music 144 and 144g pp slides for lecture 9-10
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M144/144G Turning Points in Western Music
• This course introduces the history and literatures of Western music from Medieval times to the early 21st century. You will study, discuss, and write about the people and the factors (artistic, intellectual, social, technical) that were and are Western music’s agents of change.
Listening - Naxos• Go to library webpage – LEARN Resources By Subject Creative Arts MusicDatabasesNaxosPlaylists144 Summer School
Research
• Topics that I can only touch on briefly in lectures
• I will list these on the listening sheets and publish them on Cecil
Set Text
Burkholder, P. Grout, D. and Palisca, C.A History of Western Music 8th ed. 2010
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING/VIEWING/DISCUSSION
• Wednesdays 12.00-1.00pm) • Thursdays 1.00-2.00pm), • commencing 19/20 January, • Both sessions each week will cover the
same material.
M144/144GTURNING POINTS
Lecture 9
Writing it down – getting it printed. How music notation has influenced composers
Amazing grace! How sweet the soundThat saved a wretch like me;I once was lost, but now am found;Was blind but now I see.
John Newman
MUSIC NOTATION
High and Low notesShort and long notes
Accented and unaccented notes
Adorate Deum - anonymous
9TH Century Song of the Muses
11th Century Winchester Troper
12th Century Italian breviary
Winchester Troper
1450 Chanson by Guillaume Dufay
1550 Mass by John Taverner
Guido d’Arezzo
• Benedictine monk• 991or2-after 1033• Music theorist• Teacher• “Micrologus”
Gregorian Chant
Pope Gregory the Great
• c540-604
O ignis spiritus – Hildegard of Bingen
Solfeggio
• Ut queant laxis• Resonare fibris• Mira gestorum• Famuli tuorum• Solve polluti• Labii reatum• Sancte Johannes!
The Guidonian Hand
• a mnemonic
• “I was extremely sorry for our singers who, though they should persevere a hundred years in the study of singing, can never perform even the tiniest antiphon on their own – always learning, as the apostle says, and never arriving at knowledge of the truth. Desiring therefore to set forth my own so useful method of study for the general benefit, I summarized as briefly as I could, out of the copious musical theorizing which with God’s help I have at various times collected, certain things that I believed would help singers.”
Domine labia mea aperies
• Solo• Response• Solo• Response• Solo• Response• Solo• Organum – rich harmony
O primus homo coruit
Benedicamus Domino
• 4.41
L’homme arme
Missa - L’homme arme
• Guillaume Dufay• Kyrie (Lord have mercy)
Missa - L’homme arme
• Guillaume Dufay• Agnus Dei (Lamb of God who takes away
the sins of the world, have mercy on us)
M144/144GTURNING POINTS
Lecture 10
Writing it down – getting it printed. How music notation has influenced composers
Part 2
• The most important thing is to get the sounds of this wonderful music into your ears. Do as much listening as you can because next time we move on to something else.
How to listen to music
Try to hear something objective• Rhythm – even or uneven• Melody – wide or narrow range – singable or
not• Dynamic – loud or soft or varied• Timbre – what instruments or voices• Form – are there recognisable patterns to the
music – are sections repeated• Style – which period of music history
How to listen to music
Try to hear something objective• How did you react to it?• Did it effect the way you felt?• Did it make you laugh?• Did it make you feel any particular
emotion?You could keep a listening diary
Reading
1. Keep up to date with reading from A History of Western Music – details on Cecil Resources – “Preparation for the Course”
2. Read the additional reading for each Unit that is also on Cecil “Reading for Lecture 9-10”
Tutorials
Start today in the Music TheatreEITHER
Wednesday 12.00-1.00OR
Thursday 1.00-2.00
Library Assignment
Sign up for Tutorials for help with this.
Speak to one of the librarians in the Music Library
Salvator mundi
from the
Sarum Rite
Salvator mundi, Domine,
Lord and saviour of the world
Qui nos salvasti hodie,Who brought salvation
to us todayIn hac nocte nos
protegeProtect us this nightEt salva omni tempore.And preserve us
always.
A solus ortus cardine
from the
Sarum Rite
A solus ortus cardine,From dawn’s far
horizonEt usque terrae
limitemTo earth’s furthest endChristum canamus
PrincipemWe sing of Christ our
king,Natum Maria virgine.Born of the virgin
Mary.
Features of Gregorian and Ambrosian Chant
UnisonA capella
Men’s voices
Beneventan Chant
From Italian Town of BeneventoCombined Latin and Greek texts
Proskinumen/Adoramus
Proskinumen ton stauron sou, kai ton tipon tou stauron sou, kai to staurothentos tin dinamin.
Adoramus crucem tuam et signum de cruce tua et qui crucifixus est virtutem
We adore thy cross and the sign of thy cross and the power of him who is crucified.
Psalm 22
Deus Deus meus respice in me: quare me dereliquisti? Longe a salute mea verba delictorum meorum.
O Theos mou, kekraxomai imeras, kai ouk isakousi, kai niktos, kai ouk is anoian emoi.
My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?Why art thou so far from helping me, and from
the words of my moaning?
Edi beo Þu hevene queen
Edi beo Þu hevene queenBlessed be thou Queen of heavenFolks frovre and engles blis,Comfort of men and bliss of angelsModer unwemmed and maiden cleneUnblemished mother and pure virginSwich in world non oÞer nis.Such as no other is in the world
Edi beo Þu hevene queen - cntd
On Þe hit is wel eÞ seneAs for thee, it is most readily seenOf alle wimmen Þu havest Þet prisThat of all women thou hast that prizeMi swete levedi, her mi beneMy sweet lady, hear my prayerAnd reu of me zif Þi wille is.And have pity on me, if thou wilt.
Gaude virgo – 13th Century
Edi beo Þu hevene queen
OfficiumHilliard Ensemble Jan Garbarek
OfficiumVirgo flagellator
OfficiumBeata viscera
ByMagister Perotinus(Perotin the expert)
Hodie
What voice can you hear?
Guillaume de Machaut
The first complete setting of the music of the mass
Kyrie Lord have mercy
Guillaume de Machaut
• The first complete setting of the music of the mass
• Gloria Glory to God in the highest
OfficiumHilliard Ensemble Jan Garbarek
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