maisrul08127552934maisrul@yahoo.com english department fkip-unri & uir drama

Maisrul08127552934

maisrul@yahoo.comwww.roelsite.yolasite.com

English Department FKIP-UNRI & UIR

Drama

Drama Maisrul

In general sense:

Any performance having story on the stage

Ex.

Pantomime, Opera, Play (Theater)

etc.

In Specific:

A work of literature consisting of entirely

dialogue, intended for actors to speak with

accompanying gestures before the audience

Drama Maisrul

Drama Maisrul

In this sense Drama could be said as Play

So the difference between Drama in general

and Play:

Drama belongs to any performance having story

Play is drama that have dialogue as a mean to deliver the story

Drama / Play Maisrul

Next time in this class whenever we talk about drama we refer to Play

“Play is Drama but not all drama are play”

Drama / Play Maisrul

Drama vs. Fiction

In drama the story is delivered entirely by dialogue.

In some parts, fiction has also dialogue, but it has narrative and description as well.In Drama, neither the audience nor the

reader is conscious of the author’s existing.

In Fiction, the narrative and description can give the author an opportunity to speak in

his own person.

Drama / Play Maisrul

Elements of Drama:DialogueStory (Plot)ConflictCharactersThemeActionSetting

Drama / Play

Dialogue

Function as - to provide necessary factual information- to reminice; to recall (bring to mind)- to characterize- to speculate- to foreshadow

Drama / Play

Story (Plot)

Begin/exposition

Rising action/Complication

Crisis/Climax

Falling action

Resolusion/Denuement

According to Gustav Freytag, German playwright and novelist, in Die Technik des Dramas

• The peak of the conflicts; no other new conflicts appear. climax the turning point

• The main character made the decision making to put the conflicts an end crisis

Drama / Play

Conflict

InternalExternal

Person - Person

Person - Group

Group - group Man - nature

The main problem in which the story talks about1. State the conflicts2. Identify the kind of the

conflict

Drama / Play

Place/Time

Setting

Function• backgrou

nd• Reinforcing the theme

• Antagonist

Man - nature

To identif y the relationship between the stor y and the setting

Drama / Play

Setting

Function• Background: The setting is only to

describe the place/time where and when the story happen.

• There’s no close relation

Drama / Play

Setting

Function

• There’s a very close relation

• Reinforcing the theme: The story has relationship with the setting because story tells something about the setting time/place.

Drama / Play

Setting

Function

• It could be close relation or not close relation

• Antagonist: If the story has external conflict; Men vs nature.

• close relation : If the story is based on true story.• Not close relation : If the story is not based on true.

Characters

• Static Characters• Dynamic Characters• Flat Characters• Round CharactersComplex Characters

Simple Characters

• Main/Major Characters• Minor Characters

CHARACTERS

• Antagonist • & Protagonist

Any person/individual in a story 1. To describe the characterization of

the character from behavior/attitude from manner from the way of thinking

2. To find out the kinds

Round Characters

CHARACTERSCharacters

CHARACTERS

• Based on the main part or roles in the story

Main/Major Characters The character s in which

the story focus on them

Minor Characters The character sin which

the story doesn’t focus on them

Round Characters

CHARACTERSCharacters who are most complex and realistic; they represent a depth of personality. They frequently possess both good and bad traits, they may react unexpetedly or become entangled in their own interior conflicts. They also called as “Complex Character”

- Dr. Jekyll in ‘Dr. Jekyll nd Mr . Hyde’

- Dr. Frankenstein in ‘Frankenstein

Based on the personal traits

CHARACTERSThey lack of realistic and have simple personality. They only concern on their own problems and interests. This character is also called “Simple Character”

Flat Characters

- Juana in ‘The Pearl’

CHARACTERS

• Based on the possibility to changeDynamic Characters

The character that has possibility to changeThe change should be significant to the story

Static CharactersThe character that still remain the same from the beginning to the end of the story.

Round Characters

CHARACTERSCharacters

CHARACTERS

• Based on normative value (if the conflict between good forces against bad (evil) forces)

Antagonist The character that’s

regarded having bad temper , mood or behavior. The character ‘s always described as the opponent of the protagonist

Protagonist The character is

described to posses a good moral , manner or behavior. The character always struggle against the antagonist

CHARACTERS

The way to interpret the characterization in a play can be based on:1. The name and physical appearance2. The individual’s patterns of action over the course

of the play3. The way a character speaks (dialect, word choice,

background of intelligence)4. The way a character responds5. What others say about the character

sSymbol Something in the story that

means more than what it is. It could be an object, a person, a situation that has a literal meaning in the story but suggest or represents other meanings as well.

Ex. A flower or rose could mean a woman or a girl A sword could mean strength or power or have a knight’s value , like Excalibur sword from the Legend of King Arthur.

sSymbol 1. Universal /International

Symbol

Ex. 1. A flower or rose could mean a woman or a girl

2. Traditional/natural Symbol3. Local/Personal Symbol

2. Dragon in Europe and in China 3. Ring in “The Lord of the Ring”

Drama / PlayTheme

ConflictSettingCharact

ers

Story/plot

Symbol The central though or idea of the story

sTheme

1.In form of statement; Sentence 2.The generalisation of human life 3. The central point of the story

Action

Although the action of a play is suggested in the script, it is often considered as the product of the performance

The implementation of action from the script

or its realization is depend on the actor/actress on the stage or from the director.