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NOTE: SOME OF THE MATERIAL IN THIS
PRESENTATION IS COPYRIGHTED
BUT FREE FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES.
CHECK WITH
pertti.huuskonen@nokia.com
BEFORE USING
OUTSIDE THE
SGN-5858 SEMINAR.
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What is context?S O M E E X A M P L E S
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Could I have some
Camels, please.
2 packs, please.
Cigarettes! Cigarettes,
you idiot!
CONTEXT IN DIALOGUE
Yes, up here in my room.
What? Animals not allowed?
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June 25, 2008 UbiComm Slide
Ubiquitous Computing
“Ubiquitous, a. Existing or being
everywhere; omnipresent” – The New Webster’s Dictionary
“Computer access will be
everywhere: in the walls,
on wrists, and in ‘scrap
computers’ (like scrap
paper) lying about to be
grabbed as needed. “
This is called ‘Ubiquitous Computing’, or ‘ubicomp’.-- Mark Weiser, IEEE Computer, October 1993
http://www.ubiq.com/
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NOKIA Point & Find
paf.nokia.comWednesday, March 11, 2009
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© NOKIA Pertti Huuskonen
How are contexts recognised?
Higher level context
Context recognition(time series sensor fusion)
Indoors
WalkingFrequency
Car
Trip to work
Tim
eArrival
Elevator
WalkingFrequency
Indoors
WalkingFrequency
0.9
0.8
1.0
0.93
0.7
1.0
0.6
1.0
1.0Context atoms in a time sequence vector
Context atoms Probabilities
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Multichannel sensor interpretation
Source: VTT Electronics/Panu Korpipää
Phase of the scenario Correct set of contexts
1. Drive car (Car, Activity)
2. Run to the door (Other sound, Running, Outside, Activity)
3. Walk to the elevator (Other sound, Walking, Inside, Activity)
4. Wait for the elevator (Other sound, Inside)
5. Elevator (Elevator, Inside)
6. Walk to the door (Other sound, Walking, Inside, Activity)
7. Open the door, sit down (Other sound, Walking, Inside, Activity)
8. Make a phone call (Speech, Inside)
9. End call, put on music (Other sound, Walking, Inside, Activity)
10. Classical music (Classical music, Inside, Still)
11. Stop, change disc, play (Other sound, Walking, Inside, Activity)
12. Rock music (Rock music, Inside, Still)
13. Stop music, walk to tap (Other sound, Walking, Inside, Activity)
14. Take tap water (Tap water sound, Inside)
15. Walk to the table, sit (Other sound, Walking, Inside, Activity)
16. Eat (Other sound, Inside, Activity)
17. Conversation (Speech, Inside)
9 channels: 3x acceleration, 2x light intensity, temperature, humidity, skin conductivity, audio
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Semantic Data
15
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Modeling people / the world / life
... is hard.
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and / or common sense :-)
Google ad upon searching “Context Awareness”
Google needs some context awareness
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Why Middleware?
Context Application0.784V,
0.348 mA,
-0.84i+0.23j
Context Application0.784V,
0.348 mA,
-0.84i+0.23j
Outdoors,
In Hand,
Running
Middleware
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Context Framework
Series 60
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Nokia N97 contains the context framework in its
Symbian operating system.
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© 2007 Nokia
File: - E:\PICS\IMG_8699.JPG. . Make - Canon. Model - Canon EOS 300D DIGITAL. Orientation - Top left. XResolution - 180. YResolution - 180. ResolutionUnit - Inch. DateTime - 2006:11:05 18:45:52. YCbCrPositioning - Centered. ExifOffset - 196. ExposureTime - 2 seconds. FNumber - 5.60. ISOSpeedRatings - 400. ExifVersion - 0221. DateTimeOriginal - 2006:11:05 18:45:52. DateTimeDigitized - 2006:11:05 18:45:52. ComponentsConfiguration - YCbCr. CompressedBitsPerPixel - 3 (bits/pixel). ShutterSpeedValue - 2 seconds. ApertureValue - F 5.60. ExposureBiasValue - 0.00. MaxApertureValue - F 3.50. MeteringMode - Multi-segment. Flash - Not fired, compulsory flash mode. FocalLength - 22 mm. UserComment - . FlashPixVersion - 0100. ColorSpace - sRGB. ExifImageWidth - 3072. ExifImageHeight - 2048. I n t e r o p e ra b i l i t y O f f s e t - 2 3 6 6 . Fo c a l P l a n e X R e s o l u t i o n - 3 4 4 3 . 9 5 . FocalPlaneYResolution - 3442.02. FocalPlaneResolutionUnit - Inch. SensingMethod - One-chip color area sensor. FileSource - DSC - Digital still camera. CustomRendered - Normal process. ExposureMode - Auto. WhiteBalance - Auto. SceneCaptureType - Landscape. . Maker Note (Vendor): - . Macro mode - Off. Self timer - Off. Quality - Fine. Flash mode - Auto + red-eye reduction. Sequence mode - Single or Timer. Focus mode - One-Shot. Image size - Large. Easy shooting mode - Landscape. Digital zoom - None. Contrast - High , +1. Saturation - High , +1. Sharpness - High , +1. ISO Value - 400. Metering mode - Evaluative. Focus type - Auto. AF point selected - . Exposure mode - Easy shooting. Focal length - 18 - 55 mm (1 mm). Flash activity - Not fired. Flash details - . Focus mode 2 - 65535. White Balance - Auto. Sequence number - 0. Flash bias - 0.00 EV. Subject Distance - 65535. File number - 000 - 0000. Image Type - IMG:EOS 300D DIGITAL JPEG. Firmware Version - Firmware Version 1.1.1. Camera Serial Number - 1570502381. Image Number - 2868699. Owner Name - MarjaN.
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© NOKIA
uk.weather.com
GPS+Place server
GSM clock
Message log
Bluetooth
WLAN
Presence &Calendar
Metadata
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images, video, audio, messages, contacts, playlists, bookmarks,…
personal settings
game content
macros & scripts
social network data
superdata
landmarks
remixes
collections & combinations (benchmark: Apple iLife suite)
…
Content history and relation
“What was the MP3 I was listening to when I took this photo?”
UI skins, voice commands, profiles, T9
dictionaries, …
items, movies, characters,
saved games,…
New types coming up all the time; slow adoption
Emerging content types
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3 © 2007 Nokia
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Forget-me-not by Xerox Research (around 1993)
•“Intimate computing”: carry a computer
(ParcTab) at all times
•Collect contextual data into a biography
• Personal location (by tabs)
• Encounters with people (by tabs)
• Workstation activities: programs, files, email
• Phone calls
•Context as retrieval key
•Access with icon-based hypertext system
on the tabs
http://www.lamming.com/mik/Papers/fmn.pdf
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Context Movies
! Presents collected context through fun and entertaining video diaries
! Minimal labor – yet graphically spectacular movies!
! Save to gallery or send via MMS
Calendar
Set Time span, determine movie length and fetch background music from media gallery
Then preview, and save to gallery …
…. or send as MMS
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© 2007 Nokia
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Photo: Gardiner Pearson (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/pix/events/secretary/2003/16993.htm)
WatchingListening
Snoring
Texting
Conversing
Sleeping
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IEEE Wireless Communications,
October 2002, pp. 39-45
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
40
Case study: Sports data sensing
• Based on the Palantir dataset
• Several people are doing the same activity
• 9 Context classes
• All recognizers have slightly different recognition accuracy
From: Jani Mäntyjärvi & Ville Könönen, VTT
Improves recognitionfrom 72% to 92%
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C.S.P. (Context Service Provider)
KNOWITALL.COM
W E K N O W Y O U R C O N T E X T .
(Picture depicting the agents from the movie Matrix removed)
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> 38°C> Quite humid> Not moving> Touch detected> Inferred location:
by the pool _
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Burp.
> 38°C> Quite humid> Not moving> Touch detected> Inferred location:
by the pool _
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© NOKIA Pertti Huuskonen
Why is context awareness needed?
!"Wednesday, March 11, 2009
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