metallurgical microscope

MetallurgicalMicroscope

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• Metallurgical Microscope is the most important tool for the Metallurgist for observing a microstructure and studying various metals or alloys for their use in engineering applications.

• In contrast to biological microscopes ,this microscope uses the principal reflection of light,which will be due to polished or opaque specimen-surface.

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Types of Metallurgical Microscope

• Optical microscope• Scanning electron microscope(SEM)• Transmission electron microscope(TEM)• Auger electron microscope

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Microscope Vocabulary

•Magnification: increase of an object’s apparent size • Resolution: power to show

details clearly• Both are needed to see a clear

image

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Ocular lensBody Tube

Revolving NosepieceArm

Objective Lens

StageStage Clips

Coarse adjustment knobFine adjustment knob

Base

DiaphragmLight

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Ocular lens

magnifies; where you look through to see the image of your specimen.

They are usually 10X or 15X power. Our microscopes have an ocular lens power of 10x.

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arm

supports the tube and connects it to the base

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stage

the flat platform where you place your slides

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coarse adjustment knob

moves stage (or body tube) up and down

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base

the bottom of the microscope, used for support

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body tube

connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses

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revolving nosepiece

the part that holds two or more objective lenses

and can be rotated toeasily change power

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objective lens

Adds to the magnificationUsually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. They almost

always consist of 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X powers. When coupled with a 10X (most common)

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objective lenses

The high power objective lenses are retractable (i.e. 40XR). This means that if they hit a slide, the end of the lens will push in (spring loaded) thereby protecting the lens and the slide.

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stage clips

Stage clips hold the slides in place. If your microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move the slide around by turning two knobs. One moves it left and right, the other moves it up and down.

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diaphragm

controls the amount of light going through the specimen

Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage. This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light

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light

makes the specimen easier to see

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Construction and Working

• A draw tube carrying eyepiece at its top end slides within the body tube of the Microscope with the help of a rack or pinion arrangement by rotating coarse or fine adjustment knobs.

• Sliding of draw tube within body tube allows varying distance between the eyepiece or objective thus helps focusing of the object.

• Fine adjustment knob helps final focusing of object.

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• The objective located at bottom and of body tube structure of the metal specimen and the eyepiece enlarges the images formed by the objective.

• Eyepiece are available with different magnifying powder such as 5X,10X,15X,etc.,the powder being marked on them.

• The light source inside the side tube of microscope provides illumination for specimen.

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• The light from the source passes through a collimating lens or a diaphragm in a controlled amount.

• The incident light from external light source falls on a plane glass reflector kept at 45 degree.

• The reflected light beam now passes through the objective or plane glass reflector to form the final image.

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• The image created(any magnified by objective) is further magnified by eyepiece lens,the gross magnification being product of the magnification of the objective & eye-lens.

• The usual value of magnification for optical microscope is 2000X.

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REFERENCE:-•BOOKS INDIA PUBLICATION•WIKIPEDIA

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