] i [stolytsi] capital citycapital city ннooччi [nochi] i [nochi] nightnight

долари [dolary]долари [dolary] dollardollar моряморя [mor'a] [mor'a] seasea

вікнвікнa [vikna] a [vikna] windowwindow

обличчяобличчя [oblych'a] [oblych'a] faceface

Endings of nouns:Endings of nouns:

Feminine nounsFeminine nouns normally normally end in a/end in a/яя..

Masculine nounsMasculine nouns have have consonants at the end (no consonants at the end (no changeable endings).changeable endings).

Neuter endingsNeuter endings are e/o. are e/o.

Endings of nouns:Endings of nouns:

In fact, In fact, a/a/яя can also be the can also be the endings of masculine nouns, in endings of masculine nouns, in particular, names (e.g., a man's particular, names (e.g., a man's name name МикМикooлала), but these nouns ), but these nouns are not many. are not many.

In Ukrainian the noun has In Ukrainian the noun has gender, case and number distinctions.distinctions.

There are three genders in There are three genders in UkrainianUkrainian. The gender of . The gender of a noun can be determined by its ending:a noun can be determined by its ending:

masculine (m) - 1. a zero ending1: masculine (m) - 1. a zero ending1: друг друг 2. 2. the ending the ending -о2: Дніпро, Петро -о2: Дніпро, Петро

feminine (f.) - 1. the ending feminine (f.) - 1. the ending -а: подруга -а: подруга 2. 2. the ending the ending -я: Марія, земля -я: Марія, земля

neuter (n.) - 1. the ending neuter (n.) - 1. the ending -о: ліжко -о: ліжко 2. the 2. the ending -e: ending -e: місцемісце 3. 3. the ending the ending -я3-я3: : життяжиття

Note1Note1 A zero ending is a consonant ending: A zero ending is a consonant ending:

другдруг - friend - friend Note2Note2 A noun ending in -A noun ending in -оо is masculine if it is masculine if it

denotes a proper name: denotes a proper name: Дніпро Дніпро (the (the name of the biggest Ukrainian river)name of the biggest Ukrainian river)

Note3Note3 A noun ending in A noun ending in -я -я is neuter if is neuter if

preceded by a double consonant: preceded by a double consonant: життя життя - life The Nominative case - life The Nominative case (Nom.)(Nom.)

DeclensionDeclension

In Ukrainian nouns decline.In Ukrainian nouns decline. Declension is a change in the ending Declension is a change in the ending

of a noun to denote its function in of a noun to denote its function in the sentence. the sentence.

The endings a noun can acquire The endings a noun can acquire depending on its function in the depending on its function in the sentence are called cases. sentence are called cases.

There are 7 cases in Ukrainian.There are 7 cases in Ukrainian.

DeclensionDeclension

The Nominative case of a noun is The Nominative case of a noun is its base form, so the gender of a its base form, so the gender of a noun is determined in this case. noun is determined in this case. The Nominative case endings The Nominative case endings have been given above when have been given above when dealing with the gender of dealing with the gender of nouns. nouns.

The AdjectiveThe Adjective

The adjective agrees with the noun in The adjective agrees with the noun in gender, case and number. Here is a gender, case and number. Here is a table of the adjective's Nominative table of the adjective's Nominative case endings:case endings:

The AdjectiveThe Adjective

FeminineFeminine

-a-a

добра кава добра кава good coffeegood coffee

Яка? Яка? (What?)(What?)

The AdjectiveThe Adjective

MasculineMasculine

-ий-ий

добрий другдобрий друг a good friend a good friend

Який? Який? (What?)(What?)

The AdjectiveThe Adjective

NeuterNeuter

-e-e

добре життя добре життя a good lifea good life

Яке? Яке? (What?)(What?)

The pronounThe pronounPersonal pronounsPersonal pronouns

SingularSingular я я – – ІІ ти ти – you– you він він - he, it- he, it вона вона - she, it- she, it воно воно – it– it

The pronounThe pronounPersonal pronounsPersonal pronouns

PluralPlural ми ми – we– we ви ви – you– you вони вони – they– they

Дякую за Дякую за увагу!увагу!