nrem 612 - university of hawaiicycle sci102/image / ovitch natsci102/na a milank s.arizona.edu...

NREM 612NREM 612NREM 612NREM 612Chemical DegradationChemical Degradation

Dr Greg BrulandDr Greg BrulandDr. Greg BrulandDr. Greg Bruland

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2(IPCC 2007)Idealized model of the natural greenhouse effect.

Estimate of Earth’s annual and global mean energy balance. Incoming solar radiation absorbed by earth and atmosphere is balanced by release of same

3(IPCC 2007)

radiation absorbed by earth and atmosphere is balanced by release of same amount of outgoing longwave radiation.

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A scientist removes a glacial ice core stored in a freezer.

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Vostok ice-core temperature and CO2 from Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Sea level from NASA/GISS.

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At h iAtmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O over the last 10 000over the last 10,000 years (large panels) and since 1750 (inset panels) Atmosphericpanels). Atmospheric samples = red lines, ice core data = different colors for different studies. Radiative forcing shown on right hand

(IPCC 2007)axes.

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Global average radiative forcing (RF) estimates for important agents and

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Global average radiative forcing (RF) estimates for important agents and mechanisms, with spatial scale, and assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU).

(IPCC 2007)

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13(Giambelluca et al. 2008)

People and wetlands at risk from a 44-cm rise in sea level by thePeople and wetlands at risk from a 44 cm rise in sea level by the 2080s assuming coastal flood protection remains as it is today.

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(Keller and Botkin 2008)

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(Kunzig 2008)