"little eels, or worms, lying all huddled up together and wriggily, and the whole water seemed...
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"Little eels, or worms, lying all huddled up together and
wriggily, and the whole water seemed to be alive
with these animalcules filled with juices."
-- Anton van Leeuwenhoek's observations of a drop of pond water, as he stared through the
eyepiece of his newly built microscope in 1673
Chapter 7
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryote –
Bacteria
no membrane-bound organelles
plasma membrane
Eukaryote –
Found in plants, animals, fungus, and protists (everything except bacteria)
Membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus that contains DNA
The Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane –
regulates transport of materials (nutrients
in & waste out)
made of lipids (fat)
Selective permeability – controls how much comes
in or out based on the cells needs Wate
r Lovin
gWate
r Hatin
g
Channel
Protein
Marker Protein
Receptor
Protein
Three types of proteins are found in the cell membrane
1. Channel proteins - let stuff in and out of the cell (transport of
materials)
2. Receptor proteins – transfer information to the cell about its
surroundings
3. Marker proteins – (organ transplants) name tags for cells allowing them to recognize
each otherFluid
Membrane
Organelles – Organs for cells
Nucleus Controls all cell activities Contains DNA
Cytoplasm thick slimey fluid that fills up the cell In constant motion See cytoplasmic streaming
Cell Wall (Not in animals) Gives plant cells a rigid shape Helps to support a plant What do animals have instead of a cell wall?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Transportation Two kinds:
Rough and Smooth Rough has ribosomes
Ribosomes Make Proteins Everything in your body is made of or by proteins
Golgi bodies Storage and packaging Mucous, and Saliva
Mitochondria Convert sugar into
energy usable to the cell
Where in your body would you need a lot of
mitochondria?
Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll Make food from sunlight
Vacuoles Storage (for food and water) What cells might have bigger
vacuoles?
Plant cells have big vacoules why???
Movement
• Cilia– Short projections that
look like hair
– Can be used for movement or to absorb
• Flagella– Longer and less in #
– Create movement with whiplike motion
Channel
Protein
Marker Protein
Receptor
Protein
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi BodyChloroplast
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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