nano fuel cell

PRESENTED BY: RAJKUMAR

REG. NO. 12336

BRANCH : ELECTRICAL ENGG.

KAMLA NEHRU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

SULTANPUR

►Fuel cell is a device that converts a fuel directly

into electricity in an electrochemical reaction.

► Fuel cell consists of an electrolyte layer in contact with

an anode and a cathode on either side.

►The existing electrodes

anode and cathode are

porous are made up of

compressed carbon.

►Hydrogen is fed to the anode where a catalyst seperateshydrogen’s negatively charged electrons.

2H2→ 4H+ + 4e-

►At the cathode , air is fed. so

oxygen is combined with

electrons.O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2O

►At this time the electric

current flows in opposite

direction.

►Net reaction: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

►There are many limitation of fuel cell from reaching

widespread commercial use.

►Nanotechnology can improve the efficiency of fuel cell in

several ways.

►By using nanopores you can limit what gets through the

membrance.

►Nanoparticles is used to increase the surface area to make

the reaction more efficient.

►Carbon nano tube is used to enter the hydrogen into the

fuel cell.

►It is an allotropes of carbon with a cylinderical

nanostructure.

►The diameter of a nano

tube is on the order of a

few nano meters.

►It makes the hydrogen

storage easier.

►Researches at brown university are developing a catalyst

that uses no platinum. The catalyst is made from a sheet of

graphene coated with cobalt nanoparticles.

►Researches at cornell university have developed a

catalyst using platinum cobalt nanoparticles that produce

12 times more catalytic activity than pure platinum.

►Researchers at the university of copenhagen have

demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce the

amount of platinum needed as a catalyst in fuel cell by

controlling the packing density.

●Approach Nanoparticle Electrolyte:

► Nano-sized electrolyte particles dramatically increase active

surface area and hence increases the performance of fuel cell.

● Active catalytic surface area:

► On increasing the catalytic surface area , subsequently it

increases the performance of the fuel cell.

There are many application of Nano Fuel Cell. Mainly it is classified in three areas:

►Transport

►Portable

►Stationary

◘ Application in Transport

1) The fuel cell bus sector is showing year-on-year growth,

with more prototypes being unveiled.

2) Light duty vehicles(LDVs), such as cars and vans.

3) Ferries and smaller boats.

◘ Application in Portable

Fuel Cell today defines portable fuel cells as those

which are built into, or charge up, products that are

designed to be moved. These include military

applications (portable soldier power, skid mounted

fuel cell generators etc), Auxiliary Power Units (APU)

(e.g. for the leisure and trucking industries), portable

products (torches, vine trimmers etc).

► It is eco-friendly , noiseless and has no rotating part.

► Wide chioce of fuel for fuel cell.

► Higher efficiency up to 60% as compared to conventional

which has 30%.

► Require less space.

► In addition to electric power, fuel cell plant also supply

hot water , space heat and stream.

► No transmission and distribution losses.

► Cost to implement a fiel cell system exceeds $ 4000 per

KW.

► Lack of Hydrogen Infrastructure.

► Low life time of Fuek cell..

►The NANOTECH REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS

provides solutions for the problems, which are effectively

in internal combustion engines. Here, developments in

fuel cells are making it useful in ultimate ways. It

concludes that our environment and renewable resources

will be preserve. It will lead to a new evolution in

automobiles. To compress more power into smaller

volumes, researchers have begun to build fuel cells on the

fuzzy frontier of nanotechnology.