lecture two globalization sept 2

GLOBALIZATION, POLITICS,

GOVERNMENT AND CULTURE

Thursday September 2nd

What is Globalization?

The integration of markets, politics,

values and environmental

concerns across borders

Or As Critics Would Say….

MacDonaldization

Capitalism’s Global Conquest

Or as supporters would say

• A world of free trade and unlimited prosperity

• A world linked by Internet

• A world of universal culture

Isolationism is no longer a viable option.

Our everyday lives are inundated with the result of globalization

No country has all the raw materials it consumes

Interwoven World

Economically

Mineral & Natural Resources

Science & Tech

Food

As nature shaped the physical earth, globalization shaped human civilization…

In fact, globalization began before the ‘globe’ even existed

The earliest surviving terrestrial globe was made in 1492 by a Dutch geographer Martin Behain…but Humans have been exploring for much longer

In fact, Globalization is as old as human history

First group of humans left Africa 100,000 years ago arriving in the Mediterranean

50,000 years ago a second group arrived in Asia

Forces behind this globalization were

Better life

Faith

Adventure

So how is globalization different today?

The forces that are driving globalization today are not fundamentally different from the past. It is people seeking to enrich their lives, companies and businesses trying to expand their profit and believers trying to win converts.

But this is happening with:High Speed

Bigger VolumeGlobal actorsGlobal rulesAwareness

Collapsing distanceSteam engine

Steam ship

Airplane

Collapsing Time

Telegraph

Telephone

Radio

Television

First wave of conscious Globalization 1870-1914:

Colonial globalizers played a leading role in commercializing agriculture in new land and setting up industries and businesses.

Sixty million migrated from Europe to North America and Australia to work on newly available land. Many millions from India and China moved to Southeast Asia and other colonial domains

Globalization in Retreat

Against the backdrop of bitter national strife, world wars and revolutions, immigration doors shut and a rising protectionism chocked off trade.

Between 1929 and 1933 U.S. imports fell by 30 percent and exports fell by almost 40 percent. Immigration to the United States declined from 15 million during 1870–1914 to 6 million between 1914 and 1950.

Second wave of Globalization 1945-1980

Led by Western multinationals

Global ratios of exports to output returned to 1918 levels by 1970 and have since risen from 12 to 17 per cent.

Developed countries grew wealthy but their persistent trade barriers to developing countries and the latter’s poor investment climates and anti-trade policies combined to keep them poor.

Third wave of Globalization 1980-2000

A combination of higher capital flow from the developed countries and reform in the developing countries of Asia made the region the centre of growth. Between 1965 and 1995 the real incomes per head of the Asian newly industrialized economies rose seven times, while their share in world trade increased more than fourfold.

Opening of China in the early eighties and India in the nineties strengthened trade and investment flows.

Cultural Interdependence?

Or Cultural Colonialism?

Migration of dreams: The impact on the poor of television programs emanating from wealthier societies

Relative Deprivation: The gap between what a person gets and what that person thinks he/she should get

Globalization Pros and ConsPros

Access to products of different countries

Influx of Information Cheaper Products Increased wealth and

opportunities in countries

Cons Homogenization of Culture Environmental Degradation Sweat Shops and Child

Labor Loss of Domestic Jobs