major findings from the 2013 world drug report. drug use overall drug use, including problem drug...
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Major findings from the 2013 World Drug Report
Drug use
• Overall drug use, including problem drug use, has remained largely stable over the past 5 years
• Since 2009, prevalence of opioids, opiates and cannabis has increased – mainly in Asia and Africa
• Cocaine, ATS, incl. Ecstasy use show declining or stabilizing trends; cocaine declined strongly in North America since 2006 (annual prevalence in USA: -40% over 2006-2011 period)
2
172155 149 153
167
250 250272
300315
38 39 39 39
208 211 203 210226
240
18 16 15 16 16
38
4.0%3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.6%
5.8% 5.7%6.2%
6.7% 6.9%
4.9% 4.9%4.6%
4.8%5.0% 5.2%
0.3%0.3%0.3%0.4%0.4%
0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9%
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Num
ber
of dru
g u
sers
(mill
ions)
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
Pre
vale
nce
in %
of pop. a
ge
15-6
4
No. of illicit drug users No of problem drug users
Prevalence of illicit drug use in % Prevalence of problem drug use in %
90
95
100
105
110
2009 2010 2011
Cannabis CocaineAmphetamines Ecstasy- groupOpiates Opioids
Trends in drug use 2006 - 2011
Trends in prevalence of different drugs 2009 - 2011
Overview of drug supply trends
- 3 -
• ATS seizures show the most notable increase
• Coca bush cultivation and cocaine seizures suggest that global cocaine market has been contained.
• Across regions, Oceania stands out with consistently increasing trends in drug seizures
* Due to lack of available data, the subregion of Southern Africa is excluded from the computation of the trend for Africa.
10%
100%
1000%
Afr
ica*
Am
eric
as
Asi
a
Eur
ope
Oce
ania
Per
centa
ge
( s
cale
)
ATS (excluding prescription and other stimulants)Cannabis (herb and resin)Heroin and morphineCocaine (salts, base, paste and crack)
Main trend indicators of drug supply, 2003-2011
Recent trends in drug seizures by and region
(2010-2011 totals as a percentage of 2008-2009 total)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Index
(bas
elin
e 20
03)
Cultivation of coca bush
Cultivation of opium poppy
Seizures of amphetamine-type stimulants(two-year moving average)Seizures of cannabis (herb and resin, two-year moving average)Seizures of cocaine (base, paste, salts andcrack, two-year moving average)Seizures of heroin and morphine (two-year moving average)
Global opium cultivation and production
4
• Illicit cultivation of opium poppy increased in 2012 by 14%, reaching over 236,000 hectares (similar levels as in 2007) mainly due to increases in Afghanistan and Myanmar.
• In 2012 global illicit opium production was comparatively low (- 30% on a year earlier and almost 40% less than in 2007) due to low opium yields in Afghanistan which maintains its position as the world’s largest illicit opium producer (75% of total).
• Preliminary information from Afghanistan points to a further expansion of illicit opium cultivation in 2013 and higher opium production.
Global illicit cultivation of opium poppy (hectares) Global illicit opium production (tons)
Seizures* of heroin and morphine, 2011 (tons)
5
* Seizures of more than 10 kg
Coca cultivation and cocaine production
64,000
163,300
40,100
99,000
121,300
43,400 64,400
27,200
14,600
50,300
31,000
155,600
211,700221,300
181,600
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
hectares
Colombia Peru Bolivia Global
774
833866
769
891
930950
875
825
925
879
827800
859
1,0481,020 1,034 1,024
865842
788 776
1,2641,232
1,2011,122
1,0601,111
1,051
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Met
ric
tons
Total Total (based on preliminary new conversion factors)
Area under coca cultivation, 1990-2011
Global cocaine production, 1990-2011
• Global area under coca cultivation fell by 15% over 2007-2011 period or by 32% between 2000 and 2011, reflecting a decline of 62% in Colombia and increases of 44% in Peru and 86% in Bolivia over 2000-2011 period.
• Global cocaine production estimates range from 776 to 1052 tons in 2011, down by between 17% and 24% over that period.
Seizures* of cocaine, 2011 (tons)
7
* Seizures of more than 10 kg
Seizures* of cannabis herb, 2011 (tons)
8
* Seizures of more than 100 kg
Seizures* of cannabis resin, 2011 (tons)
9
* Seizures of more than 10 kg
Seizures* of amphetamines (ATS excl. ecstasy), 2011 (tons)
10
* Seizures of more than 10 kg
Seizures* of ecstasy, 2011 (tons)
11
* Seizures of more than 1 kg
Global emergence of new psychoactive substances up to July 2012
Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances (Vienna, March 2013).
Global emergence of new psychoactive substances up to mid 2012Number of countries reporting the emergence of NPS on their markets
44 44
4140
37 37
32
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Keta
min
e
Pla
nt-base
dS
ubst
ance
s
Pip
era
zines
Syn
thetic
cannabin
oid
s
Syn
thetic
cath
inones
Mis
cella
neous
Pheneth
ylam
ines
Num
ber of countr
ies
5
10
23
19
27
35
24
35
27
21
14
9 8
18
0
10
20
30
40
Syn
thet
icca
nna
binoi
ds
Syn
thet
icca
thin
ones
Pla
nt-b
ase
dsu
bst
ance
s
Mis
cella
nou
s
Pip
eraz
ines
Ket
amin
e
Phe
nety
lam
ines
Num
ber of
coun
trie
s
prior to 2008 2008-2012
Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances (Vienna, March 2013).
Experience with ‘legal substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs’ in the EU among persons aged 15-24, 2011
Source: Gallup Organization, Youth Attitudes on Drugs: Analytical Report, Flash Eurobarometer series No. 330 (European Commission, July 2011).
EU average: 4.8%
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