ms project training2
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7/28/2019 MS Project Training2
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Microsoft® Office
Project 2007 Training
Linking Project tasks
[Your company name] presents:
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Linking Project tasks
Course contents
• Overview: Save time as you manage your project
• Lesson 1: Dependency links
• Lesson 2: Create task dependency links
• Lesson 3: Create lag time and lead time
Two of the three lessons include a list of suggested tasks;all include a set of test questions.
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Linking Project tasks
Overview: Save time as you manage your project
After you define your project’s tasks
and estimate how long they’ll take,you’re ready to link them.
Linking tasks creates a plan based on
sequence and dependencies,
regardless of specific dates. If the startdate, duration, or finish date of one
task changes, Project automatically
reschedules all related tasks.
Linking makes your plan more flexible
and more reliable.
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Linking Project tasks
Course goals
• Apply any of the four task dependency types.
• Know when to use each of the task dependencies.
• Know when and how to use lead and lag time.
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Lesson 1
Dependency links
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Linking Project tasks
Dependency links
You can use four
types of task
dependencies (or links) to define the
relationships between
tasks in your Project
plan.
If you link tasks, Project will automatically adjust your
schedule when any part of your plan changes.
If instead you enter specific start and finish dates for
tasks, you override that automatic adjustment. So you
see the advantage to understanding how Project
dependency types are used to link tasks.
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Linking Project tasks
Linking tasks 101
After you define your
plan’s tasks and
estimate how long itwill take to complete
them, you’re ready to
schedule the tasks by
creating task
dependency links.
By default, Project schedules all tasks to begin on the
project’s start date and calculates the project’s finish
date based on the last task to finish.
When you enter task dependencies, Project adjusts the
schedule to assign more accurate dates to each task.
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Linking Project tasks
Linking tasks 101
The picture illustrates
the concepts.
1
2
All tasks in a Project plan start at the project start date
unless you specify otherwise.
With no task dependencies or constraints applied, the
project finish date is the same as the longest task’s finish
date.
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Linking Project tasks
Linking tasks 101
The picture illustrates
the concepts.
3 Task dependencies, such as the Finish-to-Start
dependency between the first and second tasks (shown
here), can change the project’s scheduled finish date.
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Linking Project tasks
Predecessor tasks and successor tasks
The four dependency
types shown in the
picture can help youschedule your real-
world situation.
A predecessor is a task whose start or finish date
determines the start or finish date of its successor task.
A successor is a task whose start or finish date is
driven by its predecessor task.
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Linking Project tasks
Predecessor tasks and successor tasks
The four dependency
types shown in the
picture can help youschedule your real-
world situation.
The type of relationship between a predecessor task and
a successor task determines the type of task
dependency to use.
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Linking Project tasks
Finish-to-Start dependencies
When the work of
Task 2 can start only
after all the work of Task 1 is finished, the
tasks have a Finish-
to-Start (FS)
dependency.
The FS dependency is created by default when you link
two tasks in Project. The order in which you select the
tasks treats the first as the predecessor, the second asthe successor.
Task 1 is the predecessor of Task 2, and Task 2 is the
successor of Task 1.
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Linking Project tasks
Start-to-Start dependencies
When the work of
Task 2 cannot start
until Task 1 starts, thetasks have a Start-to-
Start (SS)
dependency.
In the real world, SS dependencies generally occur
because you want the work of two tasks to overlap.
For example, “Level concrete” (Task 2) can’t begin until
“Pour foundation” (Task 1) begins.
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Linking Project tasks
Start-to-Start dependencies
Overlapping work also
helps to reduce the
overall duration of aproject.
If Task 1 will take 10 days to complete, and Task 2 will
take 5 days to complete, and you set an FS
dependency, the overall duration of the two tasks is15
days.
If you set an SS dependency, the overall duration of the
two tasks is only 10 days (the time required by Task 1).
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Linking Project tasks
Finish-to-Finish dependencies
When the finish date
of Task 1 determines
the finish date of Task2, they have a Finish-
to-Finish (FF)
dependency.
For example, “Inspect electrical” (Task 2) can’t finish
until “Add wiring” (Task 1) finishes.
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Linking Project tasks
Finish-to-Finish dependencies
Like SS
dependencies, FF
dependencies reducethe overall amount of
time it takes to
complete work on two
tasks, if the work can
overlap or be done inparallel.
If Task 1 will take 10 days to complete, and Task 2 will
take 5 days to complete, and you set an FS
dependency, the overall duration of the two tasks is15
days.
If you set an FF dependency, the overall duration of the
two tasks is only 10 days (the time required by Task 1).
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Linking Project tasks
Start-to-Finish dependencies
When the start date of
Task 1 determines the
finish date of Task 2,the tasks have a
Start-to-Finish (SF)
dependency. This is
how you create just-in-
time scheduling.
Say a related task needs to finish before a milestone or
project finish date, but it doesn’t matter when and you
don’t want a late finish to affect the just-in-time task.
Create an SF dependency between the task you want
scheduled just in time (the predecessor) and its related
task (the successor).
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Linking Project tasks
Test 1, question 1
If you’re not certain how the work of Task A relates to the
work of Task B, which dependency type should you create?
(Pick one answer.)
1. Start-to-Start (SS).
2. Finish-to-Start (FS).
3. Finish-to-Finish (FF).
4. Start to Finish (SF).
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Linking Project tasks
Test 1, question 1: Answer
Finish-to-Start (FS).
By using the FS dependency type, you avoid introducing scheduling
conflicts and can take advantage of Project’s ability to update the plan
automatically when changes occur.
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Linking Project tasks
Test 1, question 2
After “Lay the Carpet” and “Install the Lights” are both
finished, “Paint the Walls” should start immediately. To put
these task relationships in your plan, which dependencytypes should you create? (Pick one answer.)
1. “Lay the Carpet” Finish-to-Start with “Install the Lights,” and
“Install the Lights” Finish-to-Start with “Paint the Walls.”
2. “Lay the Carpet” Start-to-Start with “Install the Lights,” and
“Paint the Walls” Finish-to-Start with “Lay the Carpet.”
3. “Lay the Carpet” Finish-to-Finish with “Install the Lights,” and
“Paint the Walls” Finish-to-Start with “Lay the Carpet.”
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Linking Project tasks
Test 1, question 2: Answer
“Lay the Carpet” Finish-to-Finish with “Install the Lights,” and “Paint the
Walls” Finish-to-Start with “Lay the Carpet.”
The minute that both “Lay the Carpet” and “Install the Lights” are
finished, you can start on “Paint the Walls.”
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Linking Project tasks
Test 1, question 3
It will take a writer 12 days to write a manual and an editor 6
days to edit it. Which type of dependency will get the work
completed in the shortest possible time? (Pick one answer.)
1. FS — finish writing and then start editing.
2. SS — start writing and start editing at the same time.
3. FF — finish editing at the same time as finish writing.
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Linking Project tasks
Test 1, question 3: Answer
FF — finish editing at the same time as finish writing.
Editing will finish when the writing finishes. And because the two tasks
overlap, the overall duration is 12 days.
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Lesson 2
Create task dependency links
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Linking Project tasks
Create task dependency links
It’s time to learn how
to create links
between tasks andafter that, to think
about when to link
them.
If you move a task or insert a new task, Project
automatically links it in the same way as the tasks
around it.
By getting all of your tasks in order first, you make
sure that the link you like stays just the way you
want it.
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Linking Project tasks
Create an FS dependency
After you’ve identified
two tasks that will be
dependent on eachother, identify one task
as the predecessor.
Then select the
predecessor task byclicking its ID number.
Next, press the CTRL key and select the task that will be
the successor of the task that you have already
selected.
Then, click Link Tasks on the Standard toolbar.
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Linking Project tasks
Create an FS dependency
After you’ve identified
two tasks that will be
dependent on eachother, identify one task
as the predecessor.
Then select the
predecessor task byclicking its ID number.
If you need to remove a dependency link:
1. Select the linked tasks. The order of selection does
not matter.
2. Click Unlink on the Standard toolbar.
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Linking Project tasks
Type dependencies in the Predecessors column
What if you need to
set dependencies
between tasks that arequite far apart in the
Project plan?
Project provides a simple solution, as shown in Figure 1:
You can create dependency links by typing directly in the
Predecessors column.
1
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Linking Project tasks
Type dependencies in the Predecessors column
What if you need to
set dependencies
between tasks that arequite far apart in the
Project plan?
First, note the predecessor task’s ID number. Then,
scroll to the task that will become its successor.
In the Predecessors field of the successor task, type the
predecessor task’s ID number and the appropriate
dependency abbreviation: SS, FF, FS, or SF.
T d d i i h P d l
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Linking Project tasks
Type dependencies in the Predecessors column
What if you need to
set dependencies
between tasks that arequite far apart in the
Project plan?
To remove a dependency link from the Predecessors
column, select the ID number of the predecessor task,
and then press the DELETE key.
S i f i
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Linking Project tasks
Suggestions for practice
1. Create an FS dependency by using the Link Tasks button.
2. With a single button click, create multiple FS dependencies.
3. Create an FS dependency by typing in the Predecessors column.
4. Change an FS dependency to an SS dependency.
5. Change a task duration.
Online practice (requires Project 2007)
T t 2 ti 1
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Linking Project tasks
Test 2, question 1
What method can you use to make a task that appears lower
in the task list (with a higher task ID number) the predecessor
of a task that is higher in the list (with a lower task IDnumber)? (Pick one answer.)
1. Use your mouse to drag across the tasks from top to bottom,
and then click Link Tasks.
2. Hold the CTRL key, click the lower task, click the task that
appears higher in the task list, and then click Link Tasks.
3. Hold the Shift key while clicking each task, and then click Link
Tasks.
T t 2 ti 1 A
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Linking Project tasks
Test 2, question 1: Answer
Hold the CTRL key, click the lower task, click the task that appears
higher in the task list, and then click Link Tasks.
Tasks are linked in the order in which you selected them when you use
the CTRL key.
T t 2 ti 2
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Linking Project tasks
Test 2, question 2
The duration of your current Project plan is 11 days, and it
has a Finish-to-Start dependency between all four tasks. Task
1 is two days; Task 2 is three days; Task 3 is four days; andTask 4 is two days. Which of the following changes will create
a Project plan with the shortest overall duration — without
changing the project’s start date? (Pick one answer.)
1. Create a Start-to-Finish dependency between Task 1 and Task
2.
2. Create a Start-to-Finish dependency between Task 2 and Task
3.
3. Create a Start-to-Finish dependency between Task 3 and Task
4.
T t 2 ti 2 A
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Linking Project tasks
Test 2, question 2: Answer
Create a Start-to-Finish dependency between Task 3 and Task 4.
This shortens the overall duration to 9 days without affecting the start
date of the Project plan.
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Lesson 3
Create lag time and lead time
C t l ti d l d ti
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Linking Project tasks
Create lag time and lead time
Life can be
complicated.
What if your plan
needs to include
complex task
relationships?
In Project, you can build in a delay between the finish of
one task and the start of another. Or you can make one
task overlap with another.
C t l ti d l d ti
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Linking Project tasks
Create lag time and lead time
The picture illustrates
each approach.
1
2
For delay, use lag time. This accounts for something that
must happen between two tasks, such as waiting for a
shipment of supplies to arrive.
For overlap, use lead time. If a task can start a week
before the previous one is finished, a lead time of seven
days gets that second ball rolling.
L ti
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Linking Project tasks
Lag time
Lag time is a delay
between dependent
tasks.
For example, suppose you plan to start editing a manual
three days after writing starts.
For the “Edit Manual” task, you’d enter 3 in the Lag field
on the Predecessors tab in the Task Information
dialog box, and then click OK.
Lag time
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Linking Project tasks
Lag time
Lag time is a delay
between dependent
tasks.
You can also enter lag time directly in the Predecessors
column of the successor task in the chart portion of the
Gantt Chart view.
If “Write Manual” is Task 1 and “Edit Manual” is Task 2,
in the Predecessors column of Task 2, you could type
1SS3.
Lead time
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Linking Project tasks
Lead time
Lead time is overlap
between dependent
tasks.
For example, if the “Prepare Binders” task can start two
days before its predecessor task “Print Manual” is
finished, you can create a lead time of two days, and
work on the tasks will overlap, proceeding at the same
time.
Lead time
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Linking Project tasks
Lead time
Lead time is overlap
between dependent
tasks.
Lead time is entered as a negative value in the Lag field
on the Predecessors tab in the Task Information
dialog box.
For this example, you’d double-click “Prepare Binders”
to open the dialog box, select the Predecessors tab,
then type -2 in the Lag field. Finally, you’d click OK.
Suggestions for practice
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Linking Project tasks
Suggestions for practice
1. Create lag time between tasks.
2. Create lead time between tasks.
3. Add a task.
Online practice (requires Project 2007)
Test 3 question 1
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Linking Project tasks
Test 3, question 1
Suppose the task “Paint the Walls” cannot start until after the
task “Lay the Carpet” has started. The tasks are both ten
days long, and work on them can overlap. Which dependencytype and lag time or lead time will get the work completed in
the correct sequence and in the shortest possible time? (Pick
one answer.)
1. “Lay the Carpet” Start-to-Start to “Paint the Walls” with a leadtime of three days.
2. “Lay the Carpet” Start-to-Finish to “Paint the Walls” with a lag
time of three days.
3. “Lay the Carpet” Start-to-Start to “Paint the Walls” with a lag
time of three days.
Test 3 question 1: Answer
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Linking Project tasks
Test 3, question 1: Answer
“Lay the Carpet” Start-to-Start to “Paint the Walls” with a lag time of
three days.
This schedules “Lay the Carpet” to start first and “Paint the Walls” to
start three days later.
Test 3 question 2
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Linking Project tasks
Test 3, question 2
The task “Select Pictures” must be completed at least one
week before the task “Presentation” finishes. Which
dependency type and lag time or lead time will get all thework done in the shortest possible time? (Pick one answer.)
1. “Select Pictures” Finish-to-Finish to “Presentation” with a lead
time of one week.
2. “Select Pictures” Start-to-Finish to “Presentation” with a lead
time of one week.
3. “Select Pictures” Finish-to-Finish to “Presentation” with a lag
time of one week.
Test 3 question 2: Answer
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Linking Project tasks
Test 3, question 2: Answer
“Select Pictures” Finish-to-Finish to “Presentation” with a lead time of
one week.
The tasks are linked by their finish dates, but “Select Pictures” will finish
one week before “Presentation” does.
Test 3 question 3
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Linking Project tasks
Test 3, question 3
The task “Write Manual” will take 15 days, and the task “Edit
Manual” will take 12 days. Which dependency type and lag
time or lead time will get all of the work done in 18 days?(Pick one answer.)
1. Assign the editing task a Start-to-Start dependency type with a
lead time of 6 days.
2. Assign the editing a Start-to-Start dependency type with a lag
time of 6 days.
3. Assign the editing an Finish-to-Start dependency type with a
lead time of 6 days.
Test 3 question 3: Answer
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Linking Project tasks
Test 3, question 3: Answer
Assign the editing a Start-to-Start dependency type with a lag time of 6
days.
Editing will start 6 days after the start of writing. Writing and editing will
overlap for 9 days and then editing will continue for another 3 days,
making the overall duration 18 days. Well planned!
Quick Reference Card
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Quick Reference Card
For a summary of the tasks covered in this course, view the
Quick Reference Card.
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