life span lecture 7
Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Life Span Lecture 7
Chapter 7 Toddlerhood
Toddlerhood
• 1-3 years• Growth– Slow & Steady
• Areas of focus– Gross & fine motor– Language– Autonomy
Height & Weight
• Height– @3 inch / year
• Weight– @5 pounds / year
Body proportions
• Extremities grow faster than trunk
• 2 yr– Potbelly– Lordosis
• 3 yr– Slender– Stronger– Erect posture
Face & Teeth
• Dentist • Fluoride• Brushing• Thumb sucking– Self-limiting
Bone Development
• Ossification–Cartilage –Bone
• Greenstick fx
Sensory Development
• 3 yrs– 20/20 vision– Visual acuity
• Amblyopia– “Lazy eye”– Diplopia– Eye patch the good eye
Sensory Development
• Eustachian tube– Connect middle ear
– Pharynx• Structure– Shorter– Wider
Vital Signs
• Temp– 98 – 99o F
• Pulse– 90 – 120/ min
• Resp– 20 – 30 / min
• BP– 100/65
Developmental Milestones• Related to – independent function
Gross motor
• Balance 1 foot• Jump• Steps• Run
Fine motor
• Self-feeding• Dressing• Rides tricycle• Simple puzzles• Blocks• Copies circles / lines• Turns knobs • Opens lids
Toilet training
• Help undressing• Accidents• Age–2 – 3 ½ yrs
Psychosocial development: Autonomy
• Independence• Freedom of choice
Psychosocial development: Discipline
• Simple & direct – f/b diversion
• Consistent• Routine • Frustration – negativistic behavior
• “Time out”
Psychosocial development:
• Separation anxiety• Warm & affectionate• Comfort items• Sibling rivalry • Regression
Cognitive development• Global perspective• Object permanence• “magical” age• Egocentric view• Time
Moral Development
• Parent’s moral code child's moral code
• Promote Self-Esteem
Communication
• Automatic & spontaneous• Understand before they can express• 2 yrs– 2 word sentences– 50 word vocabulary
• 3 yrs– 3 word sentences– Noun & verb– 1,000 word vocabulary
Nutrition• Est. eating habits• Amounts & Variety• Growth
– Protein– Calcium– Iron– Phosphorus– Vitamins
• 2-3 yrs– Eating same food as family
Nutrition
• Caloric intake– 1,300 cal/day
• Plain vs mixed• Ritualistic behavior• Idea meal plan– 3 small meal– 3 nutritious snacks
• Routine• Socialization
Sleep and Rest
• Nap• Ritual• Nightmares–Brief comfort
Play
• Mimic• Symbolic play• Parallel play• Toys– Fine and gross motor
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