matter rajesh gupta university of california, san diego. mr. smith’s class

Matter

Rajesh GuptaUniversity of California, San Diego.

Mr. Smith’s Class

All around us!All around us!

Matter takes up Matter takes up space! Matter can space! Matter can be…be…

solidssolids

LiquidsLiquids

GasesGases

Matter can be simple

Water

Sugar

Paper

Matter can be Matter can be complexcomplex

A Candy BarA Candy Bar

A ChairA Chair

A CarA Car

Characteristics of Matter:

Flexibility

Color

Shape

Texture

Size

Weight

Matter can change from a Matter can change from a

Solid toSolid to

A liquid

A liquid to…A liquid to…

a Gasa Gas

11

Matter changes

by....Heat

Freezing

BendingCutting

12

HeatBefore…

After…

13

FreezingBefore… After…

14

CuttingBefore… After…

15

BendingAfter…Before…

16

So, Matter is what the world is made of

Things are ‘material’ Matter is a thing that takes up space Immaterial things are not important Can you think of a thing that is not matter?

We have five senses Touch, Taste, Smell, See, Hear

►All things we can experience with our sense are material

17

Matter can be in different states

Solids

Liquids

Gasses

Energy

What happens when you cool solids?

18

Solids

Solids hold their own shape.

Solids have weight. Solids take up space.

19

Liquids

Liquids take the shape of their container.

Liquids have weight. Liquids take up space.

20

Gasses

Gasses spread out to fill the entire space given.

Gasses have weight.

Gasses take up space.

21

Plasma

Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light

bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a

gas, but the particles are electrically charged.

22

STATES of matter?

What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

23

Energy determines the state!

24

Particles in Solids:

Are packed tightly together

Have very little energy

Can be pure elements or compounds (a mixture)

25

Solids: Mixtures & Crystals

What is the difference between a rock, concrete, diamond?

26

Particles in Liquids:

Are loosely packed

Have medium energy levels

Take less effort to compress than solids

27

Particles in Gasses:

Move freely

Have LOTS of energy

28

Particles in Plasma:

Are electrically charged

Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

29

Mixtures may be in different phases

Solid? Liquid? Gas? Plasma?

30

Add or Subtract Energy. . .

When energy is added, particles move faster!

When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

31

What will happen? Why?

32

Solid + Energy = ?

When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!

Examples?

33

Liquid + Energy = ?

When energy is added to liquids, they become gasses!

What examples can you think of?

34

Changing States

There are several names for matter changing states:

State change

Phase change

Physical change

35

Facts

Matter is made of molecules Which are made of atoms

There are five known states of matter Three: Solid, Liquid, Gas Four: Plasma Five: Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)

State changes can be Physical: same molecules, less or more energy Chemical: molecules are different

36

Physical versus Chemical Changes

You can cause physical changes with Forces like: motion, temperature, pressure May change shape, texture, state of matter Melting a sugar cube

Chemical changes happen on a much smaller scale Change between molecules Burning a sugar cube

37

Not all molecules are alike!

Energy levels may vary from one to the next Molecules on the surface of a liquid have

different energy levels

Some liquid molecules may escape EVAPORATION

Evaporation increases with temperature Decreases with pressure

38

Credits

Larraine N. Castleberry Provo Craft Hugware Chem4Kids.com