lou marinoff professor of philosophy, the city college of new...
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Lou Marinoff
Professor of Philosophy, The City College of New York
President, American Philosophical Practitioners Association
Lecture on Philosophical Practice
Jiao Tong University, December 2014
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Introduction to Philosophical Practice:
Past, Present, Future
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What is Philosophical Practice?
• Philosophical practice has its roots in the ancient world, in both Western and Asian civilizations.
• In simplest possible terms, philosophical practice entails application of philosophical insights, methods, and systems to the resolution of human problems, and the betterment of the human condition.
• In so far as philosophical practice utilizes reason, and appeals to the inner resources of human beings rather than supernatural forces, it is not a religion.
• However, since many religions also enlist reason in addition to faith, religious adherents can also benefit from philosophical practices, leading to friendly collaboration.
• Ultimately, philosophical practice may be a species of humanism, and may represent a fourth historical phase of humanism’s evolution.
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The seal of The City College of New York
founded 1847, by Townsend Harris
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Respice
Look to the Past
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Raphael, School of Athens (1510). Original title: Knowledge of Causes
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Allegorical painting of East Asian Philosophy: The Vinegar Tasters,transformed into “Three Laughing Men by the Tiger Stream”Inclusive Interpretation: Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism are One.
Represents the first phase of Asian humanism.
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Ancient Philosophical Practitioners Include
Hellenic: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Zeno, Epicurus
Asian: Siddhartha Gautama, Lao Tzu, Confucius, Nagarjuna
Roman: Seneca, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius
Modern European Philosophical Practitioners Include
Spinoza, Marx, J.S. Mill
Modern American Philosophical Practitioners Include
Jefferson, Emerson, Thoreau
20th Century Philosophical Practitioner Pioneers Include
USA: Mortimer Adler, Pierre Grimes, Paul Sharkey, Peter Koestenbaum
Germany: Leonard Nelson, Gerd Achenbach
France: Pierre Hadot, Marc Sautet
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Adspice
Look to the Present
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The First International Conference on Philosophical PracticeThe University of British Columbia, Vancouver, July 7-9, 1994
organized by Ran Lahav & Lou Marinoff
This was a watershed event, which gave rise to the conception of philosophical practice as a contemporary movement in philosophy.
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Edited by:Ran Lahav, Maria da Venza Tillmans
Published by:University Press of America Inc., Lanham 1995
Contributors (in order):Ran Lahav
Ida JongsmaDries Boele
Barbara NormanGerd Achenbach
Michael SchefczykBen MijuskovicSteven Segal
Elliot D. CohenAnette Prins-BakkerWill A.J.F. Gerbers
Ad Hoogendijk Lou Marinoff
Barton Bernstein & Linda Bolin
1995: The First Modern Collection of Scholarly Essays on PC
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These beginnings gave rise to serial scholarly publications.
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There are many books by practitioners, for practitioners
Very importantly, there are many popular books for non-philosophers
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I. 1994 July 7-9Vancouver, CanadaRan Lahav & Lou Marinoff
II. 1996 August 25-28Leusden, NetherlandsIda Jongsma, Dries Boele
III. 1997 July 22-25New York, USALou Marinoff
IV. 1998 August 3-7Bensberg, GermanyGerd Achenbach
V. 1999 July 27-30Oxford, UKKaren Murris
VI. 2001 July 24-27Oslo, NorwayHenning Herrestad
VII. 2004 August 3-6Copenhagen, DenmarkFinn Thorbjørn Hansen
VIII. 2006 April 19-22Sevilla, SpainJose Barrientos Rastrojo
IX. 2008 July 16-19Carloforte, ItalyNeri Pollastri
X. 2010 August 11-14Leusden, NetherlandsLeon de Haas
XI. 2012 July 16-19Chuncheon, South KoreaYoung E. Rhee
XII. 2013 August 4-12Athens, GreeceConstantinos Athanasopoulos
XIII. 2014 August 15-18Belgrade, SerbiaAleksandar Fatic
International Conferences on Philosophical Practice ICPP Chronology, 1994 – 2014 …
…
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The 11th ICPP was held in South Korea in 2012, and gave rise to some important developments. These will be addressed in lecture #2.
11th ICPP was organized by Prof. Young E. Rhee, and the Korean Society for Philosophical Practice, at Kangwon National University in Chuncheon, ROK.
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National Organizations for Philosophical Practice: Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA …
The 13th ICPP was held in Belgrade, Serbia, in August 2014. It was organized by Aleksandar Fatic of the University of Belgrade.
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2013: Recognition as an Academic Field
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Organizational consulting
Groupfacilitation
Educational programs
Individual counseling
Modes of Philosophical Practice
Philosophical Practice is conditioned by prevailing national ethos, but also works to evolve prevailing national ethos
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A Closer Look at the Four Modes of Philosophical Practice1. Individual Counseling or Advising
-- for persons or couples, from all walks of life -- issues of meaning, purpose, values, ethics -- IRB-approved scope of practice (in US) -- methodological pluralism
2. Group Facilitation -- informal, as in Café-Philo -- formal methods, e.g. Socratic Dialogue or Dilemma Training -- for general public, students, civil servants, inmates, patients, etc.
3. Organizational Consulting -- incorporates methods of counseling and facilitation -- usually aligned with an organizational mission or vision -- emphasis on goals as well as on process
4. Educational Programs -- philosophy for children (K-12) -- undergraduate and/or graduate programs (universities) -- professional development (certification programs)
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Prospice
Look to the Future
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past future
We are walking backwards into the future. We can see clearly where we have been, but not so easily where we are going.
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Foreseeable Future:
Philosophical Practice will continue to grow in the 21st century• Globalization drives modernization, secularization, technocracy, and erosion of traditional ways of life.
• Increased secularization, and decline of mainstream religions and traditional value-systems, leaves many people without a moral compass, globally.
• Backlash against globalization entails a rejection of its material and technological values, and a return to extreme fundamentalisms, at least among Abrahamic religions.
• Philosophical practice can contribute to the evolution of a new global humanism, preserving essential human values and evolving a more inclusive human identity in tandem with our globalized economy.
• Philosophical practice can also promote dialogue, and further mutual understanding, among contending ideologies.
• Philosophical practice provides ways of putting more philosophers usefully to work, in a market that is over-saturated with theoreticians, thus benefitting society by enlisting their capacities.
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Questions and discussion
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Thank you very much !
非常感谢
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