ling-23 dialectology terminology (rev.4/23/2012)
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Dialectology
Refers to the study of a particular
variety of language within alanguage
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English is not a uniform or
monolithic languageMany national varieties exist
American
Australian
British
Canadian Irish
New Zealand
South African
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English Varies
From country to country
Also varies within each country
People refer to people in another part ofthe country as speaking with an accentdifferent from their own
To a linguist everybody has a dialect
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Dialect
We could define dialect as a mutuallyintelligible form of a language that
differs in systematic ways from anotherform
We could define dialect as a variety of
language spoken by the members of aparticular region or social community
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Regional Dialect
Refers to a set of linguistic
features spread over a specificgeographic area
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Social Dialect
Refers to linguistic features shared
by speakers of a social grouping
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Dialect differences
We distinguish a one dialect fromanother through (regional or social)
differences in:Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Grammar
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Pronunciation Differences
Regional Differences
North /grisi/
South /grizi/
Inland North /ay layk frayd kn/
South Midland /a lak frad kn/
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Vocabulary Differences
Inland North Bean field
South Midland Pea patch
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Grammatical Differences
Black English
I have live three years in Atlanta
(deletion of past tense morpheme)
He be fooling around (Progressive formis different from the standard regional
dialect)
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Idiolect
Refers to the peculiarity orcharacteristics of an individuals speech
patterns pronunciation, grammar, orvocabulary
My wife Julie pronounces vail as /vl/
sail as / sl/ and mail as /ml/
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Dialectologist
We define dialectologist as a scholarwho studies varieties of language- both
regional and social aspectsRegional Dialects (Inland North, South
Midland, etc.
Social Class (Upper class, workingclass, male,female differences
Ethnic differences (Black ,Hispanic
Yiddish,etc.)
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Informant
We define informant as a representativespeaker (specimen or guinea pig
metaphorically) used for dialectinformation
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Isogloss
We define an isogloss as a line drawnon a map to show the outer -limits of a
particular linguistic feature- or where aspeech feature is found
We should not think of an isogloss as a
dividing line between two usages, butrather the approximate outer limits of acertain feature
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Total Pattern
We refer to a feature which isapparently distributed throughout the
entire vocabulary- such as the loss ofthe r in word medial and finalposition in New England dialect
Neighbor / neb /
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Partial Pattern
Refers to the behavior of a speaker whouses a variation in pronunciation which
is not consistent throughout the entiredialect.
The Midland speaker who inserts an r
as in worsh for wash will not carry thisfeature into other analogous words
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Jargon
We refer to words used in a profession,trade, or occupation- like morpheme,
allophone, syntactic category, or bi-labial fricative in Linguistics
Interface, boot up, format, down-load
in computer talk Identifies the user as a student or
practitioner in that field
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Argot
Refers to a variety of language used bymembers of a socially marginal group
Narcotics dealers refers to :
Hash forHashish
Mainline for injecting directly into thebloodstream
Uppers amphetamines
Downers barbituates
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Euphemism
Refers to a less offensive or more politeword or phrase which replaces a taboo
wordTo pass away for die
Powder room for toilet
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Idiom
An idiom is a fixed phrase orexpression consisting of more than one
word whose meaning cannot beinferred by knowing the meaning ofeach individual word
Set her straightBe here in nothing flat
By and large
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