mmls3 users group report trb 2005 - k-state
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MMLS3 users group report TRB 2005
Fred Hugo
Accelerated pavement testing Accelerated pavement testing (APT)(APT) isis ……..the the controlled application of wheel loadingcontrolled application of wheel loading to to a a layered pavement structurelayered pavement structure to determine to determine pavement response and performancepavement response and performance under under controlled, accelerated accumulation of controlled, accelerated accumulation of damagedamage in a in a compressed time periodcompressed time period in field in field or laboratory conditionsor laboratory conditions
Definition of Definition of APTAPT
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Key to application of the MMLS3Key to application of the MMLS3
ØØ Understanding APT, distress mechanisms and Understanding APT, distress mechanisms and performance. performance.
ØØ Accelerated pavement testing Accelerated pavement testing (APT)(APT) beingbeing ……..the the controlled application of wheel loadingcontrolled application of wheel loading to a to a layered pavement structurelayered pavement structure to determine to determine pavement response and performancepavement response and performance under under controlled, accelerated accumulation of controlled, accelerated accumulation of damagedamage in a in a compressed time periodcompressed time period in field or in field or laboratory conditionslaboratory conditions
ØØ Globally there are > 50 papers reporting on Globally there are > 50 papers reporting on different aspects of MMLS3 applications and different aspects of MMLS3 applications and related findingsrelated findings
MMLS3 studies in global MMLS3 studies in global perspectiveperspective
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Currently twelve MMLS3’s globally •Three in South Africa
-Two at Univ of Stellenbosch-One in a SRT commercial lab in Natal
•One in Switzerland-EMPA•One at Worcester Polytechnic Ma – US•One at NCSU NC –US•One at UNH- US •One at U Mass MA - US•Two in Texas Texas A&M Univ/Texas DOT §One going to Republic of China MOC§One going to Penn State - US
MMLS3 field and lab MMLS3 field and lab applications in 3 categoriesapplications in 3 categories
Field rutting and moisture damage
Field & Laboratory
Moisture damage –micro fracturing and surface fatigue
Structural distress of model pavement in laboratory
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Applications FieldApplications Field
Field testing in Namibia
Rut after wet field testing
Latest Latest LaboratoryLaboratoryTest Bed, Test Bed,
ProfilometerProfilometerandand
Water HeaterWater Heater
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Laboratory evidence of stripping
Laboratory studiesWorcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI)
Massachusetts-USA
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Slab separation after compaction
Slab after compaction in laboratory
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Model pavement with Cement Stabilized Base Course
Overview of MMLS3 Testing in 2003/4Overview of MMLS3 Testing in 2003/4
Mozambique Mozambique APT study 2004APT study 2004
Distress Distress mechanisms mechanisms similar to fieldsimilar to field
Performance Performance SandSand CemenCement t Treated Base Treated Base
Wet Lab/ Wet Lab/ Scaled Scaled Structure/SAStructure/SA
ISAP 2002ISAP 2002CAPSA 2004CAPSA 2004
MatlMatl & structural & structural performance performance evaluated for evaluated for modellingmodelling
Performance Performance Related Related Seal Seal DesignDesign
DryLabDryLab//Field Test SA Field Test SA insituinsitu
TRR 2003/TRR 2003/APT 2004APT 2004
ØØHMA wet HMA wet trafficking trafficking distress distress quantified in quantified in stiffness and stiffness and strength loss.strength loss.ØØWet surface Wet surface distress equal distress equal 20% of dry 20% of dry traffictraffic
Performance of Performance of five trial five trial sections sections NCAT NCAT tracktrack in terms of in terms of rutting and rutting and distress due to distress due to wet traffickingwet trafficking
Dry/Wet Field Dry/Wet Field and Lab Tests and Lab Tests --insituinsitu/cores /cores USAUSA
Reference(sReference(s))FindingsFindingsTest GoalTest GoalCase StudyCase Study
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Overview of MMLS3 Testing (cont2)Overview of MMLS3 Testing (cont2)
Contract Contract project report/project report/CAPSA 2004CAPSA 2004
Effect on performance Effect on performance quantified for decision quantified for decision by the highway by the highway authorityauthority
Evaluation of Evaluation of CompactionCompaction and and Lime FillerLime Filler on on performance of new performance of new asphaltasphalt
Dry/Wet Field Dry/Wet Field & Lab Tests & Lab Tests --insituinsitu/cores /cores NamibiaNamibia
••PhD 2003,PhD 2003,••RILEM 2004RILEM 2004••APT2004APT2004
Characterization of Characterization of fatigue performance fatigue performance relative to stiffness loss, relative to stiffness loss, crackingcracking
FatigueFatiguePerformance of Performance of scaled HMA layer scaled HMA layer at at NCSU and WPINCSU and WPI
Dry Lab Tests Dry Lab Tests USA USA -- scaled scaled structuresstructures
IJPE 2004IJPE 2004Relationship between Relationship between transverse deformation transverse deformation due to trafficking and due to trafficking and strain establishedstrain established
FatigueFatiguePerformance of Performance of scaled HMA layer scaled HMA layer at at WPI with focus WPI with focus on transverse on transverse deformationdeformation
Dry Lab Tests Dry Lab Tests USA USA -- scaled scaled structurestructure
Reference(sReference(s))FindingsFindingsTest GoalTest GoalCase StudyCase Study
Overview of MMLS3 Testing (cont3)Overview of MMLS3 Testing (cont3)
CAPSA 2004;CAPSA 2004;APT 2004APT 2004
ØØReinforcing reduces Reinforcing reduces ruttingruttingØØDry foam asphalt rut Dry foam asphalt rut resistantresistantØØMMLS3 MMLS3 vsvs HVS HVS compatiblecompatibleØØConstruction Construction parameters and effect of parameters and effect of aging quantifiedaging quantified
ØØReinforcing; Reinforcing; ØØFoam asphalt Foam asphalt BaseBaseØØProprietary Proprietary MatlsMatls; ; ØØAging; Aging; ØØUse as PPGS tool; Use as PPGS tool; ØØComparison with Comparison with rut testersrut testers
Special Lab Special Lab and Field and Field studiesstudies
Contract Contract project report/project report/CAPSA 2004CAPSA 2004
ØØField mix rutting tests Field mix rutting tests suspectsuspectØØLab briquettes used to Lab briquettes used to validate new HMA validate new HMA designdesignØØField performance so Field performance so far goodfar good
Evaluation ofEvaluation ofAdditiveAdditive and and Mix Mix compositioncomposition on on performance of new performance of new asphalt surfacing and asphalt surfacing and base coursebase course
Dry/Wet Dry/Wet Field & Lab Field & Lab Tests Tests insituinsitu/cores /cores JhbJhb Intl Intl AirportAirport
Reference(sReference(s))FindingsFindingsTest GoalTest GoalCase StudyCase Study
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Load Setting / PSPA at NCATLoad Setting / PSPA at NCAT
NCAT field study Phase 2NCAT field study Phase 2Core holesCore holes
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NCAT HMA damaged by wet traffickingNCAT HMA damaged by wet trafficking
Stiffness loss during trafficking of S9 Stiffness loss during trafficking of S9 NCATNCAT
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
MMLS3 axles (Thousands)
Mod
ulus
rat
io
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NCSU model pavement study NCSU model pavement study Tensile StrainTensile Strain--NNff---- VoidsVoids
NCSU model pavement study NCSU model pavement study SASW SASW vsvs CrackingCracking
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WPI fatigue resultsWPI fatigue results
Typical rut development during Typical rut development during heated dry trafficking in field trialsheated dry trafficking in field trials
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ThreeThree--D grid reinforcement D grid reinforcement improving rutting and fatigueimproving rutting and fatigue
--As a tool for evaluation of water susceptibility/ As a tool for evaluation of water susceptibility/ moisture damagemoisture damage--Applications of MMLS3 as a tool for evaluation Applications of MMLS3 as a tool for evaluation of rutting performanceof rutting performance--Relationship slab : cores : briquettes Relationship slab : cores : briquettes establishedestablished
Interim Protocols for Performance Evaluation Established
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MODULAS Sensor Installed In MODULAS Sensor Installed In Pavement Pavement
Contact stress @ 862 Contact stress @ 862 kPakPa tyretyre pressurepressure
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
Cont
act
Stre
ss (kP
a)
0 13.2 26.4 39.6 52.8 66 79.2 92.4 106 119 132 145 13
57
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4-80X6Tire (MMLS)
800.0-1000.0
600.0-800.0
400.0-600.0
Inflation Pressure: 862 kPa Temperature : 7º CTest Vehicle Speed: 2.4 m/sMax Stress: 867 kPa
Longitudinal (mm)
Transverse (Sensor No.)
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inflation pressure vs max vertical contact stress
Tair = 7C
0
200
400
600
800
1000
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900
tire inflation pressure (kPa)
max
ver
tica
l co
nta
ct
stre
ss (
kPa)
MLS10 for use in MozambiqueMLS10 for use in Mozambique
SECTION
285/70 R19.5 (°920)
PLAN VIEW
3000
7400
6000
BALLASTTANK
400
8-TON AXLE DRIVEN BY HYDRAULIC MOTOR 8-TON AXLE, STEERABLE
ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM
BALLASTTANK
BALLASTTANK
BALLASTTANK
HYDRAULIC JACK
Under development:
MLS10
2400
8400
Wheel load 12 ton max. per axle/2 = 6 ton max.Application rate: 7200 axles per hour.
MLS10 - a full scaleMobile Load SimulatorAn APT device forevaluation of full-scale pavementstructures in conjunction withthe MMLS3
USING LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS
4mm COVER PLATES OVERCURVED END SECTIONS
STIFFENING
LINEAR INDUCTIONMOTORS
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MLS10 Characteristics (Mozambique cont)MLS10 Characteristics (Mozambique cont)
ØØMaximum speed 27 Maximum speed 27 kphkphØØNumber of load applications per hour 7,200Number of load applications per hour 7,200ØØWheel load on half axles:Wheel load on half axles:
ll 4 ton 4 ton -- 6 ton (max) on 6 ton (max) on dualsdualsll 5,5 ton on Super single wheels.5,5 ton on Super single wheels.
ØØWheel size, tire type/pressure Wheel size, tire type/pressure ll R19.5 285/70 and R19.5 285/70 and ll Super single 385/65. Super single 385/65. ll Michelin Rated @ 850 Michelin Rated @ 850 kPakPa pressure pressure –– test up test up
to 1,000 to 1,000 kPakPa
ØØThank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!ØØQuestions?Questions?
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