micro controller based solar charger
Post on 24-Nov-2014
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To maximize the utility of renewable energy sources, Mainly by using the solar energy, we can charge a battery of 12v with automatic dusk to dawn operation and easily understandable display characteristics
In today’s world, so many people are requiring conserving and going green to over came the cons of non renewable energy sources.
By using renewable energy sources we can extent the life of the planet for our youngsters and with any luck , they can do the same for their kids
FEATURES:- It is an 8 bit controller with 20 pin package . It consists of 128bytes internal RAM and 2KB of
reprogrammable flash memory. It is also having 15 programmable I/O lines and
two 16-bit Timers/Counters with 6 interrupt sources.
It is also having on chip oscillator and clock circuitry.
When compared to other microcontroller circuit complexity is reduced.
It is having only two ports for I/O functions and external memory access.
In this circuit , the microcontroller plays a main role with low voltage ,high performance.
In this it interfaces with ADC , LCD , and OPTOCOUPLER.
It monitors the battery voltage with the help of ADC and displays the values on the LCD.
Three terminal positive voltage regulator
Adequate heat sinking capability
Internal short circuit current limiting
It delivers constant 5v to the LCD to prevent it from damages
Voltage regulator delivers same voltage to Analog to Digital Converter to read the battery status
Capable of delivering 1Amp output current
Solar panels contains the photo voltaic cells which collects sun light and converts into electricity
a maximally efficient photovoltaic cell about 1/5m in diameter creates a current of approximately 2 amps at 2 volts
In this project we are using 10-40 wattage solar panel to produce a peak voltage of 19v
Wafer based crystalline silicon converts the light energy into electricity
Features:- 0v to 5v input range with single 5v
power supply.
TTL/MOS input/output compatible.
Conversion time is 32µs.
The system status and battery voltage can be displayed on LCD.
The LCD is used here in 4 bit mode to save microcontroller pins.
The 16*2 line LCD is used to display the status of battery
One line is used to show the status of load whether it is connected or not and also to show whether the battery is charging or not
Optocoupler is nothing but opto isolator or photo coupler
Light waves are used to couple the input and output electrical signals
It is used to switch the rapid change of voltages or light signals
Optocoupler is capable to provide mega ohms of resistance with out any contact
In this project opto coupler is used to automatic dusk to dawn operation
It senses the voltage coming from solar panel based on the voltage it switches the load or charges the battery
Mainly BJT’s are used for the amplification
FET is more temperature stable than BJT
MOSFET are more efficient switches when compared with the BJT
In this project we are using diodes to convert bidirectional signal into unidirectional signals
It operates as switch and for rectification to charge the battery
For better regulation the zener diode is used
Micro controller is the heart of the circuit
Micro controller reads the battery voltage by using the ADC
The battery status and load status is displayed by using 16*2 LCD
By introducing a stepper motor to rotate the solar panel based on the sun
By extending the circuit we can give the electricity which is sufficient to home requirements
Through this project we can utilize the renewable energy sources which are eco friendly to the environment
EFY magazine
www.wikipedia.org.in
www.datasheets.com
Elecronic devices and circuit by LAL kishore
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