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Next Generation AMI System Architecture and the Smart Grid
David G. HartMarch 2010
2 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics� Multi-Utility Requirements
� Electric (power always on)� Gas (battery powered communications)� Water (battery powered communications)
� Smart Meters� Smart meters are the driving force behind AMI
� Multi-Technology Two Way Communications � WAN technology includes public wireless, utility in frastructure
such as SCADA communications, satellite or other te chnology� LAN typically 902-928 MHz, some at 2.4 GHz or licens ed� HAN typically Zigbee 2.4 GHz or Homeplug line carrie r
technologies
� Standards� Glue that allows systems to inter-operate
� Grid Modernization� Leverage new communications infrastructure to impro ve the
grid operation
3 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics - Multi-Utility Requirements� Utility solutions and infrastructure should meet
all of their needs – not just part of the needs� Utilities provide essential services: Electric, Gas ,
and Water � All of these benefit from the smart grid
� Better customer service� Conservation via loss detection� Better planning and deployment of infrastructure
� AMI must not require multiple infrastructures for the same purpose
� All natural resources need to be conserved � Conservation is enabled when knowledge is
available� AMI provides the knowledge !
4 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics - Smart Meters
� Smart meters provide new opportunities for residential service� Time of Use Rates� Interval data for monitoring usage
� Smart Meter vs Dumb Meter� Solid state meter does not equal smart meter� Smart Meter needs to compute metrological functions
� Allows use of standard tables� Allows auditability of the meter at the utility mete r shop� Allows government approval of the meter such as
measurement Canada approval� Smart Meters needs to have ability to firmware
upgrade meter and communications options� Smart meter needs to be programmable to meet
evolving customer needs
5 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics - Smart MetersMetering Architecture – Inconsistent Today3 Architectural Parts: Today:
• Depending on vendor, register functionality can be done in either Communications module or Meter
• Audit challenges - Some meters provide data locally via optical port others don’t
• It may be possible to have two separate sources calculating billing data
• In many cases registers functionality cannot be flashed
• Different comms protocols used• Some use C12.19 tables others don’t• Functionality of C&I meters similar across
vendors• Functionality of residential meters varies
greatly across vendors• Different approaches to meter security
Register (LP kwhr, kw, kVar.TOU, etc)
Core Metrology
Communications
Register (LP, TOU)
Ambiguous overlap exists today
6 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics – Multi-Technology Two Way Communications� One technology cannot solve all of the utility
requirements� Line carrier, wireless mesh, SCADA, public wireless ,
dedicated frequency bands, etc.� All AMI systems require multi-technology
communication deployments� WAN/LAN/HAN
� Smart Grid solution requires that multiple technologies be deployed and overlap� Line carrier on a secondary transformer may use
utility WAN to communicate to the headend� Mesh network may utilize utility fiber or SCADA rad ios
to communicate to the headend� Either could utilize public wireless for headend
communications� Public wireless can be used for hard to reach or
critical points such as C&I meters
7 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Customer Information System
Billing/Settlement Systems
Meter Data Repository Demand Response
Work Order Mgmt & Inventory
Outage Mgmt System
Rate Research
Utility Enterprise Service Bus
WAN WAN Cloud Extends Over the Distribution Network
AMI Basics – Multi-Technology
900 MHz
900 MHz
900 MHz
900 MHz
900 MHz
C&I meter
C&I meter
Multi-Technology Approach for the WAN to utilize extension of new technologies, existing utility systems, public wireless, etc
8 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics – Standards ‘Glue’
� Standards are essential to providing functionality across systems� TCP/IP, UDP, CIM, DNP,
Zigbee, IEEE 802.15.4g (in process), C12, etc
� Standards must exist at the interfaces to allow for All AMI systems require multi-technology communication deployments
� Security standards are essential for a reliable network
AMI Smart Grid
AMI Headend
Consumer Portal
DR
SCADA
MDM
9 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics – Grid ModernizationToday’s Distribution Grid is a Black Box
R
Generation and Transmission SCADABattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates
Distribution SCADATypically limited to substationsBattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates
Feeder and Customer PremiseLimited information available
Mbps High Speed Communications for Low Volume High Value Capital InvestmentsLimited or No Communications for High Volume Lower Capital Investments
Sys
tem
O
bser
vabi
lity
10 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics – Grid ModernizationThe Smart Distribution Grid Provides Distribution System Information Like Never Before
R
Generation and Transmission SCADABattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates
Distribution SCADATypically limited to substationsBattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates
Feeder and Customer PremiseInformation from across the gridConsumer access to data
High Speed Communications for Low Volume High Value Capital InvestmentsAMI Mesh with Distributed Intelligence provides communications across the grid
Sys
tem
O
bser
vabi
lity
11 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
AMI Basics – Grid Modernization
Voltage Monitoring� Deployment to monitor voltage levels at secondary
transformers and detect blown fuse at the transform er� Information that was never economically practical b efore AMI
12 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the
Smart Grid
� Standard Smart Meter functionality
� New communication technologies� Public WiMax� Private WiMax� Public Wireless� Communications will continue to rapidly move forwar d
� Standards will catch up to the new technologies� More LAN standardization in the future to drive tow ard
smart meters with integrated cost optimized communications
� Continued push for SCADA functionality such as DNP over IP
� Continued impact of the public wireless technologie s in the smart grid space
13 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the
Smart Grid
� Communications across the distribution grid will generate new Smart Distribution Grid applications� Immediate and clear benefits
� Quality of Service indices� Voltage performance and management� Loss detection
� New applications will continue to drive local distributed intelligence into the communications networks� Voltage alarms� Firmware upgrades
� More utilization of consumer infrastructure� Consumer portals
14 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridA Standard Metering Architecture for the Future
Future• Register functionality will be done by
the meter communications will be a pass through
• All data will be available locally via optical port even with communications turned off.
• Communications and register functionality will be flashed for bug fixes and feature upgrades
• C12.19 tables will become more standardized (On going work)
• C12.22 or other protocol will emerge as an application layer over IP (On going work)
• Functionality of C&I and residential meters will become more similar
• More embedded Comms
Register (LP kwhr, kw, kVar.TOU, etc)
Core Metrology
CommunicationsOnly
15 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridMulti-Technology (Today vs. Tomorrow)
• Radio technology is changing-Public Wireless� Public Wireless
�Smaller form factor� Industrial grade�Lower cost point�Network providers offering bundled
pricing and service� Increased BW and lower latency
� Improved network management metrics
�Offer full TCP/IP stacks�Allow for drivers to easily be
created for 3rd party development
16 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridMulti-Technology
� Radio Technology is Changing – Private Radios
� Current crop of mesh and tower based solution will continue� Focus on BW – 100kbps + will be the norm� Transport of multi-protocols etc..
� Much work is being done by radio module vendors� Smaller size� Cost� Various modulation techniques
� Radios typically thought of as SCADA radios will find their way under the cover or as access points to the AMI mesh� Choice of multiple physical radios under the cover
� OFDM (used in WiMax) is gaining interest for private radios� 600k – 1Mbps at 900 Mhz� Greater BW will improve interoperability
� IEEE standards work will advance these radios� There may be Utility allocated spectrum – Canada??
17 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridMulti-Technology (Today vs. Tomorrow)
EA Management
System
Unified Interface to Utility Enterprise Systems: • Demand Response• Work Order Mgmt• Outage Mgmt• Rate Research • Billing• CIS• MDM• Inventory Mgmt
Enterprise Applications
Demand ResponseWork Order MgmtOutage MgmtRate Research BillingCISMDMInventory Mgmt
AMI Network
Management System Meters and
other endpoint devices
Util
ity S
ervi
ce B
us
Web Services, SOAP, API, MultiSpeak,
CIM
WAN Backhaul LAN, NAN, FAN
AMI Solution
Today’s Focus – Single Technology
18 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridMulti-Technology (Today vs. Tomorrow)
EA Management
System
Unified Interface to Utility Enterprise Systems: • Demand Response• Work Order Mgmt• Outage Mgmt• Rate Research • Billing• CIS• MDM• Inventory Mgmt
Enterprise Applications
Demand ResponseWork Order MgmtOutage MgmtRate Research BillingCISMDMInventory Mgmt
AMI NetworkManagement
System
Meters and other
endpoints
Util
ity S
ervi
ce B
us
Web Services, SOAP, API, MultiSpeak,
CIM
Network Management
Security
IP Connectivity
WAN Tech 1
WAN LAN 2
Disaster Recovery / High Availability Distributed Intelligence, Self Healing
Unifying Smart Grid Solutions
WAN Tech 2
WAN LAN 1
Future: Multiple Technologies
19 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.
Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridSmart Grid Applications
New Metering in the Smart Grid
Traditional Meter Today
Thank You!
David G. Hartdavid.g.hart@us.elster.comwww.EnergyAxis.com
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