multi-tier sla management and standards
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© 2006 Open Grid Forum
Multi-Tier SLA Management and StandardsQoS/SLA WorkshopOGF 28, Munich, March 17, 2010
Ramin Yahyapour
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Example: SLA@SOI Project
• Vision• A business-ready service-oriented infrastructure empowering the
service economy in a flexible and dependable way.
• Business-readiness requires• predictability & dependability prerequisite for acceptance & uptake
of (new) services• holistic SLA management transparent IT management• automated negotiation dynamic, scalable service consumption
• Impact on the knowledge economy• decreased time to market for new services• increased productivity and competitiveness• lower entry barriers, especially for SMEs
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Technical MotivationService Consumer• dynamic demand for complex
business solutions at low costs
Software Provider• SOAs provide un-
precedented flexibility
Service Provider• service economy requires
dependable services
Flexible usage Business Services
Infrastructure Provider• virtualization technologies
allow for adaptive SOIs
Engineering of predictable services
Automated SLA negotiation and management
SLA enforcement via adaptive infrastructures
Visionof SLA@SOI
A business-readyservice-oriented
infrastructure empowering the
service economy in a flexible anddependable way
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
SLA@SOI Project
Duration• June 2008 – May 2011
12 Partners• 6 industrial, 1 SME,
3 academic, 2 research centres
• 7 countries: Austria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom
Budget• 15.2 M€
Info• http://www.sla-at-soi.eu
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Envisioned InteractionService Provider
Contracting/Sales
SOA
SOI
physical
virtual
Procurement
BusinessUse
Service Demand
Customer
Infrastructure ProviderSoftware Provider
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Envisioned InteractionService Provider
Contracting/Sales
SOA
SOI
SLA Orchestration/
Transformation/Aggregation
SLA (Re-)Negotiation
Provisioning
physical
virtual
Mapping
SLA
BusinessAssessment
Service Demand
Forecasting
Resource Consumption
Forecasting
Procurement
BusinessUse
Service Demand
Customer
BusinessAssessment
Infrastructure Provider
Monitoring, Arbitration
Software Provider
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Envisioned InteractionService Provider
Contracting/Sales
SOA
SOI
SLA Orchestration/
Transformation/Aggregation
SLA (Re-)Negotiation
Provisioning
MonitoringAdjustment
Alerting
physical
virtual
Mapping
SLA
BusinessAssessment
Service Demand
Forecasting
Resource Consumption
Forecasting
Procurement
BusinessUse
Service Demand
Customer
BusinessAssessment
Infrastructure Provider
Monitoring, Arbitration
Software Provider
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Project innovation
• SLA management framework• harmonizing perspectives of relevant stakeholders
(software/service/infrastructure provider and customer)• standards for SLA specification and negotiation & systematic multi-layer SLA
management (planning, optimization, and provisioning), monitoring and accounting
guaranteed QoS in a dynamic and end-to-end fashion via consistent SLA handling across IT stack
• Adaptive SLA-aware infrastructures• standardized interfaces for adaptive infrastructures with harmonized access to
different virtualization technologies.• advanced technologies for SLA enforcement on infrastructure level efficient resource usage w/ reliable SLA enforcement at infrastructure level
• Engineering methods for predictable service-oriented systems• modelling techniques and prediction tools for SOA and SOI components
• Business management suite for e-contracting• covers complete business lifecycle of a service provisioning/delivery
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Example real world use-case ...
• Multiple service types hosted• Communications,• Social networking, media, entertainment,• Enterprise.
• On a heterogeneous infrastructure :• Data centres, grid,• Wired, wireless.
• With associated diversity of :• Margin and profitability,• Customer expectations and satisfaction requirements,• SLA ‘levels’ – platinum … bronze … etc,• Workload patterns and scheduling / provisioning requirements.
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Additionally ..
• Constraints• Internal governance
• Logging for billing,• Auditability,• Licensed product management.
• Internal efficiency• Managed resource consumption,• Utility cost minimisation,• Operational cost minimisation,• And third party resources and services.
• External events • ‘Slashdot effect’,• Resource failure,• SLA adjustments.
planned
unforeseen
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Service Level Agreements
• Constraints expressed in Service Level Objectives• ‘Make composite resource available between 09:00 and 11:30.’• ‘Complete processing of a daily data transformation by 14:00.’• ‘Sustain average throughout of 3000 transactions/hour.’• ‘Peak throughput of 150 transactions/minute for up to 10 minutes.’
• Statistical constraints• ‘deliver 99.98% availability’• ‘ensure <1% transaction timeouts’• ‘ensure 90% transactions complete within 1sec.’
Complex provisioning challenge
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
SLA Lifecycle view
• Normal lifecycle• Negotiation planning/optimisation provisioning execution• Monitoring provides a feedback loop for adjustment at run time.
Diagram : SLA@SOI internal reference
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Negotiation - provisioning phase
• Implications from service level objectives –• Selection and configuration of individual resources based on performance
and cost.• Statistical likelihood of SLA compliance with end customer.• Calculation and expression of SLOs, negotiation of SLAs with third party
providers.• Final orchestration and provision of service to end customer.
Customer facing SLA
Third party SLA #1
Third party SLA #2
Internal policies and constraints
Internal resources
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
Run time phase
• Proactive adjustment• Predictive analysis of monitoring data.• Adjustment –
• Dynamic resource allocation to any part of the service chain.• Full re-provisioning of any part of the service chain followed by re-
orchestration.
Diagram : SLA@SOI Use Case Specification - Enterprise IT.
Reactive adjustment• Recovery from failure.• Adjustment –
◊ Full re-provisioning of any part of the service chain followed by re-orchestration.
© 2007 Open Grid Forum 15
Experiences
• QoS/SLA Management are crucial in many scenarios• Current trend in different areas• Fueled by Cloud scenarios:
• SLAs for services, platforms, infrastructures,compute, software, licenses, data, network
• Interoperability is a key requirement• While single QoS/SLA are current goals,• However, immediately combination of SLAs in a complete stack will become
important (Offering a SaaS which requires several infrastructure or other components
• Data center management moves from system management to service management.• A single service is not individually management but needs to be evaluated
in global view: SLAs seem to be the common trend to do so.
© 2007 Open Grid Forum 16
Standards
• Interoperability requires open standards.
• Existing core:• WS-Agreement• OCCI• OGSA-BES
• Open challenges:• Multi-layer, multi-tier SLA management• Linking SLAs, Translation of SLAs• Extending of RM systems by SLA features
© 2007 Open Grid Forum 17
Current State
• WS-Agreement• Specification GFD.107 available for a long time; many implementations• Urgent need for microspecs for common SLAs• Extension for multi-round negotiation (current activity)
• JSDL• Specification GFD.056,GFD.111 well adopted in the community• Extensions available
• DRMAA• Programming API for the submission and control of jobs to one or more
Distributed Resource Management (DRM) systems (GFD.022,GFD.130).
• OCCI• Management of Cloud Systems• Supporting SLAs as input (by SLA@SOI and RESERVOIR projects)
© 2007 Open Grid Forum
OCCI and SLA@SOI
•SLA@SOI & OCCI have common goals• “Standardised interfaces for adaptive infrastructures with harmonized access to different virtualization technologies.”
• OCCI is means for SLA@SOI to: • Embed the importance and concepts of SLAs • Influence infrastructural standards
•OCCI will be used in-part to SLA-enable infrastructure management• WP A4 (Adaptive SLA-aware Infrastructure Management) is the interested work
package• In development. Will implement an OCCI compliant interface
•In terms of the SLA@SOI Framework this means:• Supply OCCI-specific SLA@SOI Framework plugins
© 2007 Open Grid Forum 19
WS-Agreement and SLA@SOI
• SLA@SOI is interested in and will contribute a negotiation extension to WS-Agreement
• As part of the architecture update, a rule-based protocol orchestration engine has been designed
• Results to come• SLA@SOI-specific SLA negotiation requirements (deliverable input)• Evaluation of negotiation protocols (simulation & report)• Definition of the protocol• Protocol implementation (software)• Implementation of the orchestration engine
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