occasional papers 3 2002
Post on 02-Jun-2018
229 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
1/40
OCCASIONAL PAPERS No.3(I)/2002
ROMANIAS WESTERNIZATIONAND NATO MEMBERSHIP
- A HISTORICAL APPROACH -
ByBrig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D.
Director of Institute for Political Studies
of Defense and Military History
Romanias Ministry of National Defense
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
2/40
CONTENTS
Romanias Westernization and Membership
- A Historical Approach................................................. p. 5
Annex 1.Letter of Application on NATO
Membership from the President of Romania to the
Secretary General of NATO..................................... p. 7
Annex 2. Statement................................................... p. 13
Annex 3.DECLARATION of the political parties
represented in the Parliament concerning Romanias
admission into NATO............................................... p. 13
Annex 4.Romanian Favourable Public Opinion forNATO Integration.................................................. p. 13
Annex 5.Study on NATO Enlargement.................. p. 13
Annex 6.Ministerial Meeting of the North
Atlantic Council / North Atlantic Cooperation
Council, NATO Headquarters, Brussels,
January 10-11, 1994................................................. p. 13
Annex 7.Membership Action Plan (MAP).............. p. 13
Annex 8.What is the most important problem
in Romania?...............................................................p. 13Annex 9.MAP IV (IVth Cycle - 2002-2003)........... p. 13
Annex 10.Romanian Participation in PSOs Under
the Aegis of UN, NATO, OSCE and in the Fight
Against Terrorism as of 15 August 2002.................. p. 13
3
Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
3/40
Immediately after the collapse of the old regime in 1989,
to reorient Romanias foreign policy was among the mainpriorities. The new authorities have declared they agree to
comply with all the international commitments of the state,
an express mentioning being made in relation with the
Warsaw Treaty. The bipolar era was not completely dead,
and the above mentioned issue had its well founded reason.In the following years, in accordance with the new his-
torical evolution in Central and Eastern Europe the for-mer Soviet outside empire , Romania evolved towardsa strategic objective unprecedented in its last half of centu-ry foreign policy> integration into NATO and EuropeanUnion. In other words, Romanias strategic objective at aninternational level became the integration into the Westerninstitutions of security and economic development, with allthat this means from the point of view of internal and for-
eign aims orientations. In September 1993, Romaniaaddressed the official request of becoming a part of NATO(Annex 1), and in January 1995 it became associate mem-ber of the European Union.
The rapidly change of paradigm that occurred in
Romanias fate in the first years of 90s could be itself a
5
Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
4/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
5/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
6/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
7/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
8/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
9/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
10/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
11/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
12/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
13/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
14/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
15/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
16/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
17/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
18/40
data. Fourthly, historical and contemporary examples indis-
solubly link these processes or make them coincide (the caseof Japan, the Meiji era or the Asian tigers in the XXth cen-tury or the present tentative of Russia). Last but not least, geo-graphically speaking Romania is nowadays surrounded by
the West both from the West, being naturally included in theprocesses of NATO and EU enlargement towards East, andfrom the East> the West already has its outposts (economic andmilitary ones) in what is geopolitically considered GreaterMiddle East (the proper Middle-East, the Caucasian area, thepost-Soviet Central Asia).
Therefore, for a country like Romania, a moderniza-tion outside the westernization is a historical, cultural,geographical and practical impossibility.
NOTES1 See {tefan Zeletin,Burghezia rom=n\. Originea [i rolul ei istoric,
Humanitas, Bucharest, 1991, p.54< idem, Neoliberalismul. Studii
asupra istoriei [i politicii burgheziei rom=ne, Scripta, Bucharest,
1992, pp.26-27< Eugen Lovinescu,Istoria civiliza]iei rom=ne mod-
erne, Scientific Publishing House, Bucharest, 1972, pp.78-78, 246.
2 I.C. Filitti, Via]a politic\ a }\rii Rom=ne[ti [i a Moldovei, in
Enciclopedia Rom=niei, vol.1, Bucharest, 1938, p.826.
3 In 1803, we find in Paris a young Moldavian student studying the
Law> it is the year when a Wallachian boyar traveled to Paris forasking Napoleon Bonaparte to restore the native rules, following
that, in the next year, to have in Ia[i a boyars memorial conta-
mined, according to the agitated authorities, by French insubordi-
nation, Eugen Lovinescu, Ibidem, p.96.
4 Adrian Niculescu, Aux racines de la democratie en Roumanie>
Pruncul Rom=n, premier journal libre roumain, Chronique de la
revolution valaque de 1848. These doctorate, Montpellier,
Decembre, 2002, pp.47-48, 90-93.
5 Eugen Lovinescu,Ibidem, p.304.
6 Adrian Miroiu, Conservatorii rom=ni> ;ntre parhiarhism [i con-
struc]ia statului modern, in Maria Bucur, Mihaela Miroiu (editor),
Patriarhat [i emancipare, p.79.
7 Rom=nia ;n timpul primului r\zboi mondial, vol.1, Bucharest,
1996, pp.26-28.
8 Gheorghe M. Dobrovici,Istoricul dezvolt\rii economice [i finan-
ciare a Rom=niei [i ;mprumuturile contractate, 1823-1933,
Bucharest, 1943, p.235.9 Dennis Deletant, Introduction inRomania within the Warsaw Pact>
Ambivalence and Ambiguities, Documents Collection, CD-ROM
edited by the Institute for Political Studies of Defense and Military
History, July 2002.
34 35
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
19/40
ANNEX 1
Letter of Application on NATO Membership from the
President of Romania to the Secretary General of NATOBucharest, 18 September 1993
Dear Mr. Secretary General,
The rapid evolution of political events in a world now free of the
constraints imposed by the Cold War calls for an ever closer commu-
nication and cooperation in order to properly react to the new oppor-
tunities in the field of international cooperation, and especially in the
field of security.Considering you a friend of Romania and of the Romanian people, a
friend who, by the understanding shown for Romanian realities and by
the support offered, decidedly contributed to enhancing our relations
with the North-Atlantic Alliance, I presented you, on the occasion of my
February visit to the NATO Headquarters, the importance Romania
attaches to its integration into the Euro-Atlantic space and its basic secu-
rity institutions.Romania, just like other countries of the region, is linking its con-
cerns for national security and stability in the area with NATO, the mostreliable political and military alliance in modern times which, subse-
quent to the collapse of the Iron Curtain, has proved its ability to adjust
to the new European realities. Therefore, we believe that NATO is the
sole organization which can provide, at present, a credible framework
for the security of the young European democracies and for the stability
in the region.
37
Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
20/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
21/40
and the Alliance apply to the partner countries in this region relying on
the strategic NATO concept stating the indivisibility of security in
Europe, a concept Romania fully subscribes to.
We consider the Center and South-East of Europe as a unitary
region sharing common problems and high degree of integration in
terms of security. That is the reason why only nondiscriminatory treat-
ment applied by the NATO to the new democracies in this region can
strengthen the Alliances own potential.
I insisted on conveying these thoughts to you, Mr. Secretary
General, as an expression of the particular importance Romania and
the Romanian society attach to the cooperation with the North-AtlanticAlliance, to the furthering of its values, which we entirely share and
have adopted as our own.
Hoping that in due time the relations between Romania and NATO
will develop in such way as to enable us to fully participate in our joint
security efforts, please accept the assurance of my highest consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Ion Iliescu
His ExcellencyMr. Manfred Wrner
Secretary General of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization
Bruxelles
ANNEX 2
Statement
Gathered today, June 21, 1995 in Snagov, the below signatories ofthe present Statement, found that the National Strategy on Romanias
Adhesion Preparation to European Union worked out by the
Commission specially established for this purpose from the represen-
tatives of parliamentary political parties, Government, academic cir-
cles, and of civil society, expressed the Romanias firm orientation of
focusing its development on promoting the characteristics of a demo-
cratic society rule of law, political plurality, power division, free
elections, respect of human rights, including those of national minori-
ties, creation of an efficient and lasting market economy compatiblewith the European Unions principles, standards, mechanisms, institu-
tions and policies.
The national strategic objective of Romanias adhesion to European
Union constitutes a crucial point of solidarity and convergence of the
countrys political and social forces, representing an historical opportu-
nity for promoting the ideals and fundamental interests of Romanian
people, its identity and traditions in a wide international openness, giv-
ing the possibility of mitigating and eliminating the gaps to the advanced
countries through our own efforts backed by a broad co-operation, and
of modernizing Romania, according to exigencies of transition to infor-
mational society and creation, on this basis, of the conditions for rising
the Romanias citizens living standard and quality of life.
The below signatories support the Commissions conclusion
according to which through persevering efforts there should be
40 41
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
22/40
conditions that, in the offing of the year 2000, Romania would have,
as well as other associated countries, the capacity to fulfil the funda-
mental conditions of adhesion.
The signatories of the Statement appreciate the spirit in which the
working out of this Strategy and the proceedings on its substantiation
took place, the entirely free confrontation of opinions in a constructive
debate climate of high scientific rigor, dialogue that allowed to favor
the conviction that Romanias rebirth, its general recovery has been
decided now.
This spirit must be promoted further on, in order to establish a cli-
mate of political realism, of active solidarity, which would direct theconstructive confrontation of opinions towards the national interests,
the destiny of Romania in the contemporary world.
The Statement is signed by:
n THE PRESIDENT OF ROMANIA
-Mr. Ion Iliescu
n THE PRIME MINISTER
-Mr. Nicolae V\c\roiun THE PRESIDENT OF SENATE
-Mr. Oliviu Gherman
n THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES
-Mr. Adrian N\stase
n THE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY PARTY OF ROMANIA
-Mr. Oliviu Gherman and Adrian N\stase
n THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY (N.S.F.)
-Mr. Petre Roman
n NATIONAL-PEASANT CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY
-Mr. Gabriel }epelea
n ROMANIAN NATIONAL UNITY PARTY
-Mr. Gheorghe Funar
n HUNGARIAN DEMOCRATIC UNION FROM ROMANIA
-Mr. Bela Marko
n GREAT ROMANIA PARTY
-Mr. Corneliu Vadim Tudor
n CIVIC ALLIANCE PARTY
-Mr. Nicolae Manolescu
n LABOUR SOCIALIST PARTY
-Mr. Ilie Verde]
n 93 LIBERAL PARTY
-Mr. Horia Rusu
n ROMANIAN DEMOCRATIC SOCIAL PARTY
-Mr. Sergiu Cunescu
nNATIONAL LIBERAL PARTY DEMOCRATIC
CONVENTION
-Mr. Niculae Cerveni
n ROMANIAN DEMOCRATIC AGRARIAN PARTY
-Mr. Victor Surdu
n ROMANIA ECOLOGIST PARTY
-Mr. Otto Weber
n THE PRESIDENT OF THE COMMISSION FOR WORKING
OUT THE NATIONAL STRATEGY ON ROMANIAS
ADHESION PREPARATION TO EUROPEAN UNION-Mr. Tudorel Postolache
42 43
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
23/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
24/40
public at large, in order to maintain the support for joining NATO and
to enhance the level of knowledge and understanding regarding secu-
rity and defense issues.On behalf of the parliamentarian political parties which they repre-
sent, the signatories of this statement believe a Parliament decision on
Romanias integration into NATO would be welcomed. They also
agree on the need to improve inter-institutional co-operation for the
Annual National Programme implementation process.
We fully share the view that Romanias admission as a full-fledged
NATO member will grant substance and credibility to the open door
policy and will benefit the security of the member states, as well as that
of the whole Euro-Atlantic area.
Taking into consideration the populations support for the objective
of Romanias integration into NATO as well as the progress achieved
so far in our preparations, the signatories are convinced that Euro-
Atlantic integration is a catalyst for the solidarity and convergence of
all political forces in promoting this national interest, reaching beyond
the differences in our various political and doctrinaire views.
Firmly convinced that this document serves Romanias national
interest, we believe that, through persistent efforts and a genuine soli-darity of the political forces, we can build a strong foundation for
Romania to be invited to join NATO at the 2002 Summit.
Bucharest, the 7th of March, 2001
n Social Democrat Party of RomaniaPresident - Adrian Nastase, Prime-minister
n Great Romania PartyPresident - Corneliu Vadim Tudor, Senator
n Democratic PartyPresident - Petre Roman, Senator
n National Liberal PartyPresident - Valeriu Stoica, MP
n Hungarian Democratic Union from RomaniaPresident - Bela Marko, Senator
n Romanian Democratic Social PartyPresident - Alexandru Athanasiu, Senator
n Humanist Party of RomaniaPresident- Dan Voiculescu
n Parliamentarian Group of National MinoritiesLeader - Varujan Pambuccian, MP
46 47
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
25/40
ANNEX 4
Romanian Favourable Public Opinion for NATO Integration
Source>Barometrul de opinie pu-blic\, Metromedia Transil-vania, IMAS, IRSOP.
ANNEX 5
Study on NATO Enlargement
Chapter 5:What are the implications of membership for
new members, including their rights and obli-
gations, and what do they need to do to prepare
for membership?
[...]
A. What will be Politically Expected from the New Members
69. Commitments entered into by new member states should be thesame as for present Allies, including acceptance of the principles, poli-
cies and procedures already adopted by all members of the Alliance at
the time when new members join. Willingness and ability to meet such
commitments, not only on paper but in practice, would be a critical
factor in any decision to invite a country to join.
70. Bearing in mind that there is no fixed or rigid list of criteria for
inviting new members to join the Alliance, possible new member
states will, nevertheless, be expected to :
- Conform to basic principles embodied in the Washington Treaty:
democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law;
- Accept NATO as a community of like-minded nations joined
together for collective defence and the preservation of peace and
security, with each nation contributing to the security and defence
48 49
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
26/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
27/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
28/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
29/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
30/40
well as certain others by invitation. They will also make avail-
able personnel, assets, facilities and capabilities necessary and
appropriate for carrying out the agreed Partnership Program-me. NATO will assist them, as appropriate, in formulating and
executing their individual Partnership Programmes.
6. The other subscribing states accept the following understand-
ings:
- those who envisage participation in missions referred to
in paragraph 3(d) will, where appropriate, take part in
related NATO exercises;
- they will fund their own participation in Partnership
activities, and will endeavour otherwise to share the
burdens of mounting exercises in which they take part;
- they may send, after appropriate agreement, permanent
liaison officers to a separate Partnership Coordination
Cell at Mons (Belgium) that would, under the authority
of the North Atlantic Council, carry out the military
planning necessary to implement the Partnership pro-
grammes;
- those participating in planning and military exerciseswill have access to certain NATO technical data rele-
vant to interoperability;
- building upon the CSCE measures on defence planning,
the other subscribing states and NATO countries will
exchange information on the steps that have been taken
or are being taken to promote transparency in defence
planning and budgeting and to ensure the democratic
control of armed forces;
- they may participate in a reciprocal exchange of infor-mation on defence planning and budgeting which will
be developed within the framework of the NACC/
Partnership for Peace.
7. In keeping with their commitment to the objectives of this
Partnership for Peace, the members of the North Atlantic
Alliance will:
- develop with the other subscribing states a planning and
review process to provide a basis for identifying andevaluating forces and capabilities that might be made
available by them for multinational training, exercises,
and operations in conjunction with Alliance forces;
- promote military and political coordination at NATO
Headquarters in order to provide direction and guidance
relevant to Partnership activities with the other sub-
scribing states, including planning, training, exercises
and the development of doctrine.
8. NATO will consult with any active participant in the
Partnership if that Partner perceives a direct threat to its terri-
torial integrity, political independence, or security.
58 59
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
31/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
32/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
33/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
34/40
clearly defined phases of NATO-only exercises when Council
decides to open these in accordance with current procedures.
Priority consideration will be given to ensuring exercise effec-tiveness.
i. Any future NATO facilities established for the assessment of
Partner forces for NATO-led peace support operations and of
Partner performance in NATO/PfP exercises and operations will
be used to assess the degree of interoperability and the range of
capabilities of aspirants' forces. If these assessment facilities are
extended to encompass forces beyond those for peace support
operations, they will be used to assist aspirants.
j. Appropriate use may be made of simulation technology for train-
ing forces and procedures.
III. Resource Issues
1. New Alliance members would be expected to commit sufficient
budget resources to allow themselves to meet the commitments
entailed by possible membership. National programmes of aspirants
must put in place the necessary structures to plan and implement
defence budgets that meet established defence priorities and make
provision for training schemes to familiarise staff with NATO practices
and procedures in order to prepare for possible future participation in
Alliance structures. [...]
IV. Security Issues
1. Aspirants would be expected upon accession to have in place
sufficient safeguards and procedures to ensure the security of the most
sensitive information as laid down in NATO security policy.
Implementation
2. Appropriate courses may be made available, on request, to aspir-
ing countries on Personnel, Physical, Document, Industrial Security
and INFOSEC. Individual programmes for aspirants may be developed
as warranted. The NATO Security and Special Committees may wish to
meet with aspirants, whenever they judge it necessary or useful.
V. Legal issues
1. In order to be able to undertake the commitments of member-
ship, aspirants should examine and become acquainted with the appro-
priate legal arrangements and agreements which govern cooperation
within NATO. This should enable aspirants to scrutinize domestic law
for compatibility with those NATO rules and regulations. In addition,
aspirants should be properly informed about the formal legal process
leading to membership. [...]
66 67
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
35/40
ANNEX 8
What is the most important problem in Romania?
Source>Barometrul Politic Na-]ional - iunie-iulie 2002,Metro Media Transilvania,in www.mmt.ro
Expectaions concerning the integration in European Union
When Romaniawill enter the
European Union?
Source>Barometrul Politic Na]ional- Iunie-Iulie2002, Metro Media Transilvania, inwww.mmt.ro
68 69
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
36/40
What chances has Romania to enter NATO?
Sources>Barometrul Politic Na]io-nal - Iunie-Iulie 2002, Me-tro Media Transilvania, inwww.mmt.ro
ANNEX 9
ROMANIAS ANNUAL NATIONAL PLAN OF PREPARATION
FOR NATO MEMBERSHIP 2002-2003 *
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ANP IV marks a change compared with previous plans drafted by
Romania as it takes into account the new security environment and
details our countrys present and future contribution to the global
coalition against terrorism. Combating terrorism, and organised crime
that supports terrorist networks, is one of the main focuses of ANP IV.
ANP IV has been drafted during the preparations for the NATOPrague Summit. Therefore, the Plan takes into consideration the fact that
Romania has pledged to subscribe to all the decisions that will be takenin Prague, and is prepared to contribute to NATOs new capabilities.
Romania shares the view that continuation of the MAP process willassist MAP countries in accelerating their preparations for member-ship and will ensure that new members will be better prepared to con-
tribute effectively to the Alliance. Continuation of the MAP process iskey to maintaining the cohesion, relevance and efficiency of theenlarged Alliance. It is also paramount to a smooth integration of thenew members into the Alliance.
Chapter I Political and economic issues
This chapter concentrates on steps to be taken by the Romanian
70
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D.
71
Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
_______* Romanias Annual National Plan of Preparation for NATO
Membership 2002-2003 in www.mae.ro
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
37/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
38/40
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
39/40
ANNEX 10
Romanian Participation in PSO-s Under the Aegis
of UN, NATO, OSCE and in the Fight Against Terrorism
as of 15 August 2002 *
76 77
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D. Romanias Integration into NATO and Westernization
NO. OPERATION/
MISSION
COUNTRY ORGANIZATION/
COALITION
TOTAL PERIOD
10 KFOR Kosovo NATO 218 December 2000/December 2001 -
present day
11 UNMEE Eritrea UN 8 1990 - present
day
12 MONUC Congo UN 26 1996 - present
day
13 UNIK Iraq-Kuwait UN 5 1991 - present
day
14 UNMIBH BosniaHerzegovina UN 18 2002 - presentday
15 UNMIK Kosovo UN 185 1999 - present
day
16 OSCE
Spillover
Mission to
Skopje
FYROM OSCE 10 2001 - present
day
17 OSCE Mission
to Georgia
Georgia OSCE 4 1999 - present
day
18 OSCE Missionin Kosovo
Kosovo OSCE 19 1999 - presentday
19 OSCE
Presence in
Albania
Albania OSCE 3 2002 - present
day
20 OSCE
Mission to the
Federal
Republic of
Yugoslavia
The
Federal
Republic of
Yugoslavia
OSCE 2 2002 - present
day
21 OSCE Missionto Bosnia and
Herzevogina
Bosnia-Herzevogina
OSCE 4 2002 - presentday
22 OSCE
Assistance
Group in
Chechnya
Chechnya OSCE 1 2002 - present
day
NO. OPERATION/
MISSION
COUNTRY ORGANIZATION/
COALITION
TOTAL PERIOD
1 DESERT
STORM
Kuweit COALITION OF
THE WILLING
384 February 1991
2 OSCE MIS-
SION TO
MOLDOVA
Moldova OSCE 24 1992 - 1993
3 UNSOM II Somalia UN 400 1993-1994
4 UNAMIR Rwanda UN 5 1994
5 UNAVEM III Angola UN 100+
750 +
May/June 1995 -
June/May 1997
6 MONUA Angola UN 900 June 1997 -
August 1999
7 ALBA Albania European
coalition
400 + April-July 1997
8 IFOR Bosnia
Herzegovina
NATO 200+ March
- October 1996
9 SFOR BosniaHerzegovina
NATO 122 July/December
2000 - present day_______*Romanian Participation in PSO-s Under the Aegis of UN, NATO, OSCE
and in the Fight Against Terrorism as of 15 August 2002 in www.mapn.ro,www.mae.ro
-
8/11/2019 Occasional Papers 3 2002
40/40
78
Brig.Gen. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Ph.D.
Institute for Political Studies of Defense
and Military History
ROMANIA, Bucharest, 70100
6 Constantin Mille Street, sector 1
Tel. +40 21 315 17 00
Fax. +40 21 411 22 01e-mail: ipsdmh@ro.pims.org; ispaim@ro.pims.org
www.ispaim.ro
Desktop publishing - I.P.S.D.M.H.
Printed by Military Publishing House
NO. OPERATION/
MISSION
COUNTRY ORGANIZATION/
COALITION
TOTAL PERIOD
23 OSCEMission to
Croatia
Croatia OSCE 1 2002 - presentday
24 Personal
Representativ
e of the CIO
on the Conflict
Dealt with by
the Minsk
Conference
Nagorno
Karabakh
OSCE 1 2002 - present
day
25 "ISAF"
Operation
Afghanistan Coalition of the
Willing
57 February 2002 -
present day
26 Operation
"Enduring
Freedom"
Afghanistan Coalition of the
Willing
411 July 2002 - pres-
ent day
top related