marjolein de lange (1)
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Urban cycling routes and cycling networkDevellopping strategic policy for cycling
Marjolein de Lange, LCDG conference Newcastle, 5 November 2013
Spuistraat, Amsterdam1950-1970
More and more cars
Congestion
Road unsafety
Parking problems
Call for safety and liveability in many Dutch cities
main roads and living areas
industrial areas
green, blue and leisure
designated cyclepaths
implementation from 1950
Amsterdam Extension Plan 1935
The bicycle:
The perfect vehicle in the city
• clean• silent• affordable• healthy• saves energy• and
space
Traffic lights at National Museum:
± 20 cars in 40 seconds
> 50 cyclists in 10 seconds
time
But how to get the cyclists?
Make cycling safe for all
And easy and fast
• cycling means physical and mental effort
• cyclists are diverse
• design must fit the human limitations
Road user as measure for design
Road Safety: Sustainable Safety
- Roads have a clear function:
streaming, connecting or living area
- Cyclists and cars can mix when number of cars and speed are low
- Separating when speed and/or car intensities are high
- Concentrate car traffic on main roads
- Quiet residential zones
Residential zones:
30 km/h and < 6000 mvh/24hrs
bikes and cars mix
speed humps
circulation in favour of bicycles
Partial one-way street
Short cuts for cyclists
Main roads
(distributor roads)
through traffic
50 (or 70) km/h
seperate cycle paths
Main roads with too many functions…
Challenges
Main Bicycle Network
Amsterdam 1979: City and Cyclists’ Union define bicycle network
Quality requirements for bicycle network
Coherent
Direct (logical, straight routes)
Safe (traffic safety and social safety)
Comfort (pavement, wide curves)
Attractive (clean air, no steep hills)
Cycling network as a policy document
• quality requirements
• planning instrument
• allocating money
• safeguarding routes
Network
Coherent: - origins - destinationsDirect - mesh width 250mSafe - options of routes
- linked to other modes
ComfortAttractive
Network
Coherent - minimal d-tour factorDirect: NL: 1,25 < 90% < 1,5Safe - min. stopping chance
NL: 0,4 < 90% < 1,56 /km
ComfortAttractive
Network
CoherentDirectSafe - min. conflictpoints
- low speed at conflictpoints
- high speeds or volumes: seperation
ComfortAttractive
Step by step bicycle network is completed
Now about 90-95% meet the standards
Vision, patience, persistence,
Space is the most difficult to find
Easier in 30km/h zones
Bicycle network in Amsterdam
Weteringschans, Amsterdam
Safe, easy and fast
New lay out:
Alternating one way for cars
Cycle path/ cycle lane
Free tram lane
+ 56% cycling, trams faster
More cyclists More road safety Cycling for all
ThinkBike workshop Washington
Safety and bicycle use
•0
•200
•400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Bic
ycle
km
pp
py
0
10
20
30
40
50
Cyc
le f
atal
itie
s p
er b
illi
on
bic
ycle
km
Bicycle use Bicycle fatalities
1950 –1975:
- Suburbanisation- Car use- Transport policy- Old fashioned
1975 - now:
- Suburbanisation- Car use+ Transport policy+ Clean & Healthy
Development in time
Main roads with too many functions…
Challenges
Van Woustraat, Amsterdam
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