oclc research update ala midwinter
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ALA Midwinter • 11 January 2016
OCLC Research Update
List of Presenters and Presentations
Eric Childress
OCLC Membership & Research Overview
Lynn S. Connaway
The Library in the Life of the User
Jeff Mixter
Turning Bibliographic Descriptions into Actionable Knowledge
Karen Smith-Yoshimura
Working with OCLC Research Library Partners on Organizational Identifiers
User Studies Data Science Data Science
ALA Midwinter • 11 January 2016
OCLC Membership & Research Overview
Eric Childress
ALA Midwinter Research Update January 11, 2016
• Explores challenges facing libraries and archives in a rapidly changing information technology environment
• Three primary modes of activity:– Community research & development– Advanced development– Member/Partner engagement
• Reports, webinars, other work are made openly available
OCLC Membership & Research
Research Collections &
Support
Understanding the System-Wide
Library
Data Science
User Studies
Scaling Learning
Work Themes
Recent OCLC Research Reports
2015
2015 2015
Ask the expert, your local Archivist…
Meeting the users where they are
If You Build It, Will They Fund?• Forthcoming• Making Research Data Management
Sustainable– Libraries are moving into research data
management support without additional funding…
– Report explores the pros and cons of possible funding sources and highlights differences in several countries
Ricky Erway
Retired December 2015
Next OCLC Research Webinar
http://www.oclc.org/research/events.html
OCLC Member Forums
https://www.oclc.org/events/member-forums.en.html
Upcoming WebJunction Events
https://www.webjunction.org/events/webjunction.html
Thank youEric ChildressConsulting Project Managerchildree@oclc.org
The Library in the Life of the User: Engaging with People Where They Live and Learn
Compiled and co-authored by Lynn Silipigni Connaway, PhD
ALA Midwinter Research Update January 11, 2016
Our traditional model was one in which we thought of the user in the life of the library
… but we are now increasingly thinking about the library in the life of the user
(Connaway 2015)(Dempsey 2015)
The workflow contextConvenience and context switching
Fragmentation is a deterrent
Need to provide services for what people actually do, not what they say they do
(Dempsey 2015)
Prabha, Chandra, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Lawrence Olszewski, and Lillie Jenkins. 2007. “What is enough? Satisficing information needs.” Journal of Documentation 63, no. 1: 74–89. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/newsletters/prabha-satisficing.pdf.
Promote resources available to users“Sometimes libraries are closed and I need help so this [VRS] would be a great alternative. This method should me advertised more.”
(Seeking Synchronicity, NOS-36503, Non-user Online Survey, Female, Age 15-18)
Prabha, Chandra, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Lawrence Olszewski, and Lillie Jenkins. 2007. “What is enough? Satisficing information needs.” Journal of Documentation 63, no. 1: 74–89. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/newsletters/prabha-satisficing.pdf.
Satisficing…What is enough information?
“…I needed the answer, my maths, I was doing an exercise, I got stuck on a question, I still had the rest of the exercise to go and I had like an hour to do it and I just wanted the formula and the quickest way to do it was to type it into Google and it came up.”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, UKS2, Emerging, Female, Age 17, Secondary School Student)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Timothy J. Dickey. 2010. The digital information seeker: Report of findings from selected OCLC, RIN, and JISC User Behavior Projects. http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/publications/reports/2010/digitalinformationseekerreport.pdf.
Centrality of Google and search engines
“…I just think it’s [tutor’s website] too complicated and it’s limited, that I just carried on going on Google.”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, UKS6, Emerging, Female, Age 16, Secondary School Student)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, Timothy J. Dickey, and Marie L. Radford. 2011. “‘If It Is too inconvenient I’m not going after it:’ Convenience as a critical factor in information-seeking behaviors.” Library & Information Science Research 33, no. 3: 179–190.
“Yes, it [Matrix-style learning implants]- sort of make information gathering effortless and without having to sort of manually go through and separate the chaff from the wheat.”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, UKU10, Establishing, Male, Age 20, Law)
“People lack patience to wade through content silos…”
(Connaway 2015, 134)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, Donna Lanclos, David White, Alison Le Cornu, and Erin M. Hood. 2012. “User-centered decision making: A new model for developing academic library services and systems.” IFLA World Library and Information Congress 2012 Helsinki Proceedings: Libraries Now! Inspiring, Surprising, Empowering. http://conference.ifla.org/sites/default/files/files/papers/wlic2012/76-connaway-en.pdf.
Motivation and behaviors change based on context and situation
“And that’s [face-to-face communities] more helpful than the online emails or what we used to have is list serves that are still around a little bit. I used to use those a lot more.”(Digital Visitors and Residents, USF5, Experiencing, Male, Age 51, Theatre)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, David White, Donna Lanclos, and Alison Le Cornu. 2013. “Visitors and Residents: What motivates engagement with the digital information environment?” Information Research 18, no. 1, http://informationr.net/ir/18-1/infres181.html.
“So, I’ll be like looking over at that and then like either Facebook or my email will beep at me and I’ll click on that, see who sent me something and then go back to working. So, it’s always, kind of, open and there.”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, USU4, Emerging, Male, Age 19, Engineering)
Multi-tasking
The workflow contextConvenience and context switching
Fragmentation is a deterrent
The personal contextRelationship – sharing – engagement
Need to provide services for what people actually do, not what they say they do
(Dempsey 2015)
“If my other friends recommended it to me and used chat reference services themselves I might be convinced to try them...”
(Seeking Synchronicity, NOS-94938, Non-user Online Survey, Female, Age 15-18)
Build relationships
Radford, Marie L., and Lynn Silipigni Connaway. 2007. “‘Screenagers’ and live chat reference: Living up to the promise.” Scan 26, no. 1: 31–39. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/newsletters/connaway-scan.pdf. Screenagers have
a traditional view of librarians
“It’s like, it’s like, you don’t want to go “So which shelf are you pointing at?” Because, I mean, once they do their famous point, it’s just like…”
(Seeking Synchronicity, Focus Group 6 participant, Female, High School Student)
Librarians and services within the workflow
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, Donna M. Lanclos, and Erin M. Hood. 2013. “‘I always stick with the first thing that comes up on Google…’ Where people go for information, what they use, and why.” EDUCAUSE Review Online (6 December), http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/ialways-stick-first-thing-comes-google-where-people-go-information-what-they-use-and-why.
“I haven’t called them, I don’t think I’ve ever talked to the librarians here since I’m not in the building much.”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, USU4, Emerging, Male, Age 19, Engineering)
The workflow contextConvenience and context switching
Fragmentation is a deterrent
The personal contextRelationship – sharing – engagement
The environmental contextSpaces and places
Need to provide services for what people actually do, not what they say they do
(Dempsey 2015)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Ixchel M. Faniel. 2015. “Reordering Ranganathan: Shifting user behaviours, shifting priorities.” SRELS Journal of Information Management 52, no. 1: 3–23. http://i-scholar.in/index.php/sjim/article/view/60392/51360.
It’s time for a change
“Librarians have an opportunity to become part of users’ social networks and to put resources in the context of users’ information needs.”
(Connaway 2015, 23)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, Marie L. Radford, Timothy J. Dickey, Jocelyn De Angelis Williams, and Patrick Confer. 2008. “Sense-making and synchronicity: Information-seeking behaviors of Millennials and Baby Boomers.” Libri 58, no. 2: 123–135. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2008/connaway-libri.pdf.
Space for socializing and work groups
“We do go to the library or somewhere quiet where we can just get our work done together...”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, UKU3, Emerging, Female, Age 19, French and Italian)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2013. “Meeting the expectations of the community: The engagement-centered library.” Library 2020: Today’s Leading Visionaries Describe Tomorrow’s Library, edited by J. Janes, 83–88. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Embedded librarianship…be where our users need us
“Our experience with a proactive chat model… showed us that there is indeed a ready-made market for our services right on our own library pages...”
(Zhang and Mayer 2014, 205)
“Oh my goodness when I was starting my academic life everything was in the library and you could go in to these libraries at your university which were such fascinating places. …So I miss that – the old fashioned library.”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, UKF2, Female, Age 51, Marketing)
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Ixchel M. Faniel. 2014. Reordering Ranganathan: Shifting User Behaviors, Shifting Priorities. Dublin, OH: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2014/oclcresearch-reordering-ranganathan-2014.pdf.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, comp. 2015. The Library in the Life of the User: Engaging with People Where They Live and Learn. Dublin, OH: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/2015/oclcresearch-library-in-life-of-user.pdf.
• Library=Books• Don’t know library services exist – MARKET• Know your community and its needs• Develop relationships both online and face-to-face• Embed library systems and services into users’ existing
workflows
• Explanations of data collection methods• Examples of survey and interview
questions• Activities for understanding user
engagement
White, David, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Donna Lanclos, Erin M. Hood, and Carrie Vass. 2014. Evaluating Digital Services: A Visitors and Residents Approach. https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/evaluating-digital-services.
“Library is a growing organism.” (Ranganathan 1931)
Use what you knowLearn what you don’t knowEngage in new ways
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, comp. 2015. The Library in the Life of the User: Engaging with People Where They Live and Learn. Dublin, OH: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/2015/oclcresearch-library-in-life-of-user.pdf.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Ixchel M. Faniel. 2014. Reordering Ranganathan: Shifting User Behaviors, Shifting Priorities. Dublin, OH: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2014/oclcresearch-reordering-ranganathan-2014.pdf.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Marie L. Radford. 2005-2007. Seeking Synchronicity: Evaluating Virtual Reference Services from User, Non-User, and Librarian Perspectives. Funded by Institute for Museums and Library Services Research Grant. http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/synchronicity/default.htm.
Dempsey, Lorcan. 2015. “Environmental Trends and OCLC Research.” Presented at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, September 28. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/presentations/dempsey/dempsey-notre-dame-oclc-research-2015.pptx.
Ranganathan, S. R. 1931. The Five Laws of Library Science. London: Edward Goldston, Ltd.
White, David S., and Lynn Silipigni Connaway. 2011-2014. Digital Visitors and Residents: What Motivates Engagement with the Digital Information Environment. Funded by JISC, OCLC, and Oxford University. http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/vandr.html.
White, David, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Donna Lanclos, Erin M. Hood, and Carrie Vass. 2014. Evaluating Digital Services: A Visitors and Residents Approach. https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/evaluating-digital-services.
Zhang, Jie, and Nevin Mayer. 2014. “Proactive Chat Reference: Getting in the Users’ Space.” College & Research Libraries News 75, no. 4: 202-205.
References
Thank youLynn Silipigni ConnawaySenior Research Scientistlynn_connaway@oclc.org
ALA Midwinter • 11 January 2016
Turning Bibliographic Descriptions into Actionable Knowledge
Jeff Mixter
ALA Midwinter Research Update January 11, 2016
A series of recent Google Research papers describe the use of probabilistic models and machine learning to assess the truth of statements made by multiple sources.
• Li, X., Dong, X. L., Lyons, K., Meng, W., Srivastava, D. (2013). Truth Finding on the Deep Web: Is the Problem Solved?
• Dong, X. L., Gabrilovich, E., Heitz, G., Horn, W., Murphy, K., Sun, S., Zhang, W. (2013). From Data Fusion to Knowledge Fusion.
• Dong, X. L., Murphy, K., Gabrilovich, E., Heitz, G., Horn, W., Lao, N., ... & Zhang, W. (2014). Knowledge Vault: A Web-scale approach to probabilistic knowledge fusion
• Dong, X. L., Gabrilovich, E., Murphy, K. Dang, V., Horn, W., … & Zhang, W. (2015). Knowledge-Based Trust: Estimating the Trustworthiness of Web Sources
Estimating Trustworthiness and Finding Truth
ExtractionGraph-based Priors
Knowledge Fusion
• OCLC is evaluating a similar model for bibliographic and authority data sources,
• in combination with user-contributed content and Linked Data from other providers,
• to evaluate a “knowledge vault” for statements about entities and their relationships, including people, groups, places, events, concepts, and works.
A “Knowledge Vault” for Libraries?
Data Sources
Extraction
Scored Triples
Fusion KnowledgeVault
WorldCat
VIAF
FAST
Knowledge Vault data flow
Extractor
Extractor
Extractor
Fusers
Graph-based Priors
Knowledge Triples
Creating Knowledge Triples from record-oriented data
MARC Record
Enhanced WorldCat
MARC Record
Persons
Organizations
Places
Concepts
Events
Works
MARC Records RDF Entities Triples
• FRBR Clustering
• String matching with controlled vocabularies
• Addition of standard identifiers
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
Creating a Library Knowledge Vault• Triples in a library knowledge vault provide
opportunities for applications supporting discovery, editing, visualization, and more
• OCLC Research is experimenting with this kind of data in an experimental discovery system we call “EntityJS”
WorldCat
Testing with a subset of KnowledgeJust the “ArchiveGrid” WorldCat MARC records
ArchiveGrid
Knowledge Triples
Scored Triples
Testing with a subset of KnowledgeJust the “ArchiveGrid” WorldCat MARC records
ArchiveGrid Extractor
Extraction
Knowledge Triples
Scored Triples
Testing with a subset of KnowledgeJust the “ArchiveGrid” WorldCat MARC records
Vault Services
EntityJS
ArchiveGrid Extractor
Extraction
Knowledge Triples
Scored Triples
WorldCat
Testing with a subset of KnowledgeJust the “ArchiveGrid” WorldCat MARC records
Vault Services
EntityJS
Wikidata
DBPedia
VIAF
FAST
ArchiveGrid Extractor
Knowledge Triples
Scored Triples
WorldCat
Testing with a subset of KnowledgeJust the “ArchiveGrid” WorldCat MARC records
Vault Services
EntityJS
Application Triples
Wikidata
DBPedia
VIAF
FAST
ArchiveGrid Extractor
Extraction
Knowledge Triples
Scored Triples
KnowledgeVault
WorldCat
Testing with a subset of KnowledgeJust the “ArchiveGrid” WorldCat MARC records
Vault Services
EntityJS
Application Triples
Wikidata
DBPedia
VIAF
FAST
Fusers
ArchiveGrid Extractor
Extractor
Extraction
Search across entities
Show related entities
Show related entities
User-contributed “same as” relationships
User-contributed “same as” relationships
INSERT DATA { GRAPH <http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1405559> <http://schema.org/sameAs> <http://www.wikidata.org/data/Q502093>; <http://schema.org/sameAs> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Casablanca_conference>.}
User-contributed “same as” relationships
Continued Experimentation
• Build a way to assign confidence levels to data contributed by EntityJS
• Use confidence levels as input to a Fusion process to created Scored Triples
• Extend the EntityJS application to incorporate additional Linked Data resources and support further entity relationship refining and editing
Thank youJeff MixterSoftware Engineermixtert@oclc.org
Bruce WashburnConsulting Software Engineerbruce_washburn@oclc.org
ALA Midwinter • 11 January 2016
Working with OCLC Research Library Partners on Organizational Identifiers
Karen Smith-Yoshimura
ALA Midwinter Research Update January 11, 2016
• Funder/government-led initiatives to ensure valuefor the research that gets funded
• Hard to quantify, track and classify
• Challenging to get underlying data to map the pathway to impact
Impact
One indicator of impact
We initially use bibliometric analysis to look at the top institutions, by publications and citation count for the past ten years…
Universities are ranked by several indicators of academic or research performance, including… highly cited researchers…
Citations… are the best understood and most widely accepted measure of research strength.
Examples:• http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79006591• isni.org/isni/0000000123412786• http://viaf.org/viaf/13426768• wikidata.org/wiki/Q49108 Identify:
Identifiers!!! • A unique, persistent and public URI associated with
a digital object • Resolvable globally over networks • Unambiguous to use, find and identify the resource.
• Researchers interact with many internal and external systems
• Machine readable data structure and unique identifiers are critical for:o Authenticationo Validationo De-duplication
• Identifiers enable data to be trusted and re-used at a network scale
Identifiers: Glue for institutions and funder systems
OCLC Research Task Force on Organisations in ISNI
Karen Smith-Yoshimura OCLC Research (leader)Grace Agnew Rutgers UniversityChristopher Brown JISC (UK) (CASRAI)Kate Byrne University of New South WalesMatt Carruthers University of Michigan Naun Chew Cornell UniversityPeter Fletcher UCLAJanifer Gatenby OCLC Leiden (ISNI Assignment Agency)Stephen Hearn University of MinnesotaXiaoli Li University of California, DavisMarina Muilwijk University of UtrechtRoderick Sadler La Trobe UniversityJohn Riemer UCLAJing Wang Johns Hopkins UniversityGlen Wiley University of MiamiKayla Willey Brigham Young University
With input from Andrew MacEwan, British Library and Anila Angjeli, Bibliothèque nationale de France
Examined 13 use cases; producing sample records for each use case
23 recommendations for the system, for the ISNI-IA, for users
Search guidelines for organisations to be produced
Outreach document
Organizational IDs: Use cases• Institutions want to track all their
scholarly output• Track research groups which may
comprise staff from multiple institutions
• National assessments reporting• Track funding and validate affiliation • Disambiguate researchers’ names
by affiliation• Correctly identify researchers’
affiliations in publications
Many institutions unaware they already have an identifier assigned
• They merge, they split• They acquire/are acquired• They can have multiple departments, schools• Have hierarchies that may change over time• May have multiple hierarchies• Branches in multiple locations or countries• Often unclear when a name change represents a new organization• Different stakeholders’ perspectives
Special challenges with Organizations
G
Libraries
Text Rights
Music RightsTrade Sources
Encyclopaedias
Researchers & Professional Granting organisations Professional Societies Article databases Theses databases
cross-domain bridging-domains
Archives and Museums
ISNI for Organizational Identifiers
• ORCID uses ISNIs for organizations• Links to and from Virtual International
Authority File (VIAF)• Links in Wikidata
Over 500,000 organizations have public ISNIs
Ex: Relationships for Research Groups
• Augment relationship types and display• Indicate organization’s own preferred form of name• Publish ISNI ontology• Add Turtle, N-Triple, JSON-LD as linked data options• Create end user input form for organisations• Create ISNIs for Organizations outreach document • Engage organizations to maintain their public identity• Encourage organizations to collaborate with ISNI
Quality Team to diffuse corrections
Recommendations for ISNI
Thank youOCLC Membership & Researchhttp://www.oclc.org/research.htmloclcresearch@oclc.org
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