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OpenBTS WorkshopSurya Institute
October 29th 2012
Me
Me
● Graduate Student at UC Berkeley○ Computer Science○ Technology and
Infrastructure for Emerging Regions (TIER)
○ Working for■ Eric Brewer (CS)■ Tapan Parikh
(iSchool)
Me
● Graduate Student at UC Berkeley
● Employee at Range Networks○ Company built off
OpenBTS○ Developer○ Community Relations
Manager○ Open-source
Manager
Me
● Graduate Student at UC Berkeley
● Employee at Range Networks
Everything in this talk is my opinion alone and does not represent anything from Range Networks!
Cellular TelephonyA brief background
OpenBTSWhat is it?
● Bridges Cellular (GSM) and Internet (VoIP)
OpenBTS
● OpenBTS○ The actual transceiver/bridge
● sipauthserve○ The Home Location Registrar (HLR)
● smqueue○ The Short Message Service Center (SMSC)
● RRLPService○ The Radio Resource Location Protocol Server
■ Does location services
Components
Demo
Evil Telco (ETS)
● System I have built for demonstrating what a mobile network knows about you○ Primarily for activists in conflict countries
● Record all calls/sms● Filter SMS● Detect encrypted SMS● Capture IMSI/IMEI/Location
ETS
Burning Man
● 5 Sites○ 3 Multi-channel○ 2 Single-channel
● 1000+ subscribers○ 1.5 days of "Open Registration"
● 7500+ calls○ Mostly outbound
Burning Man
Papua, Indonesia
● My Thesis project● BTS Optimized for off-grid rural deployments
by small operators● Will be deploying in rural papua
○ Right now! That's why I'm here.
The Village Base Station
● Basic idea, turn the BTS when not in use
● Use "Wake up radio" to wake the BTS when needed○ Saves up to 85% of the power○ Call this "virtual coverage"
The Village Base Station
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Virtual Coverage
Other Projects
● Thomas Tsou○ Virginia Tech○ Developer on OpenBTS○ Working on MultiARFCN support for Ettus radios
■ And other stuff● Fairwaives
○ Chemeris/Surav et al○ Developing open hardware
■ UmTRX○ Handover for public release○ GPRS Support for public release
Other Projects
● Range Networks○ Founded by original OpenBTS developers
■ David Burgess/Harvind Samra○ ~ 10 Employees○ Provide commercial (non-GPL) release of OpenBTS○ GPRS Support○ Handover Support○ Sell "telcom-grade" equipment
Other Projects
Getting Started
● Open Hardware○ Ettus Equipment○ USRP1
■ Requires clock/solder■ Cost
● USRP: 700USD● 2 RFX900s: 550USD● Antennas: 60USD● Clocktamers: 300USD● Total: ~1600USD
■ Quality:● Medium, with right equipment could build reasonable large-
scale BTS
Hardware
● Open Hardware○ Ettus Equipment○ USRP1○ B100
■ Works "out of the box"● No clock modifications
■ Cost● B100: 650USD● RFX1800: 275USD● Total: 900USD
○ Ettus sells package of B100+RFX1800 for 770USD■ Quality
● Low, good enough for test bed● Clock primary limiter● Channel separation for 1 daughterboard is another
Hardware
● Open Hardware● Range Networks
○ RAD1■ Custom designed■ Cost
● 5000 USD Alone● 15000 USD for 5150 - Commercial BTS solution
■ Quality● Very good, designed for major telcos
Hardware
Software
● The software radio is connected to a computer, which runs OpenBTS
● Operating System○ Any *nix machine
■ Linux/BSD (Mac)/Etc● OpenBTS
○ Available here: https://wush.net/trac/rangepublic○ Contains information on
■ Downloading source code■ Building code■ Configuring OpenBTS
Issues
● Spectrum License○ GSM operates in licensed spectrum○ Major Telcos pay literally billions for these licenses
■ They won't share
Issues
● Spectrum License● Telcom Interconnect
○ Need to interface with existing phone networks○ VoIP
■ Commonly done with Direct Inward Dialing (DID)● Required by law to be provided in US
■ ISDN/Hardware etc○ SS7/MAP
■ Roaming agreement■ Access to telco HLR■ Not yet implemented in OpenBTS
Issues
Kurtis HeimerlEmail: kheimerl@cs.berkeley.edu
Twitter: @kheimerltier.cs.berkeley.edu
cs.berkeley.edu/~kheimerl
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