male reproductive system

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

By

Mr .HANAN

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

TESTES

EPIDIDYMIS

VAS DEFERENS

SEMINAL VESICLES

PROSTATE

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

URETHRA

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

TESTIS

- thick connective tissue capsule- connective tissue septa divide

testis into 250 lobules

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

- each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissue

- produce sperm

INTERSTITIAL TISSUE

- contains Leydig cells which produce testosterone

(2) RECTUS TUBULES(2) RECTUS TUBULES

(3) RETE TESTIS(3) RETE TESTIS

(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES

(5) EPIDIDYMIS(5) EPIDIDYMIS

TESTIS • TESTIS = situated external to abdominal cavity

in scrotal sac; allows reducedtemperature below that of the body core (37oC), this reduced temperature is important for viability of sperm.

• The testis is covered by a dense collagenous coat called the tunica albuginea.

• Septa extend into the testis to separate the lobules.

• In mature testis, there is a prominent vascular layer immediately beneath the tunica albuginea

• Most of the testis is occupied by highly coiled seminiferous tubules.

Leydig cells

TESTIS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

EPIDIDYMIS

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

Mediastinum containing

RETE TESTIS

LOBULES

• The abundant seminiferous tubules all lead into the mediastinum of the testis, separated from the rest of the testis by the tunica albuginea as well.

• The mediastinum includes the rete testis, which lead to the efferent ducts and then the epididymis at the posterior aspect of the testis.

• The epididymis can be divided into three parts – the head, the body, and the tail.

• The ductus deferens is continuous with the tail of the epididymis.

• As mentioned before, it passes through the superficial inguinal ring in the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal, exits the deep inguinal ring, and joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejactulatory duct.

TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

INTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUEINTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUE

TESTIS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

TUNICA VAGINALIS

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUMSEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM

- complex stratified epithelium containing two basic cell populations:

(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS

(2) SERTOLI CELLS

TESTIS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUMSEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM

- complex stratified epithelium containing two basic cell populations:

(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS

(2) SERTOLI CELLS

stem cells which regularly replicate and differentiate into mature sperm as they migrate toward the lumen

nutritive and supportive cells

INTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUEINTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE

(1) LEYDIG CELLS

produce and release testosterone

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SERTOLI CELLS

SERTOLI CELLS

SPERMATOGONIASPERMATOGONIA

1º SPERMATOCYTE1º SPERMATOCYTE

2º SPERMATOCYTE2º SPERMATOCYTE

SPERMATIDSSPERMATIDS

SPERMATOGENESISSPERMATOGONIASPERMATOGONIA 1º SPERMATOCYTE1º SPERMATOCYTE 2º SPERMATOCYTE2º SPERMATOCYTE SPERMATIDSSPERMATIDS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES SPERMATOGENESISTHREE PHASES:

(1) Spermatogonial Phase (Mitosis)

- spermatogonia proliferate by mitotic divisions to provide stem cells and cells which will proceed through spermatogenesis (1º spermatocytes)

(2) Spermatocyte Phase (Meiosis)

- diploid cells (2n) created in spermatogonial phase give rise to haploid cells (1n)

- Meiosis I (reduction division) & Meiosis II (equatorial division)

- 1º spermatocytes enter Meiosis I to form 2º spermatocytes which then enter Meiosis II and result in spermatids

(3) Spermatid Phase (Spermiogenesis)

- spermatid differentiation into spermatazoa

LEYDIG CELLS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

TESTIS

- thick connective tissue capsule- connective tissue septa divide

testis into 250 lobules

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

- each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissue

- produce sperm

INTERSTITIAL TISSUE

- contains Leydig cells which produce testosterone

(2) RECTUS TUBULES(2) RECTUS TUBULES

(3) RETE TESTIS(3) RETE TESTIS

(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES

(5) EPIDIDYMIS(5) EPIDIDYMIS

• Fully formed spermatozoa leave the seminiferous tubules by straight tubules and enter interconnected channels called rete testis within the mediastinum

• These flattened channels are lined with low cuboidal epithelium. As mentioned before, the mediastinum contains the dense connective tissue of the tunica albuginea.

• The rete testis lead into the efferent ductules that lead into the head of the epididymis.

• Efferent ductules have unusual serrated or scalloped epithelial lining.

• This is due to alternating tall and short cells. Note the cells have cilia, which beat to help move mature sperm to the epididymis.

EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS

EFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

EFFERENT DUCTULES

IRREGULAR LUMINAL APPEARANCE DUE TO TALL CILIATED CELLS AND SHORT NON-CILIATED CELLS

CONNECT RETE TESTIS WITH EPIDIDYMIS

CILIATED CELLS BEAT TOWARD EPIDIDYMIS; THIN LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE ALSO AIDS MOVEMENT INTO EPIDIDYMIS

EPIDIDYMIS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

RECEIVES EFFERENT DUCTULES

DIVIDED INTO HEAD, BODY, AND TAIL

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM CONSISTING OF PRINCIPAL AND BASAL CELLS

SMOOTH MUSCLE IN HEAD AND TAIL CONTRACT SPONTANEOUSLY; SMOOTH MUSCLE IN TAIL REQUIRES SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION FOR CONTRACTION

• Note the efferent ductules located right next to the epididymis. They empty their contents into the head of the epididymis, located outside the testis.

• Note the difference between the epithelia of the efferent ductules and the epididymis.

• The long and convoluted epididymis is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium (bottom right) with stereocilia.

• Sperm is stored in the tail of the epididymis in preparation for ejaculation.

• From there, the sperm enters the ductus deferens.

EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMISEFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES

EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS

EFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES

EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS

VAS DEFERENS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

CONNECTS EPIDIDYMIS WITH SEMINAL VESICLES

SMOOTH MUSCLE ARRANGED IN 3 LAYERS

SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION VIA SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION DURING EJACULATION

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

VAS DEFERENS

VAS DEFERENS H&EVAS DEFERENS H&E

Seminal vesicles• Small glands adjacent to

end of vas deferens• Secrete an alkaline (basic)

fluid– Has high sugar content that

helps sperm motility by giving them a lot of energy

– This fluid is the greatest portion of the volume of semen released during ejaculation

Seminal vesicle

SEMINAL VESICLES

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MUCOSA HIGHLY FOLDED

EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

SECRETIONS ARE HIGH IN FRUCTOSE AND BASIC

REGULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTS DURING EJACULATION

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SEMINAL VESICLES

EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

Prostate gland

• Walnut-sized gland at the base of the bladder.

• Secrete milky, alkaline (basic) fluid that makes up about 30% of volume of semen released during ejaculation.– Alkalinity helps counteract the

acidity of the male urethra and the female vaginal tract to help sperm survive.

Prostate gland

PROSTATE

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

30-50 TUBULOALVEOLAR GLANDS WHICH EMPTY INTO URETHRA

PROSTATIC SECRETIONS RICH IN CITRIC ACID, ACID PHOSPHATASE, AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PROSTATE

SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PROSTATE

PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS

- precipitation of secretory product

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PROSTATE

PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS

-precipitation of secretory product,

-

• The calcified material, which is an insoluble fibrous protein, blocks the prostatic ducts.

• This is believed to happen when the prostate cannot function normally and the fluid it produces cannot be secreted properly or if there has been an infection in the prostate and the pus from the infection cannot drain properly.

• If this happens the fluids stuck in the ducts harden over time and calcify causing little stones which block the tube where the fluids pass out the prostate, this makes more fluid build up and causes more stone to be made over a period of time

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition found in older men where the prostate naturally swells to an abnormal size and shape. When this happens it can cause the prostate to press on the urethra and make it painful, or difficult to pass urine.

• The abnormal size is what is believed to cause the prostate stones (Corpora amylacea), because the prostate is not its normal size the ducts cannot function properly and release the fluids down the tubes because they become twisted or narrow from the swelling.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

URETHRA

PROSTATIC, MEMBRANOUS, SPONGY (PENILE)

Internal structure of the penis:cross-section

NOTE:• The glans of the penis at the tip, connected to the bulb

via the corpus spongiosum. The corpus cavernosum is on both sides, connected to the ischial tuberosity.

• The superficial dorsal, and lateral superficial veins underneath the skin but outside the tunica albuginea.

• he deep dorsal vein, dorsal artery, and dorsal nerve within the tunica albuginea.

• The deep artery within the corpus cavernosum.• The urethra within the corpus spongiosum.

PENISPENIS

CCCC CCCC

CSCS

URETHRAURETHRA

PENISPENIS

ERECTILE BODIES

ERECTILE BODIES

- The two corpora cavernosa and single corpus spongiosum form the erectile tissue of the penis.

-Note on the top left panel the trabeculae and irregular venous spaces.

-During an erection, blood flow enters the erectile tissue via arteries, fill the venous spaces, and stay there due to obstructed venous outflow.

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