mechanization of grape cultivation

REQUIREMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR MECHANIZATION OF CULTIVATION OF GRAPES

S.C. MandharEmeritus Scientist

Section of Agricultural Engineering Section, suresh.mandhar@gmail.com

Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore- 560 089.

State Area in ’000 ha.

1. Maharashtra 82

2. Karnataka 17.4

3. Tamil Nadu 2.6

4. Andhra Pradesh 1.4

5. Punjab 0.5

6. Others 2.4

All India 106.4

Area under grape cultivation (2009-10)

GRAFTING TOOLS

IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION

Fertigation unit

Computerized fertigation system3 tank & 5 tank systems

Subsoiler with mole for drainage

Sub soiler with pulverization

and compaction roller

SUB SOILER

Sub soiler with soil pulverizer roller

Sub soiler

Tractor required – 50 – 80 hp

Under-soil fertilizerUnder-soil fertilization is efficient and

saves about 30% fertilizer

Vertical trencher for installing irrigation pipe linePipe dia. – 150 mmTop width – 20 cmDepth – 54 cm & aboveTractor speed – 0.35 to 0.65 km/h

Ditcher

TRENCHER AND DITCHER

Top width – 75 cm & aboveBottom width – 20 – 23 cmDepth – 54 cm & aboveTractor speed – 0.8 – 1.2 km/h

Tractor required – 60 – 80 hp

Tractor operated post pointerTractor – 15 hp

Pointed post

Tractor operated post driver (Vibrational)Post length – 3 m, 230 joules/stroke, 950 strokes/min., Striking head diameter – 12-15

cm, hp required – 35 hp 250 posts/hour

POST POINTER AND POST DRIVER

Tractor operated post hole diggerTractor – 50 hp for 15 cm dia. hole

Manual operated post hole digger with rotation by tractor operated hydraulic motor

Tractor operated stake driverManual operated stake driver with rotation by

tractor operated hydraulic motor

POST HOLE DIGGER AND STAKE DRIVER

ANCHORS

Anchoring rope

Disc Anchors

Anchors

Fenox anchor

TRACTOR OPERATED WIRE UNWINDER

Tractor operated unwinder for 5/4 rowTractor – 35 hp with hydraulic pump

Hook on post for wire fixing

Portable manual unwinder

Heavy Duty Single-Coil Jenny

Multi-Tier Spining Jenny

TRACTOR OPERATED WIRE UNWINDER

Retensionable Wire joiner Wire tightner

Inline wire tightner / strainer

Tools for ieing vines with G.I wires

Fruit crop weeder/basin cleaner

Offset type rotary hoe / disc harrow /blade harrow with a sensor

Tractor operated 1.5 to 2 m away from the trunkRequired 35 – 50 hpCost – Rs. 2 - 3 lakhs

Disc harrow

Rotary harrow

Rotavator

Offset 1 rotary harrow

Working width 60-90 cm

Fruit crop weeder/basin cleaner

Rotary hoe / disc harrow / blade harrow with 2 sensors

Tractor operated 1.5 to 2 m away from the trunkRequired 50 hp and more with higher capacity hydraulic system

Cost – Rs. 3 - 5 lakhs

Cultivator cum rotary brush

Cultivator cum blade harrow cum clod crusher

Cultivator cum rotary harrow cum clod crusher

Offset 2 row rotary harrow

Adjustable cultivator with inter-row

weeding

Tractor front mounted weeder cum windrower mulcher

Approximate Cost – Rs. 1.5 lakhsTractor – 35 hp

Sweeper for pruned vines

Shredder for pruned vines

Tractor – 35 & above

Tractor – 50 & above

TRACTOR OPERATED PRUNER

Tractor front mount front prunerTractor power requirement – 35 hpPruning capacity – 0.6 ha/hr.Tractor needs built in hydraulic system and front PTO

Leaf remover ( from infront of grape bunches)

Pruner ( dried wines)

Trimming machine for extra vine growth

Langlois Vine Stripper

P.O.Box 1048, Blenheim 7240Marlborough, New Zealand

walter@machineryservices.co.nz

Pneumatic and electric pruners

Tractor PTO operated air compressor

Required air capacity – 7 kg/sq.cm, 400 - 430 lpmPneumatic secauter can cut upto 50 mm dia.Weighs from 0.6 kg – 4.1 kg 35 hp tractor can operate 7 secauters Cost – Rs. 1.0 lakhs

Pneumatic secauter Electric/battery operated pruner

Side shoot remover – 1 side Side shoot remover – 2 sides

Side shoot remover in action

Tractor – 35 hp & aboveCost – Rs. 1 – 1.5 lakh

Side shoot remover

Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for grape orchards and medium height trees (spraying from below)

Blower speed – 4000 rpm: Nozzles height – 1 mTractor – 25 hp: Air speed – 200m/sec.

Field capacity – 1.5 ha/hr. Cost – 1.50 lakhs

Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for grape orchards, medium and tall trees (spraying from below and top)

Tractor – 45 hp: Can spray upto 10 m height: Field capacity – 1.5 ha/hr. Cost – 2 lakhs.

Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for grape orchards for 2-3 row (spraying from below and top)

Field capacity – 2.5 ha/hr: Cost – Rs. 3 lakhs.

Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for medium height treesCan spray both sides of a row: Air velocity – 200 m/sec.

Field capacity – 2.5 ha/hr. Cost – Rs. 2 lakhs

CANOPY SPRAYER

Tractor pulled air assisted canopy sprayer for 2 rowsTractor 45 hp, Field Capacity 2ha/hr, Rs. 3.5 lakhs

Tractor pulled single rowair assisted canopy sprayer

Electrostatic spray nozzle

ADDITIONAL FEATURES IN ADVANCED TRACTORS

Center hinge for minimum turning radius

Front PTO and 3-point linkage for front mounted implements and hydraulic system for

operating the machinery

Item Indian tractors Advanced tractors

Nos. of pto 1 Upto 3(front, centre and back)

No. of 3 point linkage systems

1 Upto 2(front and back)

Turning radius More Less due to centre hinge

Seat position Facing front Seat reversible and tractor can work efficiently in both directions

Hydraulic system

Can not operate attached implements

Can operate attached machineries

Tyre sizes Bigger sizes for rear tyre

Equal sizes for both tyres

Driving wheels Two wheel drive Four wheel drive

ADDITIONAL FEATURES IN ADVANCED TRACTORS

ADVANCED TRACTORS SHOULD BE IMPORTED DUE TO

1. COMPACTNESS2. CAN PERFORM MORE THAN ONE

OPERATION AT A TIME3. LESSER TURNING RADIUS4. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

Central Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute, Budni, M.P

is official Institute for testing of tractors, powertillers, combine harvesters and other farm machineries, for the quality control on the

basis ofIndian and International Standards (OECD).

CFMTTI, Budni is participating member of the OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) for carrying out the official test on agricultural tractors in accordance

with OECD standard test codes.

Twenty-nine countries adhere to the tractor OECD test codes (including non-OECD members: China, India , the Russian Federation, and Serbia),

With active tractor test stations in approximately 25 of those countries.

The OECD codes require that tractors be tested in the country of manufacture. Reciprocity agreements with the codes require that once an OECD test report is officially approved, it must be accepted by all participating countries.

OECD Tractor Codes allow participating countries to perform tractor tests according to harmonised procedures, and to obtain OECD official approvals which facilitate international trade.

The codes cover the testing of:Tractor performance

• engine power & drawbar power output and fuel consumption; • hydraulic power output & hydraulic lift capacity.

In addition, • braking performance, turning area and turning circle;• centre of gravity location• external noise level• axle power• performance in a hot atmosphere & low temperature starting

Noise levels & Operator safety

It is suggested that we may import the advanced and compact tractors with minimum turning radius

without getting these tested at CFMTTI, Budni if these are

tested as per OECD Tractor Codes at country of export

from European Union, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia.

The tentative price of tractor is Rs. 10 – 15 lakhs

S.C. MANDHAR

09480637505

mandhar@iihr.ernet.in

suresh.mandhar@gmail.com