name name of teacher………………… office hours:----------------------- office...

Name

Name of Teacher…………………

Office Hours:-----------------------

Office Location:-----------------------

Office Location of Course Coordinator-----427

Practical Computer Literacy, 3rd Edition 1

Important Announcements

Lab work evaluation + Attendance 10 %3 Quizzes (Multiple choice WebCT-based) 15 %3 Homework (Multiple choice WebCT-based) 15 %4 Major Exams 60 %Total 100 Passing Marks for this Course is 60

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Important Announcements

• Use of mobile phone is prohibited.• Come in proper Dress Code(Sleeveless tee shirts,

shorts, sandals will not be accepted,)• More Than two absent is DN• Two late is one absent

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• Book reading is very important• For first two weeks lectures please go through the

chapters (1,2,3,5,7)

Book Reading

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Objectives

• Develop an understanding of– What is a computer?– How computers are classified? – What is a computer system?– What is computer hardware?– Please listen carefully ,after every 2,3 slides

questions will be asked

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What is a computer?

• Computer– Multipurpose digital device that:

• Accepts input• Processes data according to a series of

instructions (called computer programs or software)

• Stores data• Produces output

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What is a computer?

• Data...........?• Computer input…………?• Processing………?• Computer output………?

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What is a computer?

• When you Login to Face book

• Data...........?• input…………?• Processing………?• output………?

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Brainstorming…………….

Withdraw money from Bank ATM MachineInput-----------?Output---------------?Process-----------------?Data………………….?

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What is a computer?

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How are computers classified?

• In order of size and computing power:SupercomputersMainframesServersPersonal computers

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How are computers classified?Server:“Serves” data to computers connected to a network

Main Frame:Capable of simultaneously processing data for thousands of users

Supercomputer: One of the fastest computers in the world. Speed measured in petaflops (PFLOPS)

• Personal computers– Designed to meet computing needs of an

individual– Further classified as

• Desktop• Portable• Mobile devices

How are computers classified?

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How are computers classified?Mobile devices

Tablet computers: Examples: Apple iPad, Samsung GalaxySmartphone:

Portable computersInclude notebooks, laptops and ultrabooks

Desktop computers including Desktop All-in-one fit on desks and run on power from wall outlets

• KAUST’s new Shaheen XC40 ranks seventh in world’s top ten supercomputers

Super Computer in Saudi Arabia

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Brainstorming…………….

Which of the following orders the devices in increasing order in terms of size and processing power?

1. Tablet, notebook, mainframe, PDA.2. Notebook, PDA, mainframe, tablet3. PDA, tablet, notebook, mainframe4. Mainframe, notebook, tablet, PDA.Correct Answer:----------

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What is a Computer System?

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A complete computersystem consists of four parts

1. Hardware2. Software3. Users4. Data

PC Component Description

System unit Circuit boards, CPU, power supply, memory, storage

Display device Monitors and screens

Keyboard Primary input device

Mouse/touchpad For manipulating graphical objects and controls

Storage devices Hard disk drives, CD/DVD drives, solid state drives

Connection ports For plugging in cables for mice and keyboards

USB ports For plugging in devices (e.g., USB flash drive)

Memory card slots For transferring data from memory cards

Sound card/speakers For recording and playing music, narration, sound effects

Camera Usually built-in

Printer Output device

What is a Computer System?

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Hardware

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Hardware (cont..)

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Motherboard (cont..)

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Hardware (cont..)

• Main categories of computer hardware are– Processor– Memory (also called main memory or primary

memory – Storage ( also called secondary memory)– Input/output devices

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Processor

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A processor consists of three functional units

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) --- performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction.

2. Registers --- hold data that is being processed by the ALU

3. Control Unit (CU) --- fetches each instruction from the memory and instructs the ALU to process it

• Instruction cycle– Execution of each instruction

consists of 4 steps: 1.Fetch 2. Decode 3. Execute 4. Store

• Processor speed is measured in – Megahertz (MHz) --- one

million instruction cycles per second

– Gigahertz (GHz) --- one billion instruction cycles per second

• Three main Unit of Processor?• Register Holds …………………..• CPU speed measure in ………………..• Steps in Instruction cycle

Processor-----------Questions

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• Types of memory– RAM (random access memory)

• Temporary• Volatile• The “waiting room” for processor

– ROM (read-only memory)• More permanent• Non-volatile

Memory

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Memory

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Units of Measure for Computer Memory

Prefix “mega” means a million, or in context of bits and bytes, 1,048,576Megabits is used when referring to speed of data transmissionMegabytes is used when referring to file size, CD capacity, or video card memory capability

• A computer needs a place to store program files and related data when they are not in use.

• Storage is used to store programs and data permanently

• Storage is similar to electronic file cabinet • There is more space in storage than in memory.• Contents are retained in storage when the computer

is turned off.• Storage is very slow when compared to the memory• Storage is cheaper than the memory.

Storage

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Storage

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Difference Between Storage and Memory?

• Optical driveso CDs (compact disc): 650-700

MB capacityo DVDs (Digital video disc): 4.7

GB capacityo Blu-ray disc: 25 GB capacity

• Solid State Drive (SSD)

Brainstorming…………….

A volatile memory isA. Small in size B. Cheap in terms of priceC. Slow in storing and getting dataD. Stores the data temporarily

Correct Answer: ----------------------

USB flash is volatile (true/False)

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How do computer circuits manipulate data?

• Most computers are electronic, digital devices– Digital devices work with discrete data, such as

digits 1 and 0, or like a light switch – on or off– Analog devices work with continuous data, like a

dimmer switch with continuous range

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How do computer circuits manipulate data?

• Computers employ several codes to represent character data, including:– ASCII – requires only seven bits for each character– Extended ASCII – requires eight bits for each

character– EBCDIC – is eight-bit technology used on older,

IBM mainframe computers– Unicode uses sixteen bits and provides code for

65,535 characters

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How do computer circuits manipulate data?

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Processing : The procedure that transforms input data into output (useful information) is called processingThe processor and memory together perform this transformation or do the processing

(Input/output) Peripheral Devices

• A computer would be useless if it cannot take data from its users and after processing it return the results.

• A peripheral device is any input or output component that connects to a computer

• An input device is used to accept data and instructions from the user or from another computer system

• An output device is used to return processed data to the user or to another computer system

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(Input/output) Peripheral Devices

Input devices• Keyboard• Mouse• Touchpad• Scanners• Digital cameras• Joysticks• Microphone• Trackballs• A graphics tablet features

pressure-sensitive surface and pen for free-hand drawing

• A digitizing tablet provides flat surface for vector drawing such as blueprints and technical drawings

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Output devices• Monitor

– The most commonly used output device

– Types of monitors• Cathode ray tube (CRT)• LCD display produces image by

manipulating light within layer of liquid crystal cells

• Plasma screen creates image by illuminating miniature colored fluorescent lights in panel-like screen

– A touch screen is an example of a device which acts as both input and output device.

– Printer

Users and Data

• Users– People who use the computer and interact with it

• Data– Data consists of individual facts or bits of information like

cell phone number, date of birth of a person, etc. – The Computer reads and stores data of all kinds (words,

numbers, images, or sound) in digital form– Within computer, data is organized into files

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• Sit in a group of 3 students• Please Read Question From Next slide.• Discuss question with each other in a group• Write the Answer on paper• Discuss answers with teacher

Activity Time-Questionnaire

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Activity Time-Questionnaire (write the answer on Paper--)

• 2 byte= --------bits; 1 Terra byte = …………. bytes.• Write the four major differences between storage and memory.• What factors effect computers speed and power• What are the four main categories of computers.• Give 3 examples of real life systems/processes that uses computers or a computer

system.• The A4 processor found in the iPhone 4 also had 512MHZ of RAM (True/False)• Processor speed of my smart phone is 4GB (true/False)• Identify as either a hardware or a software from the following;

– A cup of tea placed on some table– Thoughts in my mind

• Name of three Software in your Smartphone• Name of any three input and three output devices• Write steps of one instruction cycle.

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Activity Time-Questionnaire (write the answer on Paper--)

• Explain the information above according to all of what you have learned today.

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Software……………..Next Lecture

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