maryland qb manual
Post on 31-May-2018
219 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
1/106
OFFENSIVE PHILOSOPHY1. BALANCE THE ABILITY TO RUN AND
THROW THE BALL EQUALLY
2. MULTIPLE FORMATIONS, PERSONNELGROUPS, SHIFTING AND MOTION.
3. ALLOWING THE QB TO PUT YOU IN THE
RIGHT PLAY.4. TO PREPARE FOR EVERY SITUATION
THAT MAY ARISE
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
2/106
TRAINING THE QUARTERBACKI. TYPES OF DEFENSE
A. 7-Man Front 4 Secondary Defenders1. 3 4 Front 3 Down Linemen, 4 Lbers2. 4 3 Front 4 Down Linemen, 3 Lbers
B 8 Man Front 3 Secondary Players
1. 4 4 Fronts 4 Down Linemen, 4Lbers
2. 5 3 Fronts 5 Down Linemen, 3Lbers
C. Nickle Front 5 Secondary Defenders1. 40 Nickle 4 Down Linemen 2
Lbers2. 30 Nickle 3 Down Linemen 3
Lbers
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
3/106
NAMING DEFENDERS
A. Down Linemen1. 4 Down Linemen 2Ts, 2Es2. 3 Down Linemen Nose, 2Ts3. 5 Down Linemen Nose, 2Ts, 2Es
B. Linebackers1. 3 Lbers Sam, Mike, Will
2. 4 Lbers Sam, Mike, Buck, Will3. 2 Lbers Mike, Will
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
4/106
III. READING DEFENSESA. Why read defenses?B. What QB looks for once he breaks the
huddle1. Play clock
2. Free safety3. Strong safety
4. FrontC. How to identify fronts
1. 50 Defense Lber over OG2. 60 Defense No playside Lber3. 70 Defense 3 Man side Lber over
OT4. 80 Defense 4 Man side
5. 90 Defense 3 Man side Lber stackedover OG or ali ned in A Ga
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
5/106
IDENTIFYING FRONTS
Offensive Guards are uncovered - or have a LBer
over them.
Offensive Lineman are covered and their is noplayside LBer.
3 man side LBer aligned over Offensive Tackle.
4 man side LBer aligned over Offensive Guard
or Tackle.
3 man side, Offensive Guard covered with LBer
in the A gap or stacked behind the OG.
E
M
S
50
M
T E S
60
E
SM 70
T E
M
E S
80
90
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
6/106
6. Stack Defense LB slide towards TE
7. Solid Defense Center and both OG
3. Bear Defense Lber Secondary aligned overTE and a rush defender outside.
9. +(Plus) Nose shades to the TE or strong
side.
5. - (Minus) Nose shades to the TE or strongside.
11. Wide OT uncovered by Down Lineman
12. Tight OT and OG covered by DownLinemen
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
7/106
Lbers are Slide One Man Towards the Tight End
Offensive Guards and Center are Covered by
Defensive Down Linemen.
Defensive lineman Shading the Center to the
Tight End Side.
Defensive lineman Shading the Center to the
Split End Side.
Offensive Tackle is not covered by a Defensive
Down Lineman.
T
M
E
50 STACK
T E
SOLID
E SNM PLUS
T E
S
T T E
MINUS
WIDE
S
T E
TIGHTOffensive Guard and Tackle are Covered by
Down Linemen
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
8/106
3 Down Linemen
Common Alignments
4 Down Linemen
Common Alignments
50
W75
+57T
W70W
Solid
T89T
W78T
W70W
OVER
50 BEAR
W70W SOLIDBEAR FIST
W70W
UNDER
T60T
W76T
T67T
T65-
+56T
W75-
+57W
50 OVER
50 UNDER
W70W UnderSolid
W E N E SB M
W E N E S
B M
W E T E S
B M
W E N E SB M
W E N E SB M
W E N E S
B M
W E N EB M S
E N E S
W B M
W E N E S RM
W E N E S R
SS M
W E T T E S
M
W E T T EM S
E T T E S
W M
W E T T E SM
E T T E SM
W E T T E
M S
E T T E SW M
W E T T EM S
E T T E SW M
E T T E SW M
W
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
9/106
CENTERS CALLS
ODD- CENTER IS COVERED BY A
DOWN LINEMAN
EVEN- CENTER IS COVER BY ALBER
CLEAR- THERE IS NO DEFENDER
COVERING THE CENTER
SOLID- THE CENTER AND BOTH GUARDS
ARE COVERED BY DOWN LINEMEN.
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
10/106
. How to Identify Coverage1. 3 Deep Zone-Sky,Cloud (Defines Flat Coverage)
a. Cover 3 Strong side 3 Deep Zone1. Cover 3 Sky Strong side 3 Deep2. Cover 3 Cloud Corner Flat Defende
b. Cover 6 Weakside 3 Deep-Fox Ws Flat Co
1. Fox WS Flat Defender2. Cloud Corner Flat Defender
2. 2 Deep Zonea. Cover 2 2 Deep Weakside Zone
b. Cover 3 2 Deep Strongside Zone3. , , , , Zone
a. Cover 4 Weakside 1/4, 1/4, 1/4, 1/4. b. Cover 7 Strongside , , c. Cover 4 Cloud , , .
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
11/106
3 DEEP COVERAGES
3 SKYWS
C CSS
M SSTRONG FLATWEAK FLAT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
12/106
WEAK SIDE 3 DEEP COVERAGE
6 CLOUDWS
CCSS
SMW STRONG FLATWEAK
FLAT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
13/106
2 DEEP COVERAGE
WS
C C
SS
SMW
STRONG FLAT
WEAKFLAT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
14/106
STRONG SIDE 2 DEEP COVERAGE
WSC
CSS
SM
W
STRONG FLAT
WEAKFLAT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
15/106
WEAK SIDE COVERAGE
WSC C
SS
SMW
STRONG FLAT
WEAKFLAT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
16/106
STRONG SIDE 1/4 DEEP COVERAGE
WS
C
C
SS
SM
W
STRONG FLATWEAKFLAT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
17/106
an FreeCover 1 Strong side Man Free1. Assume 5 Man Pressure Strong side
2. 1 Man Hole Strong Man Coverage LberFree. 4 Man Rush.
3. 1 Man Robber Strong Man Coverage SSFree. 4 Man Rush.
Cover 8 Weak side Man Free1. Assume 8 Man Pressure Weak side2. 8 Man Hole Weak side Lber Free3. 8 Man Thief Weak side Man Coverage WS
Freeressure ManCover 0 Lber Pressure
1. Assume 6 Man Pressure2. Man Hole Lber Free
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
18/106
1.b. Cover 9 SecondaryBlitz.
1.Assume 6 manPressure.
2.Zone Pressures
a. Z P = 4 Man
Pressure1. End Drop
2. Tackle Cop
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
19/106
MAN FREE COVERAGES
COVER 1WS
CC
SS
S
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
20/106
WEAK SIDE MAN FREE COVERAGE
COVER 8
WSC
C
SS
SM
W
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
21/106
MAN FREE COVERAGES
COVER 1 HOLEWS
CC
SS
S
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
22/106
PRESSURE MAN COVER
COVER 0
WSC CSS
S
M
W
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
23/106
PRESSURE MAN SECONDARY BLITZ
COVER 9
WSC
C
SSWM
S
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
24/106
ZONE PRESSURE
4 MAN RUSHWS
CC
SS
S
MW STRONG FLATWEAKFLAT E
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
25/106
ZONE PRESSURE 3HAND
5 MAN RUSH
WS
CC
SS
S
MW STRONG FLATWEAKFLAT E
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
26/106
FORMATIONS AND HOW THEY AFFECTDEFENSESA. Middle of the field open or closed
B. Two Back Formations1. Rt/Lt (7 or 8 man Box)2. Slot Formations (7 or 8 man Box)3. Open Slot Formations
a. Create 6 Man BoxC. One Back Formations
1. One Back Formations
a. 2 TEs, One Back (7 or 8 man Box)b. Must Defend 8 Gaps (Softens Force)2. Dbl 3 WRs, 1 TE, 1 Back
a. 6 Man Box
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
27/106
D. Three Back Formations1. Balance Formation
2. Make Defense BalanceE. No Back Formations
1. Displace Lber or
3. Spread 4 WRs, 1 Back
a. 5 Man Box = MFO
b. 6 Man Box = MFC
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
28/106
DERSTANDING HOW FRONTS ANDERAGES ARE COORDINATEDoverages
1. Rotation A Secondary Defender withunderneath coverage. Strong side or Weakside rotation.
2. Rush/Coverage Ratios 4-4-3
a. Number of defenders in the rushb. Number of underneath defenders in
coverage
c. Number of deep defenders3. Flat Defendera. QB should know flat defender both
strong and weak by reading coverage.
Anticipate pressure by reading coverage @ front.
5 Id tif if F t d C
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
29/106
A. Fronts1. Balanced Fronts
a. 50 (3/4) Personnel 7 Man Front
b. 60 (4/3) Personnel 7 Man Front
c. 70 (4/3) Personnel 7 Man Front
d. 80 (4/4)Personnel 8 Man Front
5. Identify if Front and Coverage arecoordinated
a. Weakside Zone Coverage OvershiftedFront
b. Strongside coverage = Undershifted Front
c. Balance front, drop off Lbers determinedby coverages.
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
30/106
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
31/106
YX
H
Z
R
T TE EW
S
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
32/106
YX
HR
T TE E
MW
S
C
15
10
5
C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
33/106
YX
HR
T TE E
M
W S
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
34/106
YX
HR
E NW E
MB
S
C
15
10
5
C
WS SS
I HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHERE TO RUN
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
35/106
I. HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHERE TO RUNTHE FOOTBALL
A. Numbering the Defense
B. Two Back Running Rules1. TE Side
-Never run the ball to a 5 Man Side
2 . SE Side Must run ball to Split sodefense wont overload TE Side
C. Two Back Split End Rule
1. 3 or less SE Run SE, 3 or more Run To TE D. Reduction rule SE
1. 70, 90, 2 Man side Run SE, Run TE vs.all other looks
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
36/106
RT / LT FORMATIONS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
37/106
YX
H
Z
R
T TE EW
S
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
38/106
YX
HR
T TE E
MW
S
C
15
10
5
C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
39/106
YX
HR
T TE E
M
W S
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
40/106
YX
HR
T TE E
MW S
C
15
10
5
C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
41/106
YX
H
z
R
T TE EMW
S
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
42/106
RAZAR / LARY FORMATION
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
43/106
Y
X
H
Z
R
T TE E
MW S
C
15
10
5
C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
44/106
Y
X
H
Z
R
T TE E
M
W S
C
15
10
5
CWS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
45/106
Y
X
H
Z
R
T TE EW
S
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
46/106
Y
X
H
Z
R
T TE EW
S
C
15
10
5
CWS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
47/106
e Back Rules 3 WRs, 1 TE, 1 RBTE sidea. Never run to 4 Man sideSplit End sidea. Count the number in the box
1. MFO 6 Man Box Run
2. MFC 7 Man Box Throwb. One Back Split End Rule Allows you torun the correct side with the 7 defendersin the box
4 WRs One Back RulesCount the boxa. MFO 5 Man Box Runb. MFC 6 Man Box Throw
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
48/106
DEUCE FORMATION
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
49/106
Y
Z
H
X
T TE E
MW S
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
R
1
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
50/106
Y
Z
H X
R
T TE E
SMW
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
51/106
DOUBLE FORMATION
1
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
52/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
S
W
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
53/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
S
W
C
15
10
5
CWS
SS
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
54/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MS W
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
55/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MSW
C
15
10
5C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
56/106
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
57/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MWN
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
58/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
W S
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
59/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MW S
C
15
10
5
C
WS SS
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
60/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MW S
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
G 3 Back Rules
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
61/106
G. 3 Back Rules
1. MFO 7 Man front 3 or less
2. MFC 8 Man front A gap
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
62/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MW S
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
63/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MWN
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
64/106
HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHERE TOTHROW THE FOOTBALL
A. Know how to read
coverage pre-snap look.(PSL)
1. Know position ofweak safety
a. Hash
ntify flat defenders
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
65/106
Read defenders not receiverscognize man coverageDepth of SecondaryDefenders looking at receivers not QBAlignment of safeties and cornersBody language of Lbersentify easiest throw
. Anticipate hots and choose where to go withhe ball.. Know where and when you are one on one. Take the first open receiverield Zones
. Zone #1 No cover zone 100% completion1. Screens2. Swings
3. Crab route
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
66/106
a. Zone #2 Short Game 60% completion
1. Quick game 3 Step
2. 8 10 yards 5 Step Game
3. Check Down Routes 7 Step Play
Action
c. Zone #3 Intermediate Zone 50%completion
1. QB must be conscious of the drop of theLbers
2. Must be able to throw over Lber or
through lanes with touch and good
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
67/106
d. Zone #4 Deep Zone 30% completion1. Vital to stretch the defense
2. Look for mismatches for home run 1 BiPlay per half
3. Controls or influence Safety4. 9 Route out run a corner
6. Understanding Launch points and passing lan
In order to be efficient in throwing the football, a Quarterback must understand the concept of field zones and the
Defining Field Zones
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
68/106
g , p
related concepts of rush plus coverage.
As shown below we have defined four vertical field zones; Based on the spot of the ball, these zones extend from an
area of 5-6 yards behind the L.O.S. (Line of Scrimmage) to a depth of 55-60 yards beyond the L.O.S. or into the end zone.
In addition, the vertical zones have been sub-divided into 11 horizontal coverage zones with five short zones, 3
intermediate and 3 deep zones. The ability of the defense to cover or defend these zones is directly related to their rush-
coverage ratio.
Quick
Screen
Wide
Swing
Screen Screen Wide
Swing
Quick
Screen
Zone #1 - Behind the L.O.S.
(No Cover Zone)
Zone #2 - Short Zone
Zone #3 - Intermediate Zone
Zone #4 - Deep Zone
DEEPOUTSIDE
DEEPMIDDLE
DEEPOUTSIDE35
30
25
22
20
15
12
10
5
LOS
3
0
2
0
1
0
3
0
2
0
1
0 Left
Flat
Left
Hook
Hole Right
Hook
Right
Flat
INTERMEDIATE
OUTSIDEINTERMEDIATE
MIDDLE
INTERMEDIATE
OUTSIDE
QUARTERBACK TEST #1
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
69/106
1. NAME THE IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICSOF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING FRONTS.
A. 50 FRONTB. 60 FRONT
C. 80 FRONTD. 90 FRONTE. 70 FRONT
F. 50 STACK
1 WHAT DO THE FOLLOWING TERMS MEAN IN
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
70/106
1. WHAT DO THE FOLLOWING TERMS MEAN INREGARD TO DEFENSIVE FRONTS?
A. WIDE
B. TIGHT
C. LOOSE
D. BEAR
E. SOLID
QUARTERBACK TEST #1
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
71/106
F. CLEAR
G.ODD
H.EVEN
I. BOSS
J. BOW
K.40 NICKEL
L. 30 NICKEL
1. DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING COVERAGES AND
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
72/106
GIVE THEIR RUSH COVERAGE RATIOS.
A. COVER 3 SKY B. COVER 6 CLOUD
C.COVER 2 HAND
D. COVER 4 STAR
E.COVER 7
QUARTERBACK TEST #1
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
73/106
F. COVER 1 HOLEG. COVER 0H. COVER 9 WEAK I. COVER 3
.HOW DO THE FOLLOWING FORMATIONSSTRESS A DEFENSE?A.DEUCEB.SPREADC.DOUBLED. RAZAR/LARRY E.BONE
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
74/106
SLIDE SHOW
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
75/106
DBL LT SCAT LT 346 SHORT
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
76/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MSW
C
15
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
77/106
1. WHAT IS THE FRONT AND COVERAGE ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
78/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
S
W
C
15
10
5
CWS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
79/106
1. WHAT DO YOU NEED TO BE
ALERT FOR ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
80/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MNS
C
15
10
5
CWS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
81/106
ARE YOU PROTECTED ?
WHO IS YOUR HOT
RECEIVER?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
82/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
N
W
C
5
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
83/106
WHO IS THE S.A. ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
84/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
MS W
C10
5
CWS SS
WHO IS THE FLAT
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
85/106
WHO IS THE FLAT
DEFENDER TO THE FIELD?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
86/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M NW
C
10
5
C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
87/106
1. WHO IS YOUR READ?
2. WHAT MUST YOU BE READY TO DO ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
88/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
N
W
C
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
89/106
ARE YOU PROTECTED ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
90/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE EM
SW
C10
5
CWS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
91/106
WHAT IS THE COVERAGE?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
92/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
S
W
C
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
93/106
WHAT MUST YOU DO ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
94/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
MNE E
SW
C
10
5
C
WS SS
N
WHAT MUST YOU DO WHEN
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
95/106
WHAT MUST YOU DO WHEN
YOU SEE THIS DEFENSE ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
96/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
MNE E
SW
C
10
5
CWS
SS
N
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
97/106
WHATS THE COVERAGE ?
ARE YOU HOT OR ARE YOUTHROWING S.A. ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
98/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
BNE E
M
SW
C
10
5
C
WS
SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
99/106
MIDDLE FIELD OPEN OR
CLOSED ?
WHO IS YOU READ ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
100/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
MNE E
SW
C
10
5
C
WS
SS
N
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
101/106
WHATS THE COVERAGE ?
IS THIS A S.A. ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
102/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M NW
C
10
5
C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
103/106
WHO ARE YOU HOT OF OFF ?
HOW MANY MEN IN THE BOX ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
104/106
Y
Z
H
X
R
T TE E
M
S
W
C
10
5
C
WS SS
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
105/106
MIDDLE FIELD OPEN OR
CLOSED ?
WHERE SHOULD THE BALL
GO ?
15
-
8/14/2019 Maryland QB MANUAL
106/106
YX
H
z
R
B
NE EMW
S
C
10
5
CWS
SS
top related