lesson 1 lesson 2 lesson 3 & 4 lesson 5 lesson 6
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Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3 & 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
• All – Recall keywords
• Most – Describe the different types of pathogen with examples
• Some – Explain how different factors can affect the epidemiology of certain diseases.
2.2.2 Health and Disease
• All – Recall keywords
• Most – Describe the different types of pathogen with examples
• Some – Explain how different factors can affect the epidemiology of certain diseases.
2.2.2 Health and Disease
What is HEALTH?Health is more than simply the absence of disease. It can be defined as your physical, mental and social wellbeing. If you are in good health you are…
•Free from disease
•Able to carry out normal physical and mental tasks
•Well fed, with a balanced diet
•Usually happy, with a positive outlook
•Suitably housed with proper sanitation
•Well integrated into society
Tuberculosis
CholeraChicken Pox
Influenza
MumpsdysenteryAthlete’s
foot
Draw a table with 4 columns showing what type of microbe causes these infectious diseases…
Typhoid
Malaria
HIV
Ring worm
Type of microbe
Bacteria Virus Protozoa Fungus
Infectious disease
Cholera
Tuberculosis
Typhoid
HIV
Mumps
Influenza
Chicken pox
Dysentery
Malaria
Ring worm
Athlete’s foot
Match the key word to the definition1. The rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular
disease in a population being studied2. A branch of medical science that deals with the
incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population
3. A micro-organism which causes disease4. The total number of cases of a disease in a given
population at a specific time. 5. Anything which impairs the normal functioning of the
body.6. ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity’ (World Health Organisation)
7. An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host, even causing it damage
Incidence, Pathogen, Epidemiology, Parasite, Health, Disease, Prevalence,
Match the key word to the definition
Health: ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity’ (World Health Organisation)
Disease: Anything which impairs the normal functioning of the body.
Pathogen: A micro-organism which causes disease
Parasite: An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host, even causing it damage
Epidemiology: a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population
Prevalence: The total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time.
Incidence: The rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular disease in a population being studied
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
DOTs: Directly observed therapy
HIV virus
RNA molecule
Reverse transcriptase
(makes DNA from RNA)
Core
Phospholipid
GlycoproteinEnvelope
5nm
Capsid, made of protein
Malaria
Plasmodium lifecycle
• Zygotes of the parasite undergo a stage of asexual reproduction in the
mosquito’s gut wall
• The parasite returns to the blood and invades the red blood cells
• Here the parasite produces gametes (sexual stage)
• More reproduction within RBCs causes these cells to swell and burst (lysis)
• The mosquito feeds on the blood of a non-infected human
• Anopheles mosquito ingests a blood meal from an infected human
• Plasmodium is transferred from the human to the stomach of the mosquito
• Plasmodium transferred from mosquito to human
• Plasmodium migrate to the human’s liver to undergo asexual reproduction
• Fertilisation occurs
Plasmodium lifecycle
• Anopheles mosquito ingests a blood meal from an infected human
• Plasmodium is transferred from the human to the stomach of the mosquito
• Here the parasite produces gametes (sexual stage)
• Fertilisation occurs
• Zygotes of the parasite undergo a stage of asexual reproduction in the
mosquito’s gut wall
• The mosquito feeds on the blood of a non-infected human
• Plasmodium transferred from mosquito to human
• Plasmodium migrate to the human’s liver to undergo asexual reproduction
• The parasite returns to the blood and invades the red blood cells
• More reproduction within RBCs causes these cells to swell and burst (lysis)
Prophylactics
Prevention is better than a cure!!
Disease Pathogen Method of transmission
Effects on body
Treatment
TB
Malaria
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodefic-
iency virus (retrovirus)
Plasmodium falciparum or
P.virax (protozoa)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis or
M.bovis
Unsafe sex, shared
needles, needle stick
injuries
Airborne droplets,
unpasteurized milk
Anopheles mosquito
vector
Infect lung cells – night sweats, cough, bloody
mucus
Affects immune system (T
lymphocytes) so oppurtunistic
infections take over
Infects red blood cells, results in
fever
Combination therapy to slow viral
replication eg AZT
Antibiotic courses eg.
Streptomycin and rifampin
Prophylactics and
antimalarials eg quinine
Disease Pathogen Method of transmission
Effects on body
Treatment
TB
Malaria
HIV/AIDS
Mycobacterium tuberculosis or
M.bovis
Plasmodium falciparum or
P.virax (protozoa)
Human immunodefic-
iency virus (retrovirus)
Airborne droplets,
unpasteurized milk
Anopheles mosquito
vector
Unsafe sex, shared
needles, needle stick
injuries
Infect lung cells – night sweats, cough, bloody
mucus
Infects red blood cells, results in
fever
Affects immune system (T
lymphocytes) so oppurtunistic
infections take over
Antibiotic courses eg.
Streptomycin and rifampin
Prophylactics and
antimalarials eg quinine
Combination therapy to slow viral
replication eg AZT
Can you explain each of the following trends in epidemiology of disease? (use pg 167 to help if unsure)
1. People who live in crowded conditions are at most risk of contracting TB
2. From the middle of the 19th century the incidence of TB has decreased
3. In the late 1980s there was a dramatic increase of TB in the UK
4. There are certain strains of antibiotic resistant TB emerging
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