msc biology of fishes at neaq. week 3: b. classes of fishes lamprey chondrichthyes osteichthyes
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MARINE STUDIES CONSORTIUM (MSC) BIOLOGY OF FISHES SPRING 2010
Instructor: Dr. D. Rae Barnhisel; 603-878-3671; drbfishes@comcast.net
Location: New England Aquarium (NEAq) Learning Lab, Education Dept. Dates: Tuesdays, January 19 to May 4, 2010 Class Hours: 5:00–9:00 pm Office Hours: Before and after class; also by email and phone NEAq Assistant:Dan Laughlin, Fishes Dept. Asst. Curator; 619-973-0299; dlaughlin@neaq.org
Administration: Roger Stern, MSC Executive Director, 781-444-3643; rstern@princeton.edu 152 Maple Street, Sherborn, MA 01770
Weather Alert www1.assumption.edu/msc/weather.html and/or home.comcast.net/~drbfishes COURSE SCHEDULE: Week Fishes of Focus Related Topics Date Assignments Due Exams break Assignments/Exams Returned Activity Week 1 Course Overview Aquarium Overview Jan. 19 Vertebrate Classification NEAq Mapping Week 2 Early Fishes: Form and Function Jan. 26 fossil fish and lamprey Cladogram Exercise Week 3 Chondrichthyes: Comparative Anatomy Feb. 2 sharks and rays Tree and Label Practice Written Report Topic due Week 4 Early Osteichthyes: Review Feb. 9 lungfish and sturgeon Exam 1 Written Report Topic returned Week 5 Early Teleosts: bonytongues, Internal Anatomy Feb. 16 eels, and herring Dissection 1 Exam 1 returned Week 6 Ostariophysans: minnows, Aquatic Respiration Feb. 23 characins, and catfish Dissection 2 Written Report Draft due Week 7 Protacanthopterygians: pike, Regulation and Excretion Mar. 2 smelt, and salmon Osmoregulation Exercise NEU NOTE: Course schedule moves forward one week for each postponement due to weather
MSC Biology of Fishes at NEAq
Biology of Fishes/Spring 2010 Aquarium Activity/Week 3
A. Introduction
The Chondrichthyes are one of three classes of fish living on the earth today. They are commonly called the “cartilaginous fishes” because their internal skeleton is made of cartilage, a lighter, more flexible, non-ossified form of calcium phosphate (the main constituent of bone). Fossil groups date to more than 450 MYA and include two lineages (subclasses) that diverged about 400 MYA. Today, there are about 1000 species of chondrichthyans. One lineage is composed of the chimaeras or ratfishes; the other of sharks and rays. We will see representatives from both lineages.
NEAq Fishes Location Phylum Chordata Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes Family Chimaeridae Hydrolagus colliei spotted chimaera Cold Marine
Subclass Elasmobranchii
Division Selachii (text: Superorder Galea)
Order Orectolobiformes Family Ginglymostomatidae
Ginglymostoma cirratum nurse shark GOT
Order Lamniformes Family Odontaspidae Carcharias taurus sand tiger shark GOT
Order Carcharhiniformes Family Scyliorhinidae
Atelomycterus marmoratus coral cat shark Tropical Scyliorhinus retifer chain cat shark Cold Marine
Division Batoidea (text: Superorder Squalea)
Order Rajiformes Family Rajidae Dipturus laevis barndoor skate Cold Marine Leucoraja ocellata winter skate Cold Marine Leucoraja erinacea little skate Cold Marine Amblyraja radiata thorny skate Cold Marine Raja eglanteria clearnose skate Cold Marine
Order Myliobatiformes Family Dasyatidae
Dasyatis americana southern stingray GOT Family Potamotrygonidae Potamotrygon motoro ocellated river stingray FW/Temperate
Family Myliobatidae Rhinoptera bonasus cownose ray GOT
Class Chondrichthyes = “cartilaginous fishes”
Week 3
vertebraeskeleton cartilage
no bone jaws paired fins
Distinguishing
Characters Processes
skeletonfinsfin raysscalesjawsteethheartintestine
•respiration
•regulation
•sensory reception
•reproduction
ceratotrichia
fin rays
dermal origin
branching, segmentationno branching, no segmentation
lepidotrichia
epidermal origin
jaw reconstruction of extinct megatooth shark Carcharadon megalodon
1909 (3x too large) recent SI estimate
Distinguishing
Characters Processes
skeletonfinsfin raysscalesjawsteethheartintestine
•respiration
•regulation
•sensory reception
•reproduction
lipid-filled liver
1/3 of body wt90% oil
= buoyancy at any pressure= food reserve
Regulation: buoyancy
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