nanomaterials and their optical applications - uni-jena.de · you have done at least one oral...

rachel.grange@uni-jena.de Lecture 01 http://www.iap.uni-jena.de/multiphoton

Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications Winter Semester 2013

Lecture 01

Rachel.grange@uni-jena.de

rachel.grange@uni-jena.de Lecture 01

Nanomaterials & their Optical Applications 2

Lecturer: Rachel Grange, rachel.grange@uni-jena.de

Teaching assistant: Anton Sergeyev, anton.sergeyev@uni-jena.de

Institute of Applied Physics Friedrich Schiller University Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 07745 Jena Phone: +49-3641-947848

Our address :

Seminar: Mondays, 16h-18h, SR 4 , Physik Lecture: Tuesdays, 12h-14h00, SR 2, Physik

Sharp ?

It starts next week, October 21 st !

Today’s outline

Infos about the lecture, website,…

Organization: seminars, grades, exam,…

Content of the lectures

What will you learn ?

References: journals, bibliography

Introduction to Nanos: history, definitions,…

Concepts of Nanophotonics

Downloads infos:: http://www.iap.uni-jena.de/teaching

Organization 5

Date lecture Remarques, Homeworks

1 15.10.2013 paper 1 + get homework 1 (HW1)

2 22.10.2013 paper 2

3 29.10.2013 paper 3 + turn in HW1 + get HW2

4 05.11.2013 Paper 4 + Topics for oral presentation

5 12.11.2013 Paper 5 + turn in HW2 + get HW3 + Tell me your topic

6 19.11.2013 paper 6

7 26.11.2013 paper 7 + turn in HW3 + get HW4

8 03.12.2013 Paper 8

9 10.12.2013Paper 9 + turn in HW4 + get HW5Seminar Presentations by students (session 1)

x 17.12.2013 no lecture, one more lecture in January if needed

x 24.12.2013 Holidays, no lecture

x 31.12.2013 Holidays, no lecture

10 07.01.2014 paper 10 + turn in HW5

11 14.01.2014 Paper 11

12 21.01.2014 Paper 12

13 28.01.2014 Paper 13

14 04.02.2014 Seminar presentations by students (session 2)

Organization 6

Downloads infos:: http://www.iap.uni-jena.de/teaching Date Seminar Tasks

1 21.10.2013 Paper 1 discussions / Hints for Homework 1 (HW 1)

2 04.11.2013 Paper 2-3 discussions / Hints for HW2 / corrections of HW1

3 18.11.2013Paper 4-5 discussions / Hints for HW3 / corrections of HW2 / Methods workshop to prepare the oral presentation

4 02.12.2013 Paper 6-7 / Hints for HW4 / corrections of HW3 /Questions about the oral presentation

5 16.12.2013 Paper 8-9 /Hints for HW5 / corrections of HW4

x 30.12.2013 Holidays, no seminar

6 13.01.2014 Paper 10 /corrections of HW5

7 27.01.2014 Seminar presentations by students (session 3)

Seminars: Homework & Exams 7

Exams (compulsory):

You are eligible to take the exam if :

You have 60% or more of the written homework (4 sheets) done correctly.

You have done at least one oral discussion during the seminar

of one of the paper given during the term.

You have held a presentation (20 minutes + 5 minutes questions) about one of the

topics given mid November 2013 (counts as the exam grade for 40%).

Homeworks (compulsory):

oral examination

content of the lectures and of the seminars

Count for 60% of the grade

Topics of the lectures 8

1. Introduction to Nanomaterials for photonics : classification

2. Analogy between photons and electrons : light-mater interactions

3. Generation of Nanomaterials : top-down or bottom-up

4. Characterization of Nanomaterials : SEM, SNOM, …

5. Plamonics

6. Organic nanomaterials : carbon nanotubes, graphene

7. Semiconductors

8. Photonic crystals

9. Nano-opto-fluidics

10.Nanomarkers

What will you learn ? 9

Interdisciplinarity of nanos: ‘There is plenty of room at the bottom…’

physics, material sciences, chemistry, biology,…

The advantages and disadvantages of each type of material

Is there any ideal material out there ?

The computer models available to describe the physics

How to read a scientific paper, extract the important infos and give

your opinion about it.

How to prepare an oral presentation and search the literature for it

Books 10

• P. N. Prasad, Nanophotonics. Wiley interscience, 2004.

• B. Bhushan, Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology. 2007.

• H. G. Rubahn, Basics of nanotechnology, 3rd ed. 2008.

• Novotny & Hecht Principles of nano-optics, 2nd, 2013

Scientific journals 11

• APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (Appl. Phys. Lett): http://ojps.aip.org/aplo/

• PHYSICAL REVIEW (Phys. Rev.): http://prola.aps.org/

• PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (Phys. Rev. Lett.): http://prl.aps.org/

• Nature Photonics, http://www.nature.com/nphoton

• Nature Nanotechnology

• Nano Letters, ACS nano, Small

• Advanced Materials

• NATURE: http://www.nature.com/nature/

• SCIENCE: http://www.sciencemag.org/

Links 12

• http://www.nanomat.de NETWORK for Nanotechnology Materials in Germany

• http://nano.gov US National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

• http://www.nano.org.uk education and training in nanotechnology

• www.oecd.org/sti/nano OECD working party to advise upon emerging policy

issues of science, technology and innovation related to the responsible

development of nanotechnology

• http://nanohub.org online simulation and more for nanotechnology

2 Topics of Labworks / Internship 13

http://www.iap.uni-jena.de/multiphoton left side bar, click on teaching

Concepts you may know… 14

Outline of Lecture 1 15

Flavour of nanotechnology : Definitions

History of Nanomaterials

History of Nanoelectronics

Nanosciences growth

Nanomarket

Nanorisks

Introduction to nanophotonics

Some concepts to classify nanophotonics

Building blocks : photons & electrons

Definitions 16

Nanomaterials, nanotechnology, nanosciences, nanophotonics…..

NANO- =Greek for little old man, very small or tiny

-TECHNOLOGY: techno- =Greek for art, skill, -logy =the study of

The application of knowledge for practical ends

-SCIENCE = from Latin meaning knowledge

-MATERIAL = from latin materia , substance from which something is made

-PHOTON = photo (greek for light) and on = greek for unit

1926: unit of electromagnetic radiation

Nano-scale 17

Nanosystems Lecture, A. Holleitner, TU Munich

angstrom or ångström = 0.1 nm or 1×10−10 m or 100 pm)

10 nm = 1 Å

Nano-scale 18

nanopedia.case.edu

Nanomaterials for what ? 19

High transparency of dielectrics like optical fibre Data transport over long distances Very high data rate

Nanoscale data storage Limited speed due to interconnect Delay times

The speed of photonics The size of electronics

Brongersma, M.L. & Shalaev, V.M. The case for plasmonics. Science 328 (2010).

Evolution of the materials 20

Nanooxide photonics

Metallic nanoplasmonic

My research topic

Nanospheres: 15-100 nm

Nanowires

Brongersma, M.L. & Shalaev, V.M. The case for plasmonics. Science 328 (2010).

Evolution of the materials 21

Plasmonics and metamaterials: looking beyond gold and silver, SPIE 2012, Alexandra Boltasseva, Purdue University

‘Less metallic’ material for plasmonic / metamaterials

Optical cloaks Sub-diffraction imaging

http://dionne.stanford.edu/JDionne_Research.html

6 March 2006 / Vol. 14, No. 5 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1843

(a) Calculated ray-tracing image of a metal rod in an empty drinking glass. (b) glass is filled with normal water n =1.3 , leading to ordinary refraction (c) The water is replaced by “water” with a fictitious refractive index of n= -1.3

N. Engheta, “Circuits with light at nanoscales: optical nanocircuits inspired by metamaterials.,” Science, vol. 317, no. 5845, pp. 1698-1702, Sep. 2007.

imaginary part of the permittivity, which is related to the dissipation (or loss) of energy real part of the permittivity, which is related to the stored energy within the medium.

Permittivity ε is a measure of how an electric field affects, and is affected by, a dielectric medium.

Macro but nano 24

Many properties that we see are due to nanostructures

Potyrailo et al., Nature Photonics 1, 123 - 128 (2007)

Hierarchical photonic structure of butterfly

Macro but nano 25

http://nanoall.blogspot.com

www.lem.kit.du/english/141.php

DNA Gecko

Macro but nano 26

www.ipht-jena.de Stained glass Notre Dame de Paris , 1250

Interdisciplinarity of Nano 27

Nature Nanotechnology 4, 534 - 536 (2009) doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.207

Selected Nobel Prize related to nanoscience 28

• Physics: A. Geim and Konstantin (2010) Graphene sheet

• Chemistry: O. Shimomura, M. Chalfie, and R. Tsien (2008) GFP

• Physics: A. Fert, P. Grünberg (2007)

• Chemistry: G. Ertl (2007)

• Physics: Alferov, Kroemer, Kilbey (2000) integrated circuit

• Physics: Laughlin, Störmer, Tsui (1998)

• Chemistry: Kroto, Smalley, Curl (1996) fullerenes

• Medicine: Neher, Sakmann (1991) ion channels in cells

• Physics: Ruska, Binnig, Rohrer (1986) SEM and STM

• Physics: von Klitzing (1985) Hall effect

• Phyics: Anderson, Mott, van Vleck (1977)

• Physics: Esaki, Giaever, Josephson (1973) Tunnel effect

• Medicine: Crick, Watson and Wilkins (1962) DNA

• Physics: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain (1956) Transistor

• Chemistry, R. Zsigmondy (1925), colloids

Origin of Nanomaterials ? 29

http://exploringorigins.org/protocells.html

Nanomaterials , when did it start ? 30

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1 April 1865 – 23 September 1929)

Slit ultramicroscope devised by Siedentopf and Zsigmondy (1902). Reproduced with permission from Carl Zeiss archives

Nobel prize 2007 in Chemistry 32

converts carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide

Heterogeneous catalysis

Oxygen atoms on Ru(0001) 13% coverage, room temperature

Atomic-scale Imaging of Surface Processes

Prof. Gerhard Ertl

Nanoelectronics 33

First transistors 1947- 1949, Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain

Moore’s law 34

Number of transistors per chip doubles within 18 months On April 19, 1965 Electronics Magazine published a paper by Gordon Moore in which he made a prediction about the semiconductor industry

Nanoscience origins 35

“There is plenty of room at the bottom” Caltech 1959

Richard Feynman 2-3 minutes to present a paper

(about 2-3 sentences per point)

1. General topic and goal of the paper

2. The methods to achieve the goal

3. The results and conclusion

4. Your opinion or questions about it

Nanoscience origins 36

“There is plenty of room at the bottom” Caltech 1959

Eric Drexler Molecular manufacturing 1986

Or Nano(n)sense

‘Nanobots’ ‘Grey goo’

Richard Feynman

Papers and citations since 2000 37

Topic=(nanomaterial)

ISI web of knowledge, Thomson Reuters

Publications in nanosciences 38

Nano & Business 39

Less than 0.1% of global manufacturing output today to 15% in 2014 Report from 2004 !

Which materials in commercialized products ? 40

www.nanotechproject.org learning about how nanotechnology is entering the marketplace

In which sectors ? 41

Number of Products 2005-2010 42

Number of total products listed, by date of inventory update, with regression analysis.

Number of Where ? 43

Macro but nano 44

Products 45

• Nanosomes (liposome) 30-50 nm, skin 100nm,

• Self cleaning cloth: tie

• Self cleaning glass

• Automobile

• Nanoparticles in solar cream

Risks of nanotechnology 46

Global reinsurer with focus on risk transfer, risk retention financing, and asset management.

Take home message ! 47

Richard Feynman

R. P. Feynman, “There’s plenty of room at the bottom,” Engineering and Science, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 22-36, 1960.

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