mapping the way forward in an uncertain world · 2012-02-29 · london bombings july 2005
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Mapping the Way Forward inan Uncertain World
Sarah Witham BednarzDepartment of Geography
Texas A&M University
Spatial Thinking & Geography
Disclaimer & Apology
Outline & Agenda
• Uncertainty & Today’s World• Spatial Thinking & Uncertainty• Curriculum Development, Spatial Thinking, &
Innovation• Spatial Thinking, Psychologizing the
Curriculum, and Technology• Steps Toward Developing an Innovative
Curriculum– Lessons Learned from the AGSSS Program
• Mapping the Way Forward
LondonBombingsJuly 2005
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4662809.stm
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0711_050711_londoncell.html
HurricaneRitaSeptember 2005
http://www.boston.com/news/weather/gallery/rita_houston?pg=2
“Although they have some functional skills, some young Americans lackthe basic practical skills necessary for safety and employment intoday’s world.
• One-third (34%) would go in the wrong direction in the event of anevacuation.• As many – one-third (32%) – would miss a conference callscheduled with colleagues in another time zone.”
National Geographic Society 2006 Roper Poll
Successful Response…
• “the maps that arean essential part ofsearch-and-rescureoperations…theGPS receivers thatallow firstresponders tolocate…road mapsthat form the basisof evacuationplanning…
Committee on Planning for Catastrophe (2007): Successful Response Starts with a Map
Key Proposal
• Spatial thinking, supported bygeospatial technologies can--andshould--form the foundation ofinnovative geography curriculum.
• Such curricula will prepare students tolive in a world perceived to be plaguedwith uncertainty…
Spatial Thinking
• To use– Concepts of space– Tools of
representation– Processes of
reasoning• To structure
problems, findanswers, andexpress solutions tothese problems.
• Knowledge, skills,and habits of mind
Spatial Thinking & Uncertainty
• A spatially literateresident of the GulfCoast…
Spatial Thinking & Uncertainty
• A spatially literateLondoner…
Curriculum Development
• Disciplinary-basedKnowledge
• Leader’s Needs
• Societal Issues
• What subject matteris worth knowing?
• What content &skills will studentsfind most engaging?
• What does societyneed?
Learning toThinkSpatially
National ResearchCouncil 2006
• Making theCase forSpatialThinking
Types of Spatial Thinking
1. Geographyof LifeSpaces
– Cognition INspace
– WorkplaceConnections
Types of Spatial Thinking
2. Geography ofPhysicalSpaces– Cognition
ABOUT space– Key
geographicallearning
This is a conceptual animation showing how polar ice reflects light from the sun.http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/arctic_soot.html
3. Geographyof IntellectualSpaces– Cognition
WITH space
http://cmap.ihmc.us/
Types of Spatial Thinking
Fabrikant & Buttenfield, 1997
3. Geographyof IntellectualSpaces– Cognition
WITH space
Types of Spatial Thinking
Benefits of Spatial Thinking
• Success in Learning• Encoding & Recalling Information• Communicating Spatial/Non-Spatial
Relationships• Dual Encoding (Paivio 1986)• Citizenship Skills
Benefits of Spatial Thinking
• Success in Learning• Encoding & Recalling Information• Communicating Spatial/non-spatial
Relationships• Dual Encoding (Paivio 1986)• Citizenship Skills• Foundation for Using Geospatial
Technologies & Risk Management
http://www.time.com/time/covers/20050912/new_orleans_map/index.html
Psychologizing a SpatializedCurriculum
• John Dewey– Interpreting subject
matter to make itrelevant to students
Psychologizing a SpatializedCurriculum
• Lee Shulman– Content Knowledge– Pedagogical
Knowledge– Content Pedagogical
Knowledge
Psychologizing a SpatializedCurriculum
• Mishra & Koehler– Technological
Content Knowledge– Technological
PedagogicalKnowledge
– TechnologicalPedagogical ContentKnowledge
Content Pedagogy
Technology
TechPedContKnow…
• Psychologized thecontent
• Connected it tostudent’s interests
• Know whichtechnology is best toteach content
• Know how toimplement thetechnology so allstudents learn
Content Pedagogy
Technology
AGSSS Activities• Working with
Teachers…
• Working withStudents…
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Purposes & Benefits
• Develop betterunderstanding of whatthinking spatially lookslike in classroomsettings• Practical, classroombased findings on waysto support thedevelopment of spatialthinking• Understand the role ofspatial thinking inimplementation ofgeospatial tech’s.
• Enhancedspatial thinking• Skills ingeospatialtechnologies• Exposure toyoung scientistsas role models
• Understanding ofspatial thinking & itsimportance/value inscience/socialsciences• Link to curriculum• Skills in teachingwith technologies• Skills in teacher-research• Professionaldevelopment
• Collaborationskills• Communicationskills• Solidify ownunderstanding ofspatial thinking• Awareness of &skills in working ineducation settings
SpatialThinking
StudentsTeachersFellows
• What is the natureof spatial thinking inclassroom settings?
• What is the natureof spatial thinking inclassroom settings?
• What strategiesdevelop spatialthinking?
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• What is the nature ofspatial thinking inclassroom settings?
• What strategies developspatial thinking?
• What is the role ofspatial thinking in theimplementation ofgeospatialtechnologies?
Results
• Psychologizing spatial thinking is achallenge.
• Pedagogical content knowledge isslow to develop.
• Technological pedagogicalknowledge is faster to develop.
Results
• Psychologizing spatial thinking is achallenge.
• Pedagogical content knowledge is slowto develop.
• Technological pedagogical knowledgeis faster to develop.
• Language is a barrier.
Spatial Language…
“zoom in to a location at the edge…”
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=4712
Learner’s Needs
• Males– 72.5 % good at
reading maps– 77% think that
graphs, charts, mapshelp them learn
– 67 % enjoy lookingat maps & mapsoftware
• Females– 67.5% prefer written
instructions rather thanuse a map
– 73.4% think that graphs,charts, maps help themlearn
– 65.7% think it is easy tofindpatterns/relationshipsamong things
Learner’s Needs• Males
– 68.2 % do notfrequently use maps
– 72.2% do not usegeographicvocabulary
– 65.9% do not usevisuals tocommunicate orthink
• Females– 76.9% do not frequently
use maps– 84 % do not use
geographic vocabulary– 65.6% do not use
visuals to communicateor think
Students use and appreciate tools of representation–But only in limited circumstances
Mapping the Way Forward
• Opportunities–Now is the Time…
• Challenges–Spatial Thinking–Technologies
A Values Proposition
• What is the Value of Thinking Spatially?• What is the Harm if Students Cannot
Think Spatially?
http://agsss.tamu.edu
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