mapping uk sea space
Post on 03-Dec-2014
2.084 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Mapping UK Sea SpaceMapping UK Sea Space
J h PJohn Pepper
Principal Consultant
John Pepper Consultancy Ltd
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
A Few Facts…Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is
covered by water but less than 1% has
been seen or explored by humans
Globally, only 10% of coastal states
have more than 50% of waters
(depth < 200m) surveyed to modern
standards
Demand for knowledge of our seas
outstrips the ability of Nations to
capture and map the information!
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Historic perspectiveHistoric perspective• Reliance on paper charting to represent• Reliance on paper charting to represent
the real world
• Accuracy and precision a challenge
• Limited understanding of oceans
• Lack of source information
• Selected detail shown (<5%)• Selected detail shown (<5%)
• Cartographic interpretation
• Served the mariner well over time
But things are changing and fast!…
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Why do we need a map?y p• Charts represent an interpretation of the
l ld d f freal world to aid safety of navigation
• Increasing use of the seabed ‐ bottomIncreasing use of the seabed bottom trawling, hydrocarbon extraction, sand and gravel extraction, cable and pipelineand gravel extraction, cable and pipeline laying, wind and wave power generation (Asset Management)(Asset Management)
• Spatial planning requires a sound base‐bi i fl hmap combining seafloor topography,
geology and habitat information (D i i M ki )(Decision Making)
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
THE CHALLENGE SOURCE FROM PRODUCTTHE CHALLENGE – SOURCE FROM PRODUCT
Source: GB ENC Source: SeaZone HydroSpatial
For many feature types the paper chart is the only source and is not legitimate
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Areas to be mappedpp• Coastal zone ‐ from the shore to the 12 nautical mile limit Complex and expensive to map needmile limit. Complex and expensive to map ‐ need small boats, hovercraft, aircraft. Most data available but with gapsavailable but with gaps
• Shelf ‐ from the coastal zone to the shelf edge. An area of high activity (fisheries minerals)An area of high activity (fisheries, minerals). Some data exists but not all is available
• Deep sea beyond the shelf edge to the• Deep‐sea ‐ beyond the shelf edge to the territorial limit. An area of increasing exploitation of oil, gas and fish. Easier and p , gcheaper to map than other areas but little available for non military mapping
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Example of what can be achieved from a specific Mapping Projectpp g j
Images courtesy of Federal State f M i USAof Maine; USA
Technological Developmentsg p• Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC’s)
• High Resolution Digital Survey Bathymetry (Multibeam & LiDAR)
• “Ping to Chart” Technology
• Visualisation tools – Augmented Reality
• Global Geospatial Data standards (ISO/OGC /S‐100)
R l Ti O Ob i S (• Real Time Ocean Observing Systems (e.g. GOOS)
• Data storage and processing power• Data storage and processing power
• Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV)
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Civil Hydrographic Programme /Chart Data – Orkney Islands
Legislative DriversLegislative Drivers o EU and UK Marine Legislation
• Marine Conservation & Governance
• Marine Spatial Planning
• Marine Management Organisation / Marine• Marine Management Organisation / Marine Scotland
– Fisheries management
– Commercial development
– Climate Change
– Habitatsab tats
• Flooding
• Water Quality
• Emergency Planning & Response / Disaster Mitigation
… to achieve clean, safe, healthy, productive and biologically diverse oceans
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Governance Drivers • Infrastructure for Spatial
Information in Europe (INSPIRE)– Metadata
– Data Sharing & Exchange
– Interoperability
– Network Services
– Monitoring
• UK Location Programme• UK Location Programme– we know what data we have, and avoid
duplicating it
f d t– we use common reference data
– we can share location‐related information
– we have the appropriate skills among geographic professionals and those who usegeographic professionals and those who use location information
– we have strong leadership and governance to drive through changeg g
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
R d l i i &Recent developments in mapping & visualising the marine environmentvisualising the marine environment
Coastal Mapping and Analysis
Land‐Sea Interoperabilityp y
Digital Terrain Modelling
Deep Ocean MappingDeep Ocean Mapping
Land‐Sea DEM’s
Smart Processes – Data Capture to Output Delivery
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Coastal MappingCoastal Mapping• Spatial Planning
• Flooding and Inundation
• Shore‐line management plans (SMP’s)
• Safety of Life / Emergency Response
• Shoreline development
• Leisure activities
• Commercial activities (e.g. dredging)( g g g)
• Renewable Energy
• Ports and Harbours
• Beach Profiling
• LandscapeLandscape
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Land Use
Source: Defra Irish Sea Pilot project ‐ 2006
Economic activity in the Irish Sea and coastal hinterland
Land Use
Tourism
Oil &GOil &Gas
Mariculture
Coastal DefencePorts &Ports &NavigationMilitary A i i iActivities
CultureC tiConservationDredging & DisposalpSubmarineCables
Fishing RenewableEnergy
MarineRecreation
MineralExtraction
Seabed Character and Bed Form Mapping
BGS/UKHO/SeaZone
Pilot Area
completed end 2008
To create a map like thismap like this
Rock
Featureless Sand
Sand waves
Sand wave crest lines
Sand and gravel
MAPS4ALL™ ‐ Where we are now!
Where we are with a 5m rise in Sea Level
Combined LiDAR ‐Imagery Coastal Zone oblique of the Scilly Isles‐courtesy of the Environment Agency
Combined coastal Topo‐Bathy LiDARimage of Watchet, Somerset ‐courtesy of Environment Agency
Combined estuarine LiDAR, Bathy and aerial imagery DEM of Rivers Taw and Torridge courtesy of the Environment Agency
Mounts Bay Coastal beach profile mapping to monitor sediment transport
Image courtesy of NetSurvey Ltd
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Surface Model of Eastern Solent based on Digital Survey Bathymetry
Source: SeaZone Solutions: 2006
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
DORIS project bathymetric surveyDORIS project bathymetric survey
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Offshore Renewable Capacity Report
Offshore Renewable Capacity Report
Ocean MappingOcean Mapping• Safety of Life / Emergency Response• Safety of Life / Emergency Response
• Risk Modelling and mitigation
• Climate Change
• Defence (sub‐marine)
• Hydrocarbons extraction (e.g. Gulf of Mexico)
• Physical Oceanography (e.g. salinity, light attenuation)
• Global Observing Systems
• Seismology• Seismology
• Habitat & Ecosystem Mapping
• Geophysics and Geomorphology
• Deep water infrastructure (e.g.Cables)
• Research & Development
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Deep Ocean Mapping
The Arctic Ocean
The “Darwin Mounds”
Deep ocean DEM showing fault lines
Courtesy of the Royal Navy
Channel and ridgeChannel and ridge
D O A l i f DEMDeep Ocean Analysis from DEMCourtesy of the Royal Navy
MBES Wreck investigationMBES Wreck investigation
HMS REPULSE
Habitat Mapping using AUV’s/ ROV’sHabitat Mapping using AUV s/ ROV s
• Wide area data sets (multibeam bathymetry Images courtesy of NOC• Wide-area data sets (multibeam bathymetry
and/or sidescan sonar data) for biotic environment
Images courtesy of NOC
• Point- or line-based information (e.g. photo/
video data, seabed samples) for ‘ground-truthing’ of Untouched and trawled Lophelia‐reefs
the substrate and biological information
• A prerequisite for all scientific seabed studies and
an essential tool for the management and
assessment of human impacts
Images courtesy of JNCC ‐ 2010
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Software requirements for bringing land and sea data together
• Hydro data is +ve down, Topo data is +ve up
f d b bl h dl hi
sea data together
– Software needs to be able to handle this
• Land and Sea data is often referenced to different coordinate systemscoordinate systems– Vertical = MSL for Land, LAT for Sea– DEM’s therefore need to be shifted (VORF, VDATUM, ASCII)( )– Or stored in reference to the Ellipsoid– Lat & Long versus OSGB36
• Sea to Shore models need to be created to resolve data gaps in the surf zone
• DEM’s need to be combined– For seamless examination and analysis
To derive continuous vector features e g contours– To derive continuous vector features e.g. contours
2 Import Sea Data1 Import Land Data
Topo-Bathy DEM Process (1)
2. Import Sea Data1. Import Land Data
3. Create TIN 4. Interpolate Surfaces from TIN
Images courtesy of CARIS
5. Perform Datum Shift 6. Combine DEM’s
Topo‐Bathy DEM Process (2)
7. Create Contours 8. Interrogate in 3D
Images courtesy of CARIS
• 90% of Ireland is under the sea
• 80% of UK is under the sea
SSo…
“Wh i 75% f UK ill“Why is 75% of UK sea space still not mapped?”not mapped?
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
Thank You
Any Questions
www.johnpepperconsultancy.com
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
top related